Bacillus - igciwane induku emise

Ama-bacterium - eziphilayo ezincane, ezincane, okuyinto awabonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Basuke akunqunywa igobolondo le-nucleus. nezilwanyana ezincane ezinjalo ukuba isayensi yesimanje zingaphezu 3,000 zilwane, phakathi okuyinto nesikhundla ingxenye enkulu bacilli. Bacillus - igciwane induku emise. Futhi igama layo ngokuqondile eyabonisa ukubukeka (Latin: bacillum - stick). Lezi amabhaktheriya abizwa ngokuthi usosayensi German V Kohn isesimweni, kepha efaniswe induku.

Uhlobo lwe-bacterium

Yini kwakusho ukuthini-ke bacteriology isambulela elithi "imbewu eletha"? Lona kwakuwumsebenzi bohlobo olubanzi amagciwane igramu-HIV isici ukuma. Futhi okokuqala, ngaphezu ukubukeka, abelana akwazi ukwakha inhlobo ezinhlamvu intracellular ukukhonza for zizalela kanye nokongiwa zilwane nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Akubona bonke, kodwa ezinye amagciwane abanga izifo futhi enobuthi izifo kubantu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kukhona pathogenic (okwengeziwe ngabo uchaze ngezansi). Futhi abaningi ala magciwane - saprophytes, ikakhulu abahlala emhlabathini.

ngezigaba Ezivamile

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi "bacterium imbewu eletha" - ngezigaba kunalokho ezivamile. Namuhla-ke isetshenziswa microbiology awavamile. Lo mhlangano Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlobo bacilli ejwayelekile uhlobo lwama-bacterium amaningi (ngaphandle cocci kokuba round), futhi ezihlukahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane kungenziwa libhekene ukubukeka kwabo njengoba Wand. Kodwa namanje kungenzeka ukuba sibone ezinye futhi izici ukhiye generalizing ubulili.

Izici Key

1. Iningi bacilli - saprophytes. Bona ukuguqula engokwemvelo ukuba compounds wezinto ezingaphili ngenxa yomsebenzi walo.
2. Ukubekezelelana kunomoya-mpilo. Kubo akusiyo ushevu, futhi abantu abaningi ukuyisebenzisela kwezimila (aerobic).
3. Bacillus imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile ngenxa zamakhemikhali.
4. Lezi amabhaktheriya neselula ukunyakaza wenziwa esebenzisa flagella.
5. Virulence: amagciwane amaningi izifo kubantu.

izinhlangano

Eziningi zalezi bacilli induku emise zihlelwe zaba amaseli eziningana.

• Diplobatsilla - pair inhlangano, kuhlangene amaseli ezimbili virus.
• Streptobatsilla - uchungechunge lapho amaseli ziningana zenziwe iqembu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, imbewu eletha anthrax eside kakhulu, ngesimo emazombezombe lokuluhlaza izinhlangano chain.

izingxabano

Bacillus - igciwane uyakwazi ukwakha ezinhlamvu. Lokhu kumiswa spore kungenzeka omunye izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu ngezigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma ushintsho yokuma ezinhlamvu bacilli kuseli virus. Ngo imbewu eletha ngqi, isibonelo, inkulumo mpikiswano asengcupheni amaseli ukuphela, wabanika ukubukeka of drumsticks (clostridia). Futhi bacilli icwecwe - phakathi kwengqamuzana, ngakho ukubanika umumo lokuphotha (plektridii).

ezinhlamvu Amagcikwane abaqashelwa ososayensi izinhlangano sikhuthazela iningi zonke izinhlobo zokuphila emhlabeni. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuphumula abanalo umzimba ukungabaza. Ziyakwazi ukumelana ukuba isitimu omiswe ngemisebe, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, acid. Lapho esephumule, agumenti okuhlala kakhulu. Atholakala zonke izindawo emhlabeni. Uma izimo ezikahle zenzeka, impikiswano bese ngokushesha basabela imvelo yabo futhi ziqhume, baqhubeka ukukhula okunamandla.

Izibonelo bacilli pathogenic

• Bacillus anthracis - agent causative of -anthrax. Pathogenicity kwiqembu yesibili.
• Bacillus cereus - agent causative ukudla izifo enobuthi emzimbeni lomuntu.
• Bordetella pertussis - itholakala emaphashini, wona kubangela ukukhwehlela whooping.
• Koch sika imbewu eletha - imbangela yesifo sofuba izifo.
• Tetanus imbewu eletha - causative ejenti nomhlathi-ngqi.

Kodwa akubona bonke amagciwane ziyingozi. Isayensi yanamuhla iye wafunda ukusebenzisa izimfanelo zabo ezinhle. Ezinye amagciwane asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni njengoba nabakhiqizi protease bese Amylase. A ubuthi obukhishwa kubo, asetshenziswa njengoba zinambuzane i ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo.