Antarctica - ezweni ice. Yini ngaphezulu ingabe ukwazi Antarctica

Ngokuqinisekile yezindawo Ayindida kakhulu futhi engaqondakali emhlabeni kuyinto Antarctica - ezweni ice. Chaza kafushane leli zwekazi ezimangalisayo ngeke isebenze: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abampofu kungase kubonakale kithi ubunjalo expanses esingapheliyo eqandisiwe, kukhona okuningi namathafa ezithakazelisayo. Futhi uma ngaphambi nezwekazi wayaziwa kuphela abacwaningi nabahloli bamazwe polar, namuhla eziningi izivakashi kakhulu zama amehlo akho ukuze ubone nezinguzunga ezinkulu zeqhwa futhi ehlane, mini ngekhephu.

Uhlolojikelele

Nge-Antarctica ngesiGreki ihumusha ngokuthi "okuphambene ye-Arctic." Lena zwekazi elikhulu, okuyinto oluthatha engxenyeni eseningizimu yale planethi. Ngokusebenzisa isikhungo salo kunemibandela sidlule-eksisi eMhlabeni njengoba kuba lapha isigxobo eningizimu. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-15 amakhilomitha square - endaweni esesihlokweni Antarctica. Izwe Akusikho lutho ukuthi leli qhwa ithole igama kweqhwa, ngoba abayizigidi ezingu-1.5 amakhilomitha square endaweni yayo umhlaba Imininingwane elalihlala izingqimba zeqhwa.

Ngenxa izindawo zalo elingalodwa futhi engangeneki Antarctica kwaba izwekazi zokugcina lapho indoda okuye kwenzeka ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeke ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX: bomkhankaso Russian eholwa Mikhail Lazarev futhi Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom wathola la mazwe. Ngenxa nobusuku obubandayo kanye engapheli okuphakade abazange bakwazi axazulule abantu. Izimo zezulu kukhona okunzima ngempela: izinga lokushisa angehla -80 ° C, obandayo ohlabayo ngesivinini 90 m / s. Namuhla, insimu ingeyona kunoma isiphi isimo. Abamele emazweni ahlukahlukene ucwaningo lapha. Antarctica - ezweni ice - ngomusa anakekela 3000 ososayensi, abasebenzela iziteshi ezahlukene 37.

ice engapheli

Bangabaholi ukuthatheka main yaleli zwekazi. By the way, liphakathi omunye umfo - aphakeme. Antarctica kunqoba kolwandle 2000 km, maphakathi - by kakhulu ngendlela 4000. Ingxenye enkulu ukuphakama - ebusweni glacial efihla esifubeni yayo isitimela ezwekazini. mayelana 5% kuphela endaweni khulula ice - engxenyeni esentshonalanga kanye Transantarctic Mountains.

Njengoba i-Antarctica - ezweni ice, izingane kanye nabantu abadala kuma-encyclopedia ebhaliwe eziningi ulwazi mayelana ngokwezinga layo. Ososayensi baye bame kwelokuthi ikhava eqandisiwe nansi giant emhlabeni, ubukhulu kuba izikhathi 10 eqhweni ukufinyelela Greenland. Siqukethe eziyizigidi ezingu-30 amakhilomitha square - lena 90% azo zonke ice umhlaba. Isici zaleli zwekazi ubhekwa omningi izingqimba zeqhwa zitholakala lapha - a ezindaweni ongaphakeme "blue" ezakha ingxenye yeshumi zensimu. zeqhwa enhle kakhulu, ezinde ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela ngezabelo ezinkulu.

-tsunami eqandisiwe

Kuyacaca ukuthi abantu abaningi, i-Antarctica lihlotshaniswa kuphela iqhwa abandayo. Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi iqhwa kumiswa kukhona izingqimba kuyisicefe noma Clumps: ngezinye izikhathi athathe isimo eqandisiwe magagasi asabekayo ukuthi babonakala sebeyekile waqhubeka nendlela yakhe, futhi kwasani ne negagasi magic Wand steel ukubaza enkulu. Lokhu okuthiwa ice-tsunami - manje nendawo uhambo oluya endaweni izivakashi, ubuhle engavamile landscape. Yini engingayisho - gqamisa zaleli zwekazi iqhwa. Clumps enhle ngokumangalisayo, ngoba aqukethe okumsulwa ice siyakhazimula okwesibhakabhaka.

Antarctica, izwe leqhwa, bewahlobisa ubuso bayo phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. yesithwathwa bawo babeyizimpisi umsizi abakhulu, ukuzibandakanya asebenzayo wamanzi ilanga kule nqubo. ukudala i-tsunami indlela elula. Ekuqaleni, leli qhwa omhlophe, ngoba kukhona eningi air Bubbles, lapho kuqala ehlobo lapho zihlatshwa yilanga lincibilike ebusika, kunalokho, ifakwa eqhweni - ngakho ngaphandle kokuma. Kodwa iphuzu liwukuthi kuzophinde kufike izingqimba ezineqhwa push air Bubbles, ukukhanya kuhamba ngakho ku ekujuleni floe ice. Ngakho, siye esekhulile omkhulu-tsunami oluluhlaza eqandisiwe, okuyinto entwasahlobo nasehlobo ukudlala zonke imibala rainbow.

uhlobo

Okumangazayo futhi engavamile ke izwe: Antarctica - ezweni ice - nezwekazi nhlobo kakhulu kule planethi, ngakho mayelana flora zayo nezilwane akuyona kangaka eyaziwa. Isimo sezulu elibuhlungu kuye kwaholela yokuthi ingxenye enkulu la mazwe akukho ukuphila. Surface zwekazi - a, phansi ice-embozwe yiqhwa, lapho ntambama ngomlilo ngeke uthole kwezimila. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo ezweni angenalutho ngempumelelo sikhule ezihlukahlukene ulele, wona kanye nesikhunta. Futhi siyazithanda ngempela nezinyoni angiosperms kanye ulwelwe.

coast ocebile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu-Antarctica. Ngakho-ke, kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, phakathi okuyizinto uphawu zaleli zwekazi - amaphengwini kanye cormorants, petrels, skuas. Iqhwa ulwandle uzizwe kahle futhi ngenxa yalokho ngenkuthalo siphile futhi ezala isidoda imikhomo, imikhomo okwesibhakabhaka futhi ezihlukahlukene pinnipeds. Iningi Antarctica itholakala ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle: lapha kukhona eside izinsuku polar nobusuku obungamashumi amane. Ngesikhathi isigxobo befinyelela nezinyanga eziyisithupha, kangangokuba ukubona ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga kungaba khona kanye kuphela ngonyaka.

Erebus

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa phakathi eyiqhwa, futhi umkhathi enkulu zeqhwa iyona intabamlilo amaningi asebenzayo emhlabeni. Kwakuthinta ezaqala ukubonakala kwelase-Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, lo mkhankaso we-Great Britain:-ke wahamba ogwini zwekazi. Omunye izitsha British ngokuthi "Erebus" - kungakho igama intabamlilo. Ngokokuqala ngqá umuntu sekuphenduke phezulu Mashi 10, 1908. Esikhathini sethu, ukuphakama ezintabeni umlilo - mayelana 3794 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, kuba njalo emgodini omkhulu ichitha amafu red-hot umusi.

Antarctica, izwe leqhwa, bangaziqhayisa Erebus. Phela, lokhu ingenye mlilo ezintathu emhlabeni efihla e ekujuleni yayo ongashi lava echibini. Ngaphezu giant Arctic izinqolobane ongashi lava ketshezi kuphela ngesikhathi iKilauea eHawaii futhi iNyiragongo e-Afrika. Ekhulwini zokugcina kwakukhona 8 kuqhume intabamlilo, kwekulu - ngo-1972. Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa ebusweni ligcwele Erebus ice kwemibhoshongo bobunjwa eziyinqaba yinqaba - lokhu ezineqhwa umusi iziphethu futhi lava ukuthi never-ophela umfudlana hit kugcwele somlilo entabeni.

izigodi ezomile

Amaqiniso amaningi ezithakazelisayo kungafundwa ngokulungiselela umbiko ezwekazini noma iphrojekthi. Antarctica - ezweni ice, kodwa ngubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi lokhu iphi indawo driest Emhlabeni. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-mibili kwakungekho imvula. Isizathu sokuba wonke imimoya enamandla ezihamba ngesivinini angu-320 / h: i ehwamukile umswakama, zanikeza amazwibela ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo iqhwa nemvula endaweni wendawo. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi it is ngelulela endaweni eyomile izigodi Lake Vida futhi Onyx - nomfula omude kunayo yonke e-Antarctica.

Ngokumangalisayo, kukhona eziningi izindawo ulwazi futhi emuhle. Ngokwesibonelo, Don Giovanni - echibini okunosawoti kakhulu emhlabeni, emakamu usawoti lapho okuningi njengoba 40%, okuyinto ephakeme izikhathi ezimbili kuka yoLwandle Olufile. Izigodi ezomile abamele nesithakazelo kakhulu NASA, ngoba isimo sezulu sendawo kuyafana Mars. Usuku nosuku Melika ukucwaninga, okuyinto ngenhlanhla kuphumelela ngempela. Bavumela wena ukuthola ama-bacterium abaningi abangabokuqala incwadi yelifa yokuthi ukuphila kule planethi ebomvu ngaphandle isasekhona.

igazi Falls

Kungenxa Dry izigodi, sesayensi Australia futhi sokuma Griffith Taylor ngo-1911 wathola indawo emangalisayo: kusukela yeqhwa giant agelezé ukusakaza amakhulu abomvu. Ekuqaleni sasicabanga ukuthi umbala amanzi unikeza ulwelwe obomvu, kodwa le nguqulo bekungelona. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ososayensi bathola imfihlo Igazi Falls: Umthombo iqukethe semali yensimbi ayoni is oxidized ngendiza, uphendukela ukugqwala. I metal kakhulu efanayo - umkhiqizo umzimba eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene abahlala la manzi.

Amanzi Yegazi Falls kwanele: kuziwa isuka kuleli chibi, okuyinto kufihlwe ekujuleni yeqhwa ngesikhathi ayi-400 ukujula. Izilwane abahlala kuwo ngokuphepha ukusinda ngokungabi bikho oksijini, ukushisa nokukhanya. Nakuba abaningi banesithakazelo kakhulu ezintweni umbuzo lapho wenza konke abengeke akheke waterfall yangempela, ngoba i-Antarctica - ezweni ice, ngokulandelana, izinga lokushisa lapha njalo aphansi. Futhi into usawoti efanayo. Emanzini yezwekazi ngempela kakhulu, ngakho iziphethu, hhayi kwi freezer ngisho frost okuhlabayo kakhulu.