Bank "Svyaznoy": okuzenzakalelayo noma cha? Izinkinga zamabhange eRussia

I-ZAO Svyaznoy Bank iyisikhungo sesikweletu sezinga likahulumeni. Unezincwadi zeCentral Bank, i-Federal Financial Markets Service (FFMS), umhlanganyeli osebenza emakethe yemasheya, kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhadi e-plastic Visa, Mastercard. Sekuyisikhathi eside inhlangano isebenza kahle. Kodwa ngo-2014 iSvyaznoy Bank yamemezela okuzenzakalelayo. Iziphi izinkinga ezibhekene nesikhungo sezezimali, futhi ukuthi ngempela ingozi yingokoqobo, funda kabanzi kulesi sihloko.

Umlando

I-Svyaznoy Bank yasungulwa ngesisekelo se-AK Promtorgbank. Lezi zinsuku zahlelwa emuva ngo-1992 futhi isikhathi eside ziphakathi kwezikhungo ezinokwethenjelwa ezikhonza amabhizinisi ezimboni. Ngo-2010, i-Svyaznoy Group kanye nesikhungo sesikweletu esikhankanywe ngenhla sakha ibhange eliphelele ngaphakathi kohlaka lokusebenzisana. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza (Okthoba 2010), iSvyaznoy Bank uye kancane kancane yenza ibhizinisi lamakhadi futhi yandisa amakhasimende ayo. Umnikazi wamasheya omkhulu wale sikhungo yinkampani ephethe iTrllas.

I-Svyaznoy Bank: Izinkinga

Ngo-Novemba 10, 2014, enye yezinkampani zeqembu le-Onexim yathumela isaziso sokuzenzakalela ku-Nogotkov (ngalesosikhathi usihlalo webhodi nomnikazi wenkampani ebambe iqhaza). Isibambiso semali mboleko sasigxile eTrllas Enterprises Ltd. Iphethe yonke impahla ye-Svyaznoy Group of Companies. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, kwavela isaziso sokuthi ama-90% wamasheya ayengaphansi kokulawulwa kuka-Onexim noNPF Blagosostoyanie. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intengo yokuthengiselana yayifanekisela - i-ruble engu-1 yokuphepha. I-Bank Svyaznoy yehlulekile ukuvimbela okuzenzakalelayo. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izimpahla zenkampani azibandakanyi kuphela isikhungo sesikweletu, kodwa futhi negama elifanayo lomthengisi weselula, isitolo se-intanethi, i-portal ye-SVOY.RU, inethiwekhi ye-Pandora salons. Nakuba izinto zokuhlobisa zigciniwe ekuthengisweni akuzange zingene.

Ziyini izinkinga ze-Svyaznoy Bank?

Okuzenzakalelayo kwenzeka ngenxa yama-akhawunti adingekayo okukhokhwa. Le nkampani ayikwazanga ukubhekana nenkinga ka-2014.

Ekupheleni kuka-2013, amaqembu e-Onexim ne-Svyaznoy axoxisana ngokuthi kungenzeka ukudala inkampani ebambe izimali ezivela kumthengisi wamaselula, ibhange, inkampani yomshuwalense kanye ne-Renaissance Credit Bank. Khona-ke uNogotkov wathola isikweletu semali eyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-100 ngosuku lokuvuthwa kuze kube ngu-01.11.2014. Khona-ke lesi sibalo sakhula ngamanye ama-20%. Nguye owayengazange akhokhe ibhange "Svyaznoy". I-default, ngokusho kukaNogotkov, yakhiwa ngenxa yenkinga yenkampani, isimo esinzima sezomnotho kuleli zwe nangaphesheya.

Ngenxa yezinqumo zesevisi ye-antimonopoly, umncintiswano kumakethe opharetha weselula uye wehla. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwezinguquko, uSvyaznoy walahlekelwa inzuzo eyi-ruble 1.6 billion. Kusuka ekuthengiseni izimali zempesheni. Ukuphuma kwesimo kungase kube ukuthenga ukudluliselwa kobunikazi be nkampani ku-MTS. Kodwa lokhu okuhleliwe, okwakusungulwe ngoSepthemba 2014, kwahlukana, njengoba umnikazi wemininingwana oyinhloko - umnikazi we-opharetha weselula - wabekwa ngaphansi kokuboshwa kwendlu.

Imodeli yebhizinisi engaphumeleli

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izinkinga zavela ngenxa yokubaluleka okungakalungi okubalulekile. Ngemva kokukhipha impi yentengo ne-Euroset, uSvyaznoy wawela esicupheni esifanayo njengomncintiswano walo ngo-2008. Ukuhlala okuningi, kugxile kuphela kwimali engenayo, hhayi ngenzuzo enenetha. Kodwa isimo semakethe sashintsha, le nkinga yahudula, futhi inkampani yaqala izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Ngaphambilini, ababolekisi benkampani babenguSberbank, Promsvyazbank no-Globex. Bonke babethembise ama-Trellas amasheya - umnikazi wesabelo esikhulu we-ZAO Svyaznoy Bank. Okuzenzakalelayo, okwakhiwa ngenxa yokuzenzakalelayo, manje unikeza ilungelo kubo bonke abakweleta ukubuyisela izithembiso. Baye bazuza kakade ku-NPF "Blagosostoyanie" lapho bethola isigxobo esingu-15% eTrllas.

Maphakathi no-Mashi, u-Promsvyazbank wathola imvume ku-FAS ukuthi athole isigxobo esingu-51% eSvyaznoy NV. Ngomhla kaNovemba 2014, isikweletu senkampani esikhungweni sesikweletu sasingu-6 billion rubles. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona isitatimende esithi "u-Promsvyazbank" ngeke athenge inkampani.

Ukuvalwa kwebhange "Svyaznoy"

Ukungqubuzana okuzungezile isikhungo sesikweletu kuphazamisa kuphela ukubuyiselwa kwesimo sezimali. Emva kokuvela kwezindaba mayelana nokuzenzakalelayo, kuphela kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuqala abafake imali bathatha ama-akhawunti angaphezu kuka-8 billion ruble. Khona-ke amahemuhemu asakazeka ukuthi "Ukuxhumeka" (ibhange) lenkinga uzama ukuxazulula ngendlela yokuhlanzeka. Nokho, kamuva lolu lwazi lwenqatshelwe ekukhululweni kwezindaba. Ngokusho kwabameleli bebhange, iphothifoliyo lesikweleti, ubukhulu bezimali zayo (10.7% we-10% edingekayo edingekayo yiBhange Elikhulu) alizange lishintshe kakhulu, isibonakaliso sokusondeza okusheshayo siphindwe kasikhombisa kunenani eliphansi (15%). Ibhange liyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwimodi evamile ngokwemodeli yasendulo yebhizinisi.

NgoDisemba 2014, lesi sikhungo sathola izigidi ezingu-11 ze-euro zemalimboleko engaphansi kwe "Finprombank" neqembu elithi "Alliance". Ngokwezilinganiso zokuqala, le mali yayifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani elincane lezinga lokunakekelwa kwezimali (H1) izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, i-H1 yaba yi-9.81%. Khona-ke abaphathi be-credit organization banxusa abanikazi bamasheya ngecebo lokusebenzisa imali elibiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5. Ngaphandle kwalokhu imali, phakathi nonyaka ka-2015, i-ZAO Svyaznoy Bank izobhekana nezinkinga. Ukuhoxisa imali kusuka ediphozithi nokucubungula imali kungabangela inkinga kumakhasimende. Lolu hlelo lwaluhlanganisa nesimiso sokukhokha lonke unyaka. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke (ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1.1.) Kwakudingeka kakade ngo-Mashi, futhi ezinyangeni ezilandelayo - izigidi ezingu-300. Kodwa ngenxa yokuguquka okuqhubekayo ohlwini lwababanikazi bamasheya, izingxoxo mayelana nokusebenzisa imali ayiqalanga.

Ibhange lixosha umnikazi wangaphambili

Ngo-June 2015, iSvyaznoy Bank idlulisele enkantolo. Inhlangano yesikweletu ihlose ukubuyisela ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-120 avela eNogotkov, ahlinzekwa ngezidingo zawo siqu. Ukuvuthwa kwalesi sikweletu kwafika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Kodwa izidingo zebhange azitholakalanga.

Isiphetho

Ukuvalwa kukaSvyaznoy kungenye yezihloko ezidume kakhulu zengxoxo. Ngemuva kokuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuzenzakalela kwenkampani yegama elifanayo, izigwegwe eziningi ezungeze inhlangano yesikweletu, kwavela ingemuva engemuva yolwazi. Ngenxa yokwesaba okudalwe, abafakizicelo baqala ukuqoqa imali yabo ngokuningi. Ukuze usebenze ngokuqinile, ibhange lidinga imali eyengeziwe. Kodwa ngenxa yezinguquko eziqhubekayo ohlwini lwababanikazi bamasheya, izingxoxo ngalolu daba azikaqali. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimali, ibhange lingase liqale ukubhekana nezinkinga ekusebenziseni izinga lokulinganiswa kwemali.