Anaemia Aplastic: izimpawu. Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa igazi aplastic

Namuhla kukhona eziningi ezihlukahlukene izifo ahlanganisiwe ngqo igazi. Omunye walena uwukuba aplastic igazi. Izimpawu lesi sifo avele hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungenzeka yini ukuba lesi sifo? Yiziphi izinyathelo? Yilokho ngakho kuzokuhambela kulesi sihloko.

Uhlolojikelele

anaemia Aplastic iyisifo kohlelo hematopoietic, lapho kukhona ukwehla elibukhali inani amaseli egazi, kodwa kungekho izimpawu ezisobala umdlavuza. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu zokugula akuvamile. Ingabe ubuhlungu bobabili amadoda kanye ocansini fair, ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Lapho iyekwa ingelashwa anaemia aplastic luvame ukubulala.

izindlela zokuthuthukiswa isifo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakheka igazi Kwenziwa eqenjini elithile amaseli, okungukuthi hematopoietic stem cells. Sinenkosi ikhono zanda namazwe ukuhlukanisa ku ezihlukahlukene amahlumela hematopoiesis. Kuyinto ngenxa yokugcina kwakhiwa amaseli ovuthiwe (erythrocyte, leukocyte, izinhlayiya zegazi, njll). Ngaphansi kwethonya ezicini eziningana kwangaphandle nangekhatsi, ukuthuthukiswa elandelayo ezilandelanayo izindlela isifo:

• kancane kancane kuyancipha inani hematopoietic stem cells;
• siyabhubha Umsebenzi osemqoka stem cells ukuthi kuhilelani ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento kumiswa erythrocyte, thrombocytes futhi leukocyte;

Ukunqotshwa lwama-stem cell kulokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe umnkantsha transplantation kusukela ezimithi amaphahla noma umfowabo / udade ezifanayo. Ngakho iphathwa isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi aplastic ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Nokho, ukufakelwa kwezitho alusebenti kusukela twin ezifanayo kwenzeka ukuthi umamukeli ayitholanga zangaphambi Yiqiniso izidakamizwa ukuze nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Leli qiniso uvame waqinisekisa imvelo mzimba lesi sifo.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Ngeshwa, izici etiological lesi sifo Awaziwa kuze kube sekupheleni. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa Isizathu kungaba:

• oxhumana nabo njalo nabanye amaqembu amakhemikhali;
• basebenzisa kabi utshwala;
• yofuzo;
• ionizing emisebeni;
• izidakamizwa ukudakwa;
• izifo ezithize samafayela;

Uma ochwepheshe ayikwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana ngqo izizathu kushiwo ngenhla, sifo kuthiwa idiopathic anaemia aplastic.

izimpawu

• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile, nokulimala.
• Ukuphelelwa ngumoya.
• Ukwandiswa nezinga lokushisa komzimba.
• Ubuthakathaka, ukutubeka komzimba, isiyezi.
• Tachycardia.
• stomatitis esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe.
• Acinene noma ukopha gingival.
• Ukungakuthandi ukudla, okungazelelwe kwesisindo.

Lena akuyona yonke izimpawu zokwelapha njengoba kungase kubonakale anaemia aplastic. Ngokuqinisekile Izimpawu zihluke esimweni ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile zifane nezinye izifo kohlelo hematopoietic. Yingakho kubalulekile ngokushesha afune usizo lwezokwelapha futhi lizinikele lonke uvivinyo ezidingekayo. Kukhona imithetho ethile igazi ngoba ucansi ngamunye kanye nobudala. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo izinkomba izoke ezahlukene, kakade udokotela uye linqume luhlolo ezinemininingwane eminingi, bese ukwelashwa okufanele.

ukuma

Ochwepheshe kunemibandela uhlukanise umsuka isifo ku ezimbili:

1.Vrozhdennaya anaemia aplastic yilesi:

• lezinceku (ukulahlekelwa igazi kwetinhlavu kanye anomalies azalwa naso) Fanconi anaemia;
• lezinceku (ukulahlekelwa hematopoiesis ngaphandle anomalies azalwa naso kakhulu ekuthuthukeni) anaemia Oestrich-Dameshek;
• ngokwengxenye abomvu aplasia (kwehle abomvu cell count);

2.Priobretennye anaemia aplastic yilezi:

• nge lesion ingqikithi hematopoiesis;
• nge ukunqotshwa sokhetho erythropoiesis;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka kobukhulu:

• Non-ezinzima anaemia aplastic. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi sikhombisa amazinga aphezulu kumalungu ezithile, kodwa hhayi ngokwanele uma eqhathaniswa kuyinsakavukela.
• Sinzima anaemia aplastic. Ayibikwa ka-platelet ne granulocytes ritikulotsitov.

Yini ehlukanisa oluhambisana anaemia?

Lona uhlobo lalivamile igazi, okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa ezinzima ukopha, okuholela ukwehla elibukhali elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini, ukuthuthukiswa okuthiwa esingamahlalakhona semithambo kanye nowe-oxygen nendlala. Ukuze abadala abaphilile kuphakama ingozi abantu esimweni ukopha idlula ivolumu 500 ml.

Lokhu zokugula ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ukukhula komntwana ethunjini, igazi noma isibindi isifo esinzima ukopha ngemuva ukulimala noma ukuhlinzwa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isiguli kungenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa akazange usola ukuba khona le nkinga. izimpawu kuthiwa bavele izinsuku 2-3 emva ukopha. Uma isiguli ngeke uthole bezokwelapha abanekhono, kuyinto awokuthi kakhulu sokufa.

Inkinga ezifana kwegazi, oluhambisana esilaphekayo. Udokotela kumelwe asuse angumtfombo ukulahlekelwa igazi ngokumpontshelwa enze izixazululo colloidal.

ukuhlola

Ngokuvamile esolwa sifo kwenzeka ngemva ukulethwa esilandelayo cwaningo preventively. Ngo kwegazi, encishisiwe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini, amaseli egazi amhlophe bese-hemoglobin indices namazinga ESR landa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi degree lokwehliswa okuqukethwe izingxenye ezehlukahlukene ingahluka ngamunye icala ngabanye.

Ukuze uqinisekise lesi sifo sokulahlekelwa igazi aplastic, ukuhlolwa igazi akuyona indlela ematheni uphethwe. Udokotela ngokuvamile inikeza luhlolo eningiliziwe isiguli, okubandakanya:

• behlolwa (ukuzimisela umbala kwesikhumba, umfutho wegazi, khona ukopha, njll ...);
• ukuhlaziywa umchamo (khona igazi kubhekwa uphawu of a syndrome oluhambisana, futhi khona izilokazane ezincane - ibonakalisa imvelo ezithathelwanayo yezinkinga);
• igazi noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali (i-cholesterol, i-glucose, uric acid);
• ukuqedela nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona imikhuba emibi, kungakhathaliseki kukhona nezifo ezingamahlala khona ngabe ukuchayeka ezinobuthi);
• ukuhlaziywa igazi;
• Ukutadisha umnkantsha wokubhoboza izindlela;
• electrocardiography;

Yini okufanele baphathwe?

Okokuqala kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi indlela abaqeqeshiwe kuphela kungasiza iziguli ekulweni izifo ezifana nesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi aplastic. Izimpawu zalesi sifo kusaqalwa kufanele wazise wonke umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izimpawu zokwelapha eyinhloko kubalulekile ngokushesha afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngenxa ukudlula ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe.

imithi yesimanje inikeza ezintathu ongakhetha yokwelapha. Ngezansi sibheke ngamunye kabanzi.

1. ukwelashwa Causative Kunconywa esimweni aziwa isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi. Kulesi simo, umgomo oyinhloko yokwelapha ukuqondisa isinyathelo isici ingqondo, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu akuphumeleli. Iziguli belulekwa ukuqeda imbangela isifo (ukususwa zone ngemisebe, ukwesulwa noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo, njll .. D.). Izinyathelo ezinjalo kuphela sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi kokufa umnkantsha, kodwa hhayi ukubuyisela igazi evamile.
2. ukwelashwa Pathogenic lisikisela ukuthuthukiswa ekuqedeni izindlela isifo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, wasebenzisa yokwelapha immunosuppressive ( "Cyclophosphamide" izidakamizwa, "Cyclosporin"). Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izidakamizwa ungakwazi ukubuyisa ngokugcwele umsebenzi hematopoietic. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ekwelapheni corticosteroids futhi Ama-anabolic steroid. Le mishanguzo akufanele kuphela kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa amaprotheni zamagama. Ngesimo ezinzima kakhulu lesi sifo, odokotela batusa ukufakelwa umnkantsha. Ukusebenza kahle iphezulu kakhulu ezigulini abasebasha. Aplastic anaemia ezinganeni futhi iphathwa ngokusebenzisa ukufakelwa.
3. therapy okunezimpawu isetshenziswa ulwe ukubonakaliswa ethile isifo. Kuhlanganisa ukumpontshelwa eziyisisekelo kwezakhi zegazi, imithi elwa namagciwane (imithi "fluconazole", "Norfloxacin") futhi letindzala yokwelapha antifungal.

Izinkinga nemiphumela

• ikhoma anemiya. Ngenxa ukwehla ngokushesha emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazini ebuchosheni cishe akukho mpilo enikeziwe, ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ulahlekelwa ukwazi akusho nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle.
• Ukutheleleka.
• yezinkinga oluhambisana (ukopha). Inkinga ezimbi kakhulu - okubizwa ngokuthi oluhambisana unhlangothi, lapho ingxenye yobuchopho uyafa ngenxa impregnate igazi lakhe.
• Ukuwohloka ezinye izitho zangaphakathi (ngokuvamile iningi kwenzeka khona izifo).

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla ukwelashwa eziningana ithatha afanelekayo kuyasiza unqobe lo zokugula njengoba anaemia aplastic. Ukubikezela ikakhulukazi evumayo, kodwa kuphela ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi kudokotela. Ngokusho izibalo ezitholakalayo, ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanele mayelana 90% eziguli ufe kungakapheli unyaka owodwa.

Le nqubo yokwelapha ngempumelelo kakhulu umnkantsha transplantation kuyaqapheleka. Ngokwesibonelo, 9 iziguli 10 emva kokuhlinzwa ukuphila isikhathi eside kunaleso iminyaka emihlanu.

Ngezinye nakwenzeka kokungenela kuhlinzwa (ukwelashwa) iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu can iminyaka kuphela bukhoma kwesigamu iziguli, futhi engu-40.

zokuvimbela

zokuvimbela Primary ngokuyifunda isenzo ukuvimbela nemiphumela emibi izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle. Sikhuluma ngokuqondene emasu lasisekelo ekwetfula nokuvikeleka e nokuxhumana imithombo ionizing emisebeni, udayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulawula imithi umthamo.

zokuvimbela Okwesibili (zokuvimbela ukuwohloka lomuntu evele isigula) lisikisela observation Dispensary, kanye nokwelashwa yesondlo yesikhathi eside.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akufanele wesabe kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane, njengoba anaemia aplastic. Izithombe ngabantu abaphilile naso kule isifo, ukufakazela ukuthi ungakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga. Kulokhu, indima ekhethekile kungokwalabo Ukwenza efuna bezokwelapha abanekhono futhi ukunamathela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo ezivela odokotela. Hlala uphilile!