Bhutto Benazir, kusho uNdunankulu Islamic Republic of Pakistan: A Biography

Benazir Bhutto - hhayi nje sibalo zezombusazwe okunjengalokho kuqala. Hhayi nje kabili undunankulu. She - wokuqala futhi ngeshwa, owesifazane kuphela namanje emlandweni wamuva, okuyinto isibe inhloko kahulumeni ezweni lapho iningi abakhileyo abathi Islam. Wayehlala ekhanyayo, egcwele ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi zokuphila. Izindaba zokuhlasela lapho eshona, kuphazamisekile ukusakazwa TV emhlabeni wonke. Mayelana ukuphila nomsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe yena kusitshela ukuthi Benazir Bhutto. "Ndodakazi aseMpumalanga. Umlando womuntu ophilako "- kuyinto memoir wakhe. Encwadini, Benazir wabhala: "Lokhu ukuphila wangikhetha." Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi Scion we Bhutto wayemiselwe ukuba abe umholi wezwe, ubaba wayo, noma impumelelo yakhe kwaba umphumela umoya onamandla, ngeke futhi engasenathonya lalona wesifazane emangalisayo? Lokhu uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

Esakhula

Wazalelwa esizayo undunankulu emndenini lezinombolo abadumile zezombusazwe e Pakistan - Bhutto. Benazir wayelizibulo. Abazali bakhe, Zulfikar Ali Khan Nusrat Bhutto waba namanye amadodana amabili - Shahnawaz futhi Murtaza, Sanam nendodakazi. Benazir umkhulu ozala Shah Nawaz oholwa Uhulumeni ePakistan. Ubaba - kakhulu. Umama, umsuka Iranian Kurdish, is babehileleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Ngakho ukuthi inhlabathi lapho abadala Benazir sasifaneleka. Uyise Zulfikar wafundiswa eYurophu. Ngakho-ke, Benazir akazange afake isembozo sobuso ukuthi basibekele ubuso. Wazalelwa e Karachi amabili nanye-June 1953. Kodwa abazali bakhe kuthiwa samaSulumane, walinika sangasese enkulisa lady Dzhegginz. Intombazane nasesikoleni ngesikhathi umsebenzi Catholic Geethangal - e Karachi, Rawalpindi futhi Islamabad. Ngezinye nanhlanu, uye kakade wathola isitifiketi kamatikuletsheni.

imfundo eqhubekayo

Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1969, Bhutto Benazir wangeniswa Harvard. Lapho, ngamazwi akhe, kwathiwa "okokuqala banambitha ukunambitheka weningi." Ngemva kweminyaka emine, waba Bachelor of "zokubusa." Ngo-1973, wathuthela UK futhi safika Oxford. Kulesi esikoleni esiphakeme yena majored kwezomnotho, wezifundo zezombusazwe, ifilosofi umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda e-Oxford embulwa ngokugcwele yakhe amakhono obuholi kanye namakhono ukukhuluma. Ubethula ngisho nguMengameli leqembu rap "Oxford Union". Entwasahlobo ka-1977, Benazir iziqu ezifundweni zakhe futhi wabuyela Pakistan. Uyise ngenkathi bekatsatsa izikhundla ezivelele uhulumeni. Waqale waba nguMengameli futhi umongameli wase-Pakistan.

Kwezombusazwe

Wayeqale waba umsizi othembekile kuyise Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto. Benazir ngiphuphe career zamanxusa, kodwa umzali kude ngekusasa lakhe elikhulu ezweni lazo. Kepha ukuphela kwezinto amathemba akhe ngokubeka Icebo lika lempi, eholwa umashiqela Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Kwathi ngemva kwezinyanga nje 2 ngemva Benazir wabuyela Pakistan. Zia-ul-Haq waphonsa intombazane usetilongweni, ubaba wakhe wabulawa 1979, wamangalelwa ngamanga ngokuthi ukubulawa inkontileka Umphikisi zezombusazwe. Benazir wachitha iminyaka eminingi ejele, kukhona ezimweni ezimbi. Ekugcineni, ngo-1984, bekavumelekile yathuthela e-United Kingdom. Zulfikar Bhutto, wasungula Pakistan Yabantu Party (PPP), elaba inhloko umfelokazi wakhe ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa Benazir, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya ekudingisweni British, sokuhola leli butho zezombusazwe. Lapho Jikelele Zia-ul-Haq washona engozini yendiza, intombazane wakwazi ukubuyela ePakistan. Esikhumulweni sezindiza, lahlangana abantu abayizigidi ezintathu, khomba ukuthandwa okungakaze kubonwe Benazir Bhutto.

