Amayunithi kolwazi computer. Okuncane Imininingwane iyunithi

ubudala bethu zobuchwepheshe inezici lalo. With ukuthuthukiswa amakhompyutha electronic kubantu wavula skyline emangalisayo. Zikhona izindaba ezithakazelisayo zingatholakala ku Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele mahhala, ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya. Lena ukufohla kwezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa kungakanani ukwaziswa okungatholakala egcinwe kumemori ikhompyutha, kusetshenzwe futhi adluliselwa olude? Yini iyunithi ulwazi kwikhompyutha lapho? Futhi indlela ukubhekana nazo? Manje hhayi kuphela abantu abathintekayo ngqo ekulotshweni program e-computer, kodwa futhi abafundi abavamile badinga ukwazi izimpendulo zale mibuzo. Kuyinto ngesisekelo konke.

Incazelo yolwazi e computer science

Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ukwaziswa - kungcono zonke ulwazi bekhulisa kithi. Kodwa ngo-computer science kanye computer science, leli gama has a definition ukuhluka. Lona eyisisekelo zonke isayensi lwamakhompyutha electronic. Kungani oluyisisekelo? Ngoba ubuchwepheshe bama-computer IZINHLELO idatha, izitolo kanye ixhumana kubantu. Iyunithi ubuncane Imininingwane ibalwa izingcezu. Imininingwane egcinwe ku computer uma nje umsebenzisi akafuni ukubabona.

Sasebenzisa ukucabanga ukuthi ulwazi - iyunithi ulimi. Yebo, kuyiqiniso, kodwa ikhompyutha isebenzisa definition ezahlukene. Lolu lwazi mayelana nesimo, izici kanye nemingcele isimo esikuso izinto. Kusobala ukuthi lapho sifunda okwengeziwe ulwazi mayelana into noma mkhuba, siqaphela nakakhulu ukuthi ukuthi ukuqonda kwethu kubo kube muncu. Kodwa manje ngenxa yalesi ndathane imahhala futhi kufinyeleleka kusuka wonke amaphuzu ezweni izinto sekulula kakhulu ukufunda, abangane abasha, umsebenzi, unethezeke bese umane nje ukhombe ngophakathi ufunda izincwadi noma ukubukela amabhayisikobho.

Ngezinhlamvu isici ivolumu Imininingwane wokulinganisa

Ukuphrinta imibhalo umsebenzi, izihloko kwisayithi nokuthatha blog yakhe siqu kwi-Internet, singazi cabanga ukuthi exchange of idatha phakathi umsebenzisi kanye iningi yikhompyutha. Njengoba umshini uyakwazi ukuqonda imiyalo, kulokho ezitolo ifomu wonke amafayela? Ngo computer science, njengoba iyunithi Imininingwane wathola izingcezu engagcina binary code of amaqanda futhi abathandekayo. Ingqikithi yalo indlela ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama ukukala izinhlamvu umbhalo ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu. Kodwa musa uzibophele indlela ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama ngokuqukethwe umbhalo. Lezi yizinto ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Umthamo idatha wakhona Inani lezinhlamvu oyifakile. Lokhu kuphumela ukuthi isibonakaliso Imininingwane ngesisindo sezinti lwezinhlamvu kanambambili ilingana komunye kancane. Amayunithi kolwazi computer, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye izinyathelo. Bit - lena ubuncane kulinganiswa value.

Isici eningi kolwazi vyschityvaniya

Imininingwane Ukumeda kusekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela okungenzeka. Kulokhu sicabanga umbuzo kanjani ukwaziswa okuningi kuqukethwe umuntu uthola umyalezo. Lapha kule course theorem wezibalo leyehlukene. Ukuze abale umthamo isilinganiso materials zithathwa amafomula ezimbili ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi ematfuba umcimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlala iyunithi efanayo ulwazi computer science. Inkinga kokubala inani lezinhlamvu, ihluzo ku indlela omkhulu ithi ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana kuka ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama.

Izinhlobo zolwazi izinqubo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko izinqubo ungenelwe kwikhompuyutha electronic:

1. ngokucubungula ulwazi. kuyinto le nqubo kanjani? Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi kufakwa, kungakhathaliseki ikhibhodi, igundane optical, iphrinta, noma ezinye idivayisi, i-computer ithola ulwazi. Khona-ke iguqula wabayisa binary code futhi ubhala ku-idrayivu kanzima izingcezu, amabhayithi, wamamegabhayithi. Ukuhumusha noma yiluphi ulwazi amayunithi abe itafula computer, lapho ungakwazi ukubala malini kwelinye megabyte kancane, futhi wenze ezinye ukudluliselwa. I-computer enza konke ngokuzenzekela.
2. Ukugcina amafayela idatha kwimemori. Ikhompyutha uyakwazi ngekhanda yonke into ezihamba ngakubili. Ikhodi Binary ehlanganisa amaqanda futhi abathandekayo.
3. Omunye izinqubo osemqoka electronic ikhompyutha - ukudluliswa kwedatha. Wabuye ukwenziwa ezihamba ngakubili. Kodwa ulwazi sikrini kakade uhlamvu noma ezinye esivamile esiqonda ngayo fomu.

Imininingwane Coding, nesilinganiso nesilinganiso yayo

Iyunithi wathola ulwazi izingcezu, okulula ngokwanele ukuthi ungasebenza, ngoba kungaba ubambe ukubaluleka 0 noma 1. Njengoba ikhompyutha buqonda evamile izinombolo zamadesimali ku-binary code? Cabanga isampula elincane, ezichaza isimiso esephepheni ulwazi namakhompyutha.

Ake sithi ube inombolo calculus evamile - 233 . Ukuze kwisi ku kanambambili, kubalulekile ukuba wehlukanisa 2 kuze kube isikhathi lapho kuba lincane isihlukanisi (kithi - 2).

1. Ukuthola division 233/2 = 116. Balance eqoshiwe eceleni, kuyoba ingxenye impendulo ikhodi kanambambili. Esimweni sethu kuba 1.
2. Isenzo yesibili ukuba 116/2 = 58. Ingxenye elandelayo yaleli division - 0 - futhi ukubhala eceleni.
3. 58/2 = 29 ngaphandle okusele. Ungakhohlwa ukubhala phansi 0 izinhlamvu esezisele, ngoba, ngalahlekelwa elementi eyodwa kuphela, uthola i ezidlula ehluke ngokuphelele. Le khodi bazoqhubeka egcinwe kwi drive yekhompyutha yakho kanzima futhi kuyinto izingcezu - iyunithi ubuncane ulwazi kwikhompyutha. 8 ibanga kakade wakwazi kanjani ukubhekana nobuhlungu ukudluliswa izinombolo zamadesimali ku uhlobo kanambambili sibalo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
4. 29/2 = 14 okusele 1. yakhe bese ubhala eceleni amadijithi kanambambili kakade eyatholakala.
5. 14/2 = 7. Ingxenye elandelayo yaleli phiko 0.
6. Bekusele kancane nje ukuba, futhi i-binary code uzolunga. 7/2 = 3 nge okusele 1, irekhodi futhi impendulo ikhodi kanambambili esizayo.
7. 3/2 = 1 nge okusele 1. Leli rekhodi ekuphenduleni amayunithi ezimbili. Omunye - njengoba okusele, enye - njengoba inombolo wokugcina osele ukuthi akuyona sihlukaniswe ngu 2.

Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhumbule ukuthi impendulo kulotshiwe oda reverse. Okokuqala, uthole inombolo kanambambili izinyathelo kuqala kuyoba idijithi lokugcina yesibili - penultimate, nokunye. Impendulo yethu yokugcina - 11101001 .

Le nombolo kanambambili okubhalelwa inkumbulo computer futhi agcinwe kule fomu kuze kube isikhathi lapho umsebenzisi engafuni uyibuke kusuka esikrinini. Amabhithi, amabhayithi, wamamegabhayithi, GIGABYTES - iyunithi ulwazi computer science. Kuyinto kulezi amagugu kanye nedatha kanambambili agcinwe kwikhompyutha.

translation obuyela emuva izinombolo kusuka kanambambili uhlelo idesimali

Ukuze ukusebenza ukudluliselwa reverse amagugu kanambambili ohlelweni idesimali, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ifomula. Bala inombolo kwamadijithi ukubaluleka kanambambili kusukela 0. Esimweni sethu 8, kodwa uma siqala kusukela zero, khona-ke ugcina inombolo ngokulandelana 7. Manje kumelwe idijithi ikhodi ngalinye iphindwe 2 emandleni 7, 6, 5, ..., 0.

^{* 2 7 1 + 1 * 2} 6 +1 * 2 5 + 0 * 2 4 +1 * 2 3 + 0 * 2 2 + 0 * 2 1 + 1 * 2 0 = 233 . Yilokho imbewu yethu, okuyinto sathathwa ngaphambi ukudluliswa e ikhodi kanambambili.

Manje uyazi okushiwo ulwazi ikhodi kudivayisi Computing kanye ubuncane Imininingwane isitoreji ngesilinganiso.

Iyunithi ubuncane kolwazi: Incazelo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukubaluleka aphansi ubhekwa nesilinganiso Imininingwane izingcezu. Leli gama livela isiNgisi, elihunyushwe kusho "idijithi kanambambili". Uma ubheka lesi silinganiso, ngakolunye uhlangothi, singasho ukuthi lokhu yeseli imemori amakhompyutha electronic, okuyinto kugcinwa ngesimo 0 noma 1. Izingcezu kungenziwa zihunyushelwe amabhayithi, wamamegabhayithi, futhi izinto eziningi ngisho emikhulu yolwazi. ikhompyutha Electronic uqobo wahlanganyela lezo zinqubo, uma ekulondolozeni ikhodi kanambambili ezisenkumbulweni idrayivu kanzima.

Abanye abasebenzisi computer kungenzeka ufuna ngesandla futhi ngokushesha ukuhumusha izinyathelo kolwazi digital komunye. Ngezinhloso ezinjalo, yokubala inthanethi zenzelwe, bayofeza lo msebenzi wesibili, lapho ngesandla esasichitha isikhathi esiningi.

Amayunithi kolwazi isayensi: itafula yamanani

Ezamakhompiyutha, flash oshayelayo namanye amadivayisi inkumbulo futhi i-information processing kuhluke wememori, ngokuvamile ebalwa gigabytes. Kuyadingeka ukuba sibheke main etafuleni amagugu ukubona comparability kolwazi eyodwa e-computer isayensi e sinyuka oda ezisukela enkulungwaneni yesibili.

Ukusebenzisa esiphezulu Imininingwane iyunithi

Esikhathini sethu, ngezinga elithile lemali Imininingwane ebizwe yottabaytom, ohlela ukuwusebenzisa ngayo lo National Security Agency ukuze ukugcina zonke alalelwayo video idatha etholakele ezindaweni zomphakathi lapho wevidiyo ne microphone. Ngalesi yottabayty iphuzu - iyunithi elikhulu ulwazi kwikhompyutha. Lona umkhawulo? Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu uzokwazi nimphendule olunembile njengamanje.