Ucingo SIM khadi: idivayisi

Ikhadi le-SIM - idivayisi okuyinto Subscriber Identity Module. Lesi sifunda okuhlangene yakhelwe ephephile isitoreji amakamelo ngamazwe zokubhalisa mobile ukuhlonza (IMSI) nokhiye ezihambisana ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza kanye ukuqinisekiswa ababhalisile Amadivayisi sefoni yeselula (isb, izingcingo eselula kanye computer). Ungase futhi ukugcina ulwazi-SIM khadi amaningi uthintane.

Amakhadi we-SIM njalo ukusetshenziswa ku-GSM amafoni CDMA amadivayisi kudingekile kuphela amadivayisi amasha LTE-ehambisanayo. Lemisebenti ingaphindze elisetshenziswa amafoni satellite.

-SIM khadi kuyingxenye umsebenzi wesifunda jikelele ihlanganiswe (UICC), ngokuvamile kwenziwa PVC nge oxhumana edidiyele Semiconductors. -SIM khadi, idivayisi ogxile ezobuchwepheshe, ungakwazi ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kumadivayisi eselula ezahlukene.

-SIM khadi kuhlanganisa:

• inombolo ye-serial esiyingqayizivele (ICCID);
• isihlonzi mobile ngamazwe (IMSI);
• ukuqinisekiswa kanye ukubethela;
• Imininingwane sikhathi inethiwekhi yendawo;
• uhlu ezinsizeni okufanele umsebenzisi likwazi ukufinyelela;
• kudivayisi ye-SIM efonini ikhadi Ubuye Amaphasiwedi amabili: Personal Identification Number (iphinikhodi) ukusetshenziswa okwejwayelekile, nekhodi ivulela siqu (i-PUK) ukuvula i-PIN.

Umlando kanye isikhathi emakethe

Ekuqaleni format SIM kuchazwe European Telecommunications Amazinga Institute sebhithi TS 11.11 inombolo lichaza Izakhiwo kanye okunengqondo we-SIM khadi. Nge ukuthuthukiswa UMTS umsebenzi sebhithi iye kancane sidluliselwe 3GPP.

Okokuqala-SIM-khadi yasungulwa ngo-1991 yi-Munich nomkhiqizi amakhadi smart Giesecke & Devrient owathengisa amakhophi okuqala angu-300 we-Finnish engenantambo yenethiwekhi Radiolinja.

inactivation

Ngo izivumelwano eziningi izivumelwano "khokha hamba" uzodinga ngezikhathi usebenzise kusengaphambili ukuze ugweme kokuphela imisebenzi akhawunti. Le nkathi kuncike ku-opharetha wenethiwekhi, kodwa ngokuvamile inqunywa isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezintathu. Lena ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokuthi-SIM khadi ayisebenzi e inethiwekhi.

ukubhalisa

Amazwe amaningi kanye opharetha zidinga ukuhlonza ukwenza kusebenze isevisi, kodwa kukhona ezinye okuhlukile, ezifana Hong Kong SAR.

Kanjani ifoni SIM khadi?

Ukuze-SIM khadi has ezintathu voltage ukusebenza: 5V, 3V futhi 1.8V yokusebenza voltage kweningi "simok", egijima kuze 1998, kwaba 5 V. Le wadala kamuva amakhadi iyahambisana 3 V futhi 5 V izimo Modern ukweseka 5 V, 3 V kanye 1.8 V

idatha

On-SIM khadi egcinwe nemininingwane yenethiwekhi lisetshenziswa ukugunyaza futhi ukukhomba ababhalisile kunethiwekhi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lawa ICCID, IMSI, Ukugunyaza Key (AmaKh), lendawo endaweni isihlonzi (Lai) futhi inani ikholi oluphuthumayo opharetha.