Biography, empilweni yakho

Asinakusho ukuthi lokhu wayengowesifazane inqubomgomo enhle kakhulu abukhali kuphela. Nokho, cindezela bephikelela okuphindaphindiwe wokuthi umshado wakhe waba senzeka ukubala. Kusolakala, wametha Asif Ali Zardari, ngoba wayengumuntu isihlobo kwabomndeni wakhe. okhokho baso babengabapristi Shiites nokuceba Sindh. Kodwa, cishe, u-Asif Ali ube ngumngani Benazir Bhutto ngenxa nokuzwelana engqondo. Waphinde waba okuqhubekayo ukubukwa European futhi uyaziqhenya yokuthi umkakhe fundiswa emayunivesithi adumile we-USA, nase UK. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, isazi sezombusazwe zesifazane, shado ayethanda ukugcina igama lakhe sasekhaya. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ke njengoba Benazir Bhutto emhlabeni. Izingane - indodana Bilawal namadodakazi Bahtavar Asif - bazalelwa lo mshado. Kuthiwa Benazir kwadingeka isikhathi ikhokhwe njengoba ukunaka kakhulu umndeni.

Ngesikhundla sikaNdunankulu lokuqala

Ikakhulu sibonga ukuthandwa ababulawa Zulfiqar Ali Khan Bhutto okhethweni yeningi ekwindla ka 1988 i-PPP iwine. Ngakho-ke, indodakazi yakhe waba undunankulu. Wayengumngane ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Ngakho, waba umahluleli omncane kunabo bonke abantu besifazane undunankulu. Kodwa emhlabeni Muslim, lokhu okuthunyelwe ithole kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu ubulili bakhe okokuqala emlandweni. Kodwa Bhutto Benazir iye yabonisa ukuthi akuyona nje indodakazi njengabakufanelekelayo uyise, kodwa futhi sezombusazwe onekhono ezimele. Yena ehhovisi lakhe olwenziwa uchungechunge yezinguquko kwezombangazwe nezenhlalo yimpumelelo. Ngemva ubushiqela of Zia-ul-Haq Izinyunyana baphinde bavunyelwe, abesifazane kanye izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo esintu, futhi amalungu ukuphikiswa ukufinyelela abezindaba kahulumeni. Premier isungule izibopho nobungane ongumakad 'ebona nesitha India. Kodwa umyeni wakhe, owaba wezeziMali, ethintenka ekonakaleni amahlazo. Ngo-1990, uMongameli Ghulam Iskhak Han uthumele IKhabhinethi eliholwa Bhutto sokwesula.

sikaNdunankulu yesibili

Kodwana ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, Benazir wayesebuyele ezombusazwe, kulokhu ngeke baphumelele njengawe ngaphambi. iqembu lakhe Asitholanga iningi ephalamende, ngakho waphoqeleka ukuba yakha umfelandawonye. Ngemva kokuthatha okuthunyelwe undunankulu okwesibili, Benazir Bhutto, ogama isithombe akazange bavela Amakhasi phambi amaphephandaba, waqala ukuthatha izinqumo populist. Ngenxa wakhe, ngisho emizaneni eqhelile Pakistan lwenziwe ugesi. It ikhuphukile isabelomali sezindleko ezempilo kanye nezemfundo. Ngakho, ukungakwazi ukufunda yawela yesithathu, futhi isifo esibi ezinjengovendle, wahlulwa. Ukushesha sokukhula komnotho kwashesha, okwandisa ukugeleza ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. Kodwa inkohlakalo amahlazo baqhubeka, futhi ngo-1997 leli qembu walahlekelwa ukhetho PNP. Phut ambalwa icala nenhlangano zokubulawa nokukhwabanisa zezimali. Lapho, ngo-1999, liqala ukubusa, Pervez Musharraf, Benazir bathutha nezingane zabo e-Dubai. Umyeni wakhe wathola iminyaka emihlanu ebhadla ejele.

Kokubulawa Benazir Bhutto

Uzungu wokuqala ngokumelene isikhonzi zesifazane prime esiteji ngo-1995. Ngo-1997, ngo-Osama bin Laden uthembise umvuzo zamadola abayizigidi eziyishumi ikhanda Benazir Bhutto. Ngo-2007, uMongameli Pakistan ngemvume ushwele ku amacala ku yena namanye amalunga ukuphikiswa ngubani baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Ngakho, Benazir Bhutto waphinda selikhanya phezu sezombusazwe yezwe. UMongameli Musharraf uzamile iwukudambisa Umphikisi eqinile okhethweni. Wedlula isichibiyelo uMthethosisekelo, owawuthi umuntu kungase kungabi undunankulu kabili. Futhi lapho okhethweni wasondela, bonke wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo. Ngo-October, kwathiwa Uzame, akuphumelelanga. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, waba isisulu okunye ukuhlasela kwamaphekula. Lokhu kwenzeke ngaphambi koNyaka Omusha, ngomhla ka-27 Disemba ngonyaka ezimbili namakhulu ayisikhombisa, lapho wanikeza inkulumo e Rawalpindi.