Banomkhuba in umdwebo: izici isiqondiso

Banomkhuba in umdwebo - kuba isiqondiso zobuciko we nengxenye yokuqala XVI-XVII leminyaka. It yavela e-Italy njengoba yokusabela kuya crisis kwezifiso neyobuntu, ejwayelekile Yenguquko. Ngomqondo obanzi, lo mqondo kusho Umkhuba omusha kwamasiko ukuthi yayinezinto eziningi futhi izincwadi, ubungcweti, ebaziwe, umculo.

Isizinda

Banomkhuba in umdwebo wabonakala ngesikhathi lapho art namanje waqhubeka linqobe izimiso of the High Renaissance. Nokho, ngokuqondene inombolo esibucayi isiko izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, wezombangazwe nezenkolo kwaphawuleka Ukuhamba sisusela ekuqondeni yendabuko yomuntu njengoba izimiso obunobunye ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama lonke. Ongqondongqondo Abaningi, ososayensi, nezihlakaniphi eyayidumazekile izimiso neyobuntu. Kwalahleka inkolelo ngokuvumelana zezwe, ukuthi kungenzeka nokuhlalisana ephelele yomuntu nezwe bemvelo.

Entsha yokusondela

Umphumela kulezi zinkanyezi futhi baba banomkhuba in umdwebo, ngawo elinesimo Ukuhamba ecacile evela olinganise zakudala, izigcawu omangalisayo, izithombe omkhulukazi. Manje, abaculi baqala ukubhala ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Umqondo yokugcina, futhi yakushintsha ohlangothini olusha, njengoba eyathinteka hhayi okuqukethwe ngemibono kuwebhu kanye intuthuko, zesimanjemanje kanye nezinhlobo ezicashile.

izigaba

Banomkhuba in umdwebo Useke wadlula izigaba eziningana ukuthuthukiswa. Isikhathi sokuqala ewela iminyaka 1520-1540. Ngalesi sikhathi, entsha isitayela is ikakhulukazi achumayo isiNtaliyane, noma kunalokho, LamaRoma Florentine imibuthano (Vasari, Pontormo nabanye). Abaculi ngenkuthalo salwazi kahle ulimi olusha futhi amasu ezibukwayo, ne Ukugcizelelwa umugqa, chiaroscuro, elingavamile Ukwakheka, umbala izingqikithi.

Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu XVI futhi kwaze kwaba cishe ekuqaleni Ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo, Umkhuba omusha uye sisabalale nezwekazi, ukuze eziningi uthi European kokuba isikole bakhona. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi kwaba Fontainebleau eFrance. Ngakho, le ndlela iye beqashelwa European, yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni inkambo elandelayo isiko - the Baroque.

Izici

Banomkhuba Umdwebo Italian yabeka isisekelo yonke inkambo yethu iyonke. abalobi Young azama ngayo ukunqoba ukuvumelana nokuvumelana ejwayelekile ka Renaissance okuyinhloko. Esikhundleni Umumo bushelelezi futhi flat base ufanekiselwa umugqa eziphukile, esikhundleni ezolile postures olinganiselayo - lobubhalo kanye namandla okubakhona ukunyakaza lezinombolo, izithombe omkhulukazi futhi ngokubabazekayo baye sithathelwe indawo izingoma kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Abaculi wayewenza amathuba okuba adlulisele amandla angaphakathi namaqhawe. Futhi le njongo siye yakhetha kuwukwephula ngokuvumelana ukukhanya. Izibalo ziye wenza ngamabomu side, welulela kuka inani isithombe eziphukile. Abalobi esetshenziswa imibala cool Ngokungafani ababengaphambi zabo, elifuna ukudlulisela kuthula okungokomoya futhi kuvumelana kwalo, ababethi ngemibala afudumele.

umphumela

Ngakho, lezi isitayela oluthile banomkhuba, ukuvumela ukwaba ke in a sigaba ehlukile ekuthuthukiseni amasiko zobuciko. Nakuba abanye abacwaningi esithambekele ukubona kuwo yimuphi omunye izenzo Yempucuko, noma esigabeni sokuqala Baroque. Nokho, ochwepheshe abaningi namanje bukhomba yokuthi akekho isitayela ongenakuqhathaniswa yasekuqaleni futhi, onikeza ngezizathu ukuqokomisa it out njengoba isigaba ahlukene yentuthuko. Ngokwesibonelo, abagxeki aveze ukuthi spiritualism yebo kwakheka isisekelo we Baroque sacral. Ngisho nanamuhla, kukhona belingisa lesi sitayela e zobuciko. Ngakho iziphi ezinye izici mkhuba yakamuva - neomanerizm.

Kwamanye amazwe

A mkhuba omusha okujwayelekile amazwe aseYurophu, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi abaculi Italian wasebenza eziningi zamasiko kuleli zwekazi. Kodwa izingcweti wendawo futhi wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ngolimi olusha kwezobuciko, izindlela, kusho ukuboniswa. Izici imidwebo abaculi mannerist ziyabonakala ngemisebenzi E. yamaGreki.

Isizathu sokuba ukuthandwa isitayela kubhekwa ukuthi is zihlukaniswa a nenhle kakhulu futhi courtly. Hhayi lutho kule ndawo elisanda savuka izimiso romance courtly, izingqikithi ezibonakala inikezwe ukuphila yesibili ngemisebenzi abaculi ekuseni yesimanje.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sitayela ingamashumi ecacile futhi kufinyeleleke kuphela kungagcini. It yaba umjikelezo omubi wenkantolo nesigodlo lezihlakaniphi. Futhi angizange ngokukhohlakala wathola ububanzi ububanzi ezifana imibono zobuntu obusingethwe imidwebo. Imidiya ezahlukene ekamu esiyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube nzima ukufunda umsebenzi. Banomkhuba in umdwebo, izici sihluke kakhulu handwriting abameleli Renaissance, nakuba kwandile, nokho akubi into enjalo okuphawulekayo isiko. Ukudala Titans abadumile, sasisikhulu kangangokuba ukubaluleka lapho, usephendukele nangale kwemingcele ezobuciko kanye laduma ububanzi.

Lo mkhuba kwezifiso neyobuntu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi bangabafokazi ukubaluleka kwamasiko kodwa kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe hhayi kuphela. Yini engase ishiwo banomkhuba. Nokho, kufanele abhekwe njengesigebengu mlando yangempela ubuciko, ngoba imakwe ushintsho kusukela endulo classical kuya isitayela Baroque.