SIM khadi, okuyinto idivayisi esekelwe izikimu ibuye igcine nenye idatha, kuye ngokuthi opharetha, ezifana ube nenamba yesikhungo sesevisi imiyalezo emifushane (SMS ServiceServiceName), igama wesevisi (SPN), igumbi inkonzo izinombolo (SDN), Amapharamitha Advanceofcharge nezinhlelo zokusebenza value added (VAS).

-SIM khadi kungenziwa enikeziwe in ezihlukahlukene osayizi idatha kusuka 8 okungenani 256 KB. Bonke akuvumela ukugcina esiphezulu 250 oxhumana nabo, kodwa uma kukhona inguqulo isikhala 32 KB for 33 senethiwekhi yeselula amakhodi (MNC) noma "inethiwekhi izikhombi", uhlobo 64 KB kunjalo ngenxa 80 MNC. Kulolu hlu isetshenziswa inethiwekhi opharetha ukugcina amanethiwekhi ayethanda, futhi ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa lapho SIM alikho inethiwekhi ekhaya lakho futhi uzulazula. Yini idivayisi sim ifoni ikhadi okunjalo?

I-opharetha, ngubani olukhishwe "ikhadi le-SIM" Ungayisebenzisa ukuxhuma ifoni yakho inethiwekhi ethandwayo ukusebenzisa engcono sivumelwano ngokuhweba kwakho kokuqala inkampani yenethiwekhi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ifoni eliqukethe SIM lokhu, kungenziwa exhunywe kuze kube 33 noma 80 amanethiwekhi, okusho kuphela umkhiphi-SIM khadi kungenziwa kuphela ukhombe leli nani lwamanethiwekhi owathandayo. Uma "Sim" ingaphandle amanethiwekhi encomekayo, sizosebenzisa ngowokuqala noma enhle ekhona.

ICCID

Ngalinye le-SIM uchazwa ezingeni international ku isihlonzi kwe-circuit ihlanganiswe (ICCID). ICCID egcinwe ekhadini le-SIM, kanye libhalwe noma libhalwe iphakethe phakathi kwenqubo ngokwezifiso.

ICCID kunqunywa izincomo ITU-T E.118 izinombolo njengoba Primary. isakhiwo sayo sisekelwe ISO /-IEC 7812. Ngokusho inombolo E.118 kungaba amadijithi angu-22 kuhlanganise idijithi isheke ibalwa ngokusebenzisa Luhn algorithm. Nokho, i-GSM Isigaba 1 lichazwa ngokuthi octets ICCID obuphelele 10 (ezingu-20) kanye nesakhiwo eqondile opharetha.

International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI)

-SIM khadi bachazwa e ngabanye inethiwekhi opharetha ngokusebenzisa esiyingqayizivele ngamazwe zokubhalisa mobile ukuhlonza (IMSI). Abaqhubi yenethiwekhi yeselula exhunywe kwi-mobile efoni futhi abelane-SIM card abo emakethe nge IMSI yayo. format elilandelayo.

Izinombolo ezintathu zokuqala amele Ucingo Ikhodi yezwe (MCC).

Ngakusasa Izinombolo ezimbili noma ezintathu kukhona mobile ikhodi inethiwekhi (MNC). idijithi-Three-MNC amakhodi avunyelwe E.212, kodwa ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa e-United States nase-Canada.

Izibalo ezilandelayo amele mobile inombolo zokubhalisa ukuhlonza (MSIN). Ngokuvamile kuba amadijithi 10, kodwa ukubaluleka kuyoba esingaphansi esimweni a MNC enamadijithi amathathu-noma uma imithetho kazwelonke abonisa ukuthi ubude isamba IMSI kumele ibe namadijithi angu esingaphansi 15. Konke lokhu izibalo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe, ngakho kungase kube nomehluko ahlelwe ngendlela le-SIM. Isikimu kuyinto endinganisweni efanayo futhi le mboni, umehluko kuphela ebonwe ulwazi eqoshiwe.

Ukhiye ukuqinisekiswa (AmaKh)

Kni - liyinani 128-bit ukuthi lisetshenziswa ukugunyaza i-SIM-amakhadi e-GSM yenethiwekhi yeselula (inethiwekhi USIM usadinga le AmaKh, kodwa kudinga nemingcele). Ngo ngamunye izitolo-SIM khadi a AmaKh esiyingqayizivele, enikezwe opharetha ngesikhathi senqubo ngokwezifiso. Le ndlela futhi kwi-database (ngokuthi isikhungo ubuqiniso, noma AUC) e inethiwekhi wesevisi.

owenza i-SIM khadi kanye okushiwo ngenhla kanjani? It yakhelwe ngendlela efana yokugwema ukuthola AmaKh nge ismatikhadi esibonakalayo. Kunalokho, i-SIM-khadi inikeza umsebenzi "Qala GSM-algorithm", okuvumela ifoni ukudlulisa idatha ku "ikhadi le-SIM", okumele isayinwe AmaKh. Lona umqondo wokwenza ukusetshenziswa SIM khadi kumele uma AmaKh ayikwazi ukususwa kusukela le-SIM noma u-opheretha ufuna ukwandisa le ndlela. Ekusebenteni, GSM ukubethela algorithm ukubala SRES_2 (bheka. Isinyathelo 4 ngezansi) we AmaKh has ngishiyeka ezithile ezingase ukuvumela nokuvulwa lesi silinganiso ne "SIM khadi" bese udala nabo le-SIM.

Inqubo ubuqiniso

Lapho imishini yeselula isiqalile, uthola international mobile zokubhalisa ubunikazi (IMSI) le-SIM futhi ithumela yona opharetha mobile icela ukufinyelela futhi ubuqiniso. imishini Ucingo bangadlulisela i-PIN-ikhodi kwiSIM khadi ngaphambi kuzovula imininingwane.

Ukukhomba endaweni indawo

izitolo SIM kunethiwekhi Imininingwane isimo, okuyinto etholakele ubunikazi endaweni indawo (Lai). Imisebenzi yenethiwekhi zihlukaniswe izindawo indawo, ngamunye ephethe inamba engafani eyaziswa Lai. Uma idivayisi eshintsha indawo, ke igcina Lai entsha ku-SIM, bese ithumela emuva kunethiwekhi opharetha sika endaweni entsha. Uma idivayisi esebenza cyclically, kuyoba ukukhipha idatha kusuka "Sims" bese usesha Lai odlule. Kuleli msebenzi futhi ezinye izimbungulu ne-SIM khadi.

SMS-imiyalezo noxhumana nabo

-SIM khadi amaningi izophendukela ukugcina ethile SMS-imiyalezo futhi incwadi yocingo oxhumana. Oxhumana zigcinwa ngazimbili elula "igama kanye nenombolo": amarekhodi aqukethe izinombolo zocingo multiple nezinombolo zocingo eyengeziwe ngokuvamile ezigcinwe kuyo. Izimo ezinjalo unikeze kudivayisi SIM khadi. Oxhumana nayo bangagcinwa lilinganiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umsebenzisi ezama ukukopisha amarekhodi anjalo esikhathini "SIM card" isofthiwe yefoni lubahlukanise ku amarekhodi eziningana, ukulahla noma yiluphi ulwazi ukuthi akuyona inombolo yocingo.

Isibalo soxhumene nabo agciniwe nemilayezo incike le-SIM. onobuhle Early izogcina ephelele yemilayezo ezinhlanu futhi 20 oxhumana ngenkathi SIM khadi zanamuhla ngokuvamile ukugcina izinto ezingaphezu kuka-250.

Ikhadi le-SIM: idivayisi nezakhiwo

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukuthuthukiswa-SIM khadi babé ezincane, nokusebenza kwabo akuxhomekile ifomethi. Ukuze uthole ogcwele "Simcoe" kulandelwa mini-SIM, micro-SIM ne nano-SIM. Namuhla baze banikezwe ngisho afakwa kudivayisi.

Usayizi ogcwele le-SIM

Usayizi ogcwele SIM khadi (noma 1FF, 1st Isici sefomu) waba ngowokuqala Isici sefomu. It has usayizi lesikweletu (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Kamuva, ezincane "Sims" ngokuvamile edayiswa ogcwele esakhelwe ibalazwe, okuyindawo zingacindezelwa.

Mini-SIM

Map mini-SIM (noma 2FF) ube ilungiselelo contact efanayo kwiSIM khadi elisemhlanganweni egcwele, futhi ngokuvamile enikeziwe kule ogcwele adaptha enamathiselwe nalokho amalungu elihlangana. Leli cebo evumela ukusebenzisa kwayo ku-apharathasi begodu ezidinga ikhadi egcwele futhi idivayisi, okudinga mini-le-SIM (ngemva ukudabuka yokuxhuma izakhi). Kusukela esigcwele obuphelele "Simca" lisetshenziswa ayisekho, abanye abathengisi ushayele le standard ifomu isici noma avamile le-SIM.

Micro-SIM

Map micro-SIM (noma 3FF) has ukushuba efanayo futhi indawo oxhumana nabo, kodwa yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela obuphelele ezincane futhi ububanzi.

Micro-SIM format laqanjwa European Telecommunications Amazinga Institute (ETSI) ukufakwa amadivayisi ezincane kakhulu ngoba mini-le-SIM. Ifomu isici okukhulunywe ngaye 3GPP SMG9 UMTS iqembu ukusebenza, okuyinto umzimba ukuthi bahlele izimiso GSM-SIM, ngo-December 1998, futhi kamuva wavuma ekupheleni 2003.

Micro-SIM lwakhiwe for kungasebenziswa okudala. Inkinga eyinhloko kwaba endaweni contact chip. Ukulondoloza contact endaweni efanayo ivumela uhlelo micro-SIM kube iyahambisana langaphambilini, umfundi SIM-amakhadi emikhulu ngokusebenzisa namantombazane plastic. I-apharathasi wawuklanyelwe nokuba usebenze ngezinga elifanayo (5 MHz) njengenguqulo edlule. Usayizi ofanayo kanye nendawo oxhumana kwaholela tutorials eziningi, futhi amavidiyo we-YouTube iziqondiso eziningiliziwe mayelana nendlela ukusika mini-SIM-ikhadi ubukhulu micro-SIM. Nokho, leso sinyathelo ekhaya ngezinye izikhathi kuholela yokuthi ngenxa iSIM khadi ayifani kudivayisi noma baba yize.

Nano-SIM

Map nano-SIM (noma 4FF) yethulwa Okthoba 11, 2012, lapho mobile abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi emazweni ahlukahlukene baqala ukunikeza ke amafoni esekela lesi format. Nano-SIM unamahlangothi ka 12.3 × 8.8 × 0.67 mm kunciphe format odlule endaweni contact, ngenkathi sigcina imisebenzi ekhona. A usebe elincane nangokuvikela mabhodi ehlala endaweni contact ukugwema izifunda okufutshane. Nano-SIM has a ukushuba 0.67 mm kuqhathaniswa 0.76 mm ezazingaphambi kwayo. 4FF ikhadi zingafakwa ku-adaptha ukuze zisetshenziswe namadivayisi eyenzelwe-SIM khadi 2FF noma 3FF, futhi lokhu kwakuqinisa izacile, kodwa izinkampani eziningi ifoni musa batusa it.

IPhone 5, eyakhishwa ngo-September 2012, kwaba idivayisi yokuqala isebenzisa isebenze SIM khadi nano, okuyinto kwalandelwa nezinye izingcingo.

I oluzayo isizukulwane esisha-SIM khadi ngokuthi ESIM noma eSIM (embeddedSIM), okuyinto chip non-replaceable kuhlanganiswe INDODANA-8 iphakethe - soldered ngqo ibhodi wesifunda. It uzokwazi M2m futhi ukungena kokukude SIM-khadi.