Amalungu wokugaya komuntu

Amalungu okugaya komuntu enza omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yenyama yakhe: badla ukudla, aguqula amandla, akhiphe izakhi futhi asuse imfucuza emisebenzini ebalulekile yomzimba. Qaphela ukuthi yonke le misebenzi ