Aphathimenti Museum, House-Museum, Museum-esiteyidi: incazelo, izibonelo

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe ngokuya endulo - Muses engcwele Muzeon (Museyon), kodwa ezikhathini zanamuhla lo mqondo ilahlekelwe le Ngomqondo obanzi yokuqala enjalo. A indawo lapho abantu babandakanywe ku isayensi, ubuciko, izincwadi zazitholakala nakomunye umongo kwamasiko: ezikhumbuzo izikhathi ezikude nemisebenzi yobuciko, amasampula zazo ungakwazi ukuhlola umhlaba bemvelo, zonke izinhlobo rarities futhi curiosities eqoqwe Umbukiso olulodwa buka konke comers. Imyuziyemu-efulethini ngokuvamile ayiyona njengoba eziqoqekayo isikhungo. Balondoloza izimpahla zabo, izimpahla zasendlini, ifenisha, kanye umoya womuntu omkhulu ozinikezele le ndawo yimemori. Cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu akukho muntu Museum-efulethini.

inhlokodolobha

Njalo isikhungo esiyinhloko kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo ngokugxila abantu abanamakhono kakhulu nangengqondo elikhanyayo phetho elikhanyayo. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo ezifana Museum-efulethini, ikakhulukazi amelwe izihloko ezimbili kahle.

Lapha ungathola umbono ngokuphila umuntu odumile ukubona izinto ezisizungezile ke, lapho uhlala emkhathini ezikhathini ezidlule, ngisho umoya noma ukuthi muse ukuthi lalingaphezu eduze genius lapho usebenza noma aphumule. Lokhu kusebenza ngokugcwele lezo zinhlobo Museum njengoba emnyuziyamu-efulethini endlini Museum, Museum-bezindlu.

Pushkin, Zoshchenko nezinye

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile ukulungiselelwa Museum-efulethini akuyona bangempela, zonke ukusungulwa isitayela inkathi, ngokulandelana, ngokusekelwe zonke izinhlobo imibhalo. Kusukela kusungulwa Pushkin Aphathimenti Museum phezu Moika, nakuba zikhona izinto eziningi zobuciko okwakungokwenkosi imbongi yena. Nokho, wahlala efulethini isikhathi esifushane futhi isikhathi eside, manje cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela umhlobiso ezindlini zakhe. Kodwa endlini efanayo kwezinye izikhathi babehlala Volkonskaia Duchess futhi Duke Biron.

Kodwa ngisho omncane. Amakamelo okulala awabange Petersburg, elalinikezelwe ukuphila futhi basebenze Mihaila Zoschenko, azizange zithinteke isikhathi - lapho zigcinwa zonke izinto futhi ingaphakathi umsulwa futhi ngokuphelele bangempela, kuba ngokuphelele kakhulu izinto ezenzeka lapho ewuthola umbhali nomkhaya wakhe waba ngaphansana kunabanjengonkulunkulu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Futhi Petersburg, ungajoyina isiko sephrofayela ezibanzi:-ke uye walilondoloza ekhaya hhayi kuphela abalobi: Blok, Nabokov, Gumilyov, Nekrasov, Brodsky nabanye, kodwa Chaliapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Pavlov, abadlali Samoilov futhi namanje ubuntu eziningi ezivelele ezahlukene hlobo lo msebenzi. Enhloko-dolobha enyakatho, ungathola noma yiluphi uhlobo ezifana Museum-efulethini endlini Museum, Museum-bezindlu. Petersburg, kuphela wokugcina angaphezu kwamashumi amane, futhi bonke bangabafundi ezithakazelisayo. Lo muzi uthanda zalo zesikhathi esidlule.

Moscow

E-Moscow, efulethini isikhumbuzo kuphela zilindele izivakashi, amane, abantu abaningi kangaka okungavamile abahlala dolobha lethu. Nalapha futhi, kukhona zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene iminyuziyamu anikezelwe abantu ezathonya umlando edolobheni kanye nezwe kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke. Embukisweni izinto ngisho umoya izikhathi lapho efeza lezi noma ezinye izenzo ezinkulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, Museum-efulethini elithile Arbat lunikezelwe M. Yu. Lermontovu. Tverskaya ungavakashela yesikhumbuzo Museum-workshop ye-umqophi omkhulu S. T. Kononkova. Ngo F. M. Dostoevskogo emgwaqeni igama layo asemkhathini kakhulu ukulondolozwa Museum-efulethini, endlini-Museum of kakhulu wemidlalo A. N. Ostrovskogo ungaphakathi Ordynka.

Ngo phakathi edolobheni laseMoscow

Ungahamba Khamovniki, emgwaqeni Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Kukhona enhle Museum-estate somlobi. Kodwa Alekseya Nikolaevicha Tolstogo emgwaqweni uqambe kabusha Spiridonovka, kodwa indlu komlobi olondolozwe futhi umema bonke abantu abanesithakazelo. Esizihambela maphakathi abantu dolobha cishe njalo endlini Ungafunda: Aphathimenti Museum, House-Museum, Museum-bezindlu. Nokho, eziningi zalezi ezihehayo futhi edolobheni.

Ngezimpelasonto, kujwayele ukuthatha eziningi izivakashi emnyuziyamu-sokuhlala eMoscow. Ezinye ziphuze ngisho ikhofi, isibonelo, kwi Bolshaya Sadovaya, M. Bulgakov. Isikhathi esining impela Aphathimenti Museum, House-Museum, Museum-esiteyidi - kungenziwa amagama athathe indawo yalo cishe yonke - ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo zemicimbi. abaculi Ezinhle ekamelweni ezifana privechayut Memorial Museum M. N. Ermolovoy ku Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard.

Korolev, Stanislavsky, waseHerzen namanye amadoda amakhulu

Imyuziyemu-sokuhlala eMoscow baningi kakhulu ukutshela wonke, nakuba ofiseleka kakhulu. Eduze emnyango oseningizimu VDNKh - elihle endlini-Museum lapho kakhulu emkhathini kwakwande yonke, okuyinto Academician S. P. Korolov, kuye kwanikeza isintu. Futhi enhliziyweni yedolobha, liyikhaya Leontief Lane K. S. Stanislavskogo, lapho amakhonsathi nokusebenza emphakathini - okuyinto evamile.

Kwezezindlu A. I. Gertsena eduze Smolenskaya Square izivakashi akakwazi ukutshela, "Ini?", Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ukukutshela, "Ubani obangela?", Njengoba igama nombhali imisebenzi okungenakufa uphefumula zonke izifundo. Aphathimenti Museum, amagama anoma yimaphi brand, njalo kuholela isivakashi hhayi kuphela ulwazi olusha, kodwa futhi ukuba kokutholakala izingxenye ezithile evikelwe komphefumulo.

On Novinsky Boulevard, ungavakashela isakhiwo lapho ayehlala F. I. Shalyapin, ku indawo I. V Kurchatova - ezisekhona kuze kube isikhathi samanje nosuku ekhaya we-physics oluvelele kanye nososayensi-athomu P. L. Kapitsy. M. V Keldysh futhi V N. Vinogradov, eziningi kakhulu walabo bantu ngaye njalo ufuna ukwazi kabanzi, lezi nezikhumbuzo akuzona ezingenalutho naphakade. Ngenxa izikhungo ezisungulwe ezifana Quarter Museum, indlu-Museum, Museum-esiteyidi abamagama ukukhuluma ukuthi abantu abanentshisekelo izinhlamvu, ivela ezinhlwini zayo.

Granges

esifundeni eMoscow eMoscow idume yokuthi akukho inkinga emnandi futhi ewusizo Ngemva kwempelasonto, ngaphandle ukuthi inkinga lokuzikhethela. Uma umphefumulo ufuna hhayi kuphela ubuhle yezakhiwo kanye nomkhathi yokudala, kodwa futhi eduze nemvelo, kukhona njalo ithuba emnyu--estate, zazo zikhona eziningi.

Uyini Museum-estate? Ngokusho V I. Dalya, Manor (ngenye USADA) - indlu Manor emaphandleni, nge ingadi, ingadi yemifino kanye zonke zazihlanzekile futhi icocekile. Kwakhiwe isakhiwo sokulondoloza amagugu kusikisela ukuthi abanikazi yangaphambili ifa banamakhono amaningi futhi ikusasa okungavamile.

Dubrovitzy

On esiqongweni sentaba e Dubrovitsy - isonto isitayela Baroque ukuthi izakhiwo Russian ngokuphelele uncharacteristic. Kuyinto into esigabeni "Kumele ubuke". Lapha ekuqaleni okungenani esithombeni. Nethempeli Virgin oNgcwele enhle ngokumangalisayo. Hhayi ize, Prince Golitsyn ethunywe ukwakhiwa yayo, hhayi kuphela Polish, okuyinhloko-Swedish, isiJalimane kanye Dutch, kodwa futhi elikhazimulayo Domenico Trezzini (umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambilini - uPetru noPawulu Cathedral Petersburg). Ngezinye izikhathi, ifa okungewakho Potemkin.

Manor Palace wacabanga ekuqaleni, futhi, ngisho yakhiwa kuleli isitayela Baroque, kodwa yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, lakhiwa kabutjha the classic: ezintathu storey, ne masimu, izindawo zokudlala kanye balcony. Okulandelayo - izindlu ezine izinceku nabapristi. Interior umhlobiso ikhaya aluhlaza, Hall Heraldic ikakhulukazi. Kwakukhona izivakashi njalo futhi amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, ngisho Romanovs. umuzwa isivakashi okuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo kakhulu lapho ake sithi yena lo ephasishi esisodwa, amapulangwe aphansi efanayo babeyizikhulu Russian esisodwa. Lapha, yamafilimu, njengokuthi "Monte Cristo."

Serednikovo

Lokhu indlu Manor yadalwa ngesikhathi elihle kunawo, singasho, e inkathi yokuchuma ukwakhiwa Russian lendlu yenkosi yakhe. Stolypin ephethwe, futhi njengoba ugogo M. Yu. Lermontova kwaba kulo mndeni, udumo izindlu exhunywe enegama imbongi, kodwa lapha, isibonelo, zonke eseyizingane usakhula wachitha wezinguquko abavelele P. A. Stolypin. Ngemva kwalokho, lapha esiningi osaziwayo isikhathi ezifana Rachmaninov futhi Chaliapin.

Isitayela yezakhiwo Kulula kakhulu futhi romantic, Interiors zomlando ezigcinwe Front House. Lesi siqiwu kuhle kakhulu landscape, ngoba ngisho neze labetibambile ibhulashi esandleni sakhe kuyinto ubukhazikhazi zinhlobo ngempela ufuna kahle lokhu art. Kukhona kinogorod nge imihlobiso England trohvekovoy edlule. Lapho ushutha ifilimu "Inceku", "u-Admiral", "Lermontov", "Kubi Nastia" kanye nabanye abaningi.

Arkhangelsk

Lokhu indlu Manor wayaziwa izikhathi Ivana Groznogo, kodwa eqenjini lomculo futhi izakhiwo kwepaki manje amelwe isitayela classical kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Sasihlala Ekulu iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu edlule Yusupov, Odoevskogo Golitsyn.

Manor ungathi okunethezeka French chateaux noma Roman Villas: utshani, amathala, avenue landscaped kunothile eziqoshiwe zemabula. Izitebhisi futhi balustrades, ezitshekile emfuleni omkhulu, omuhle epaki olunzulu larches omkhulu - kukhona indawo ukungcebeleka futhi uphumule ngemva kanzima umsebenzi Muscovite. Lesi siqiwu kubhekwa the best in Russia. Lapha, kusukela Prince UNikolai Yusupov kuyinto umnyuziyamu, lapho imidwebo engaphezu kwamakhulu amane Umdwebo Western kuphela - iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu.

Kuskovo

Muscovites bakholwe Museum-estate Kuskovo epaki efana Sokolniki, lapho ungakwazi nijabula futhi uphumule namasiko ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi sibheke enhle Manor endlini ogwini. Nokho, lo mbono akulungile. Forest Park Kuskovo - kwayona, a Manor Kuskovo - kuyinto umnyuziyamu, lapho ungakwazi ukugibela inqola, ukuzohlola esigodlweni, izindlu Italian futhi Dutch nokudilikelwa - okungukuthi, eksponaty.Takzhe yayo abasebenza Museum ifa zobumba inala izinto ezinhle kakhulu, ise zokugcina - American futhi itshe elikhulu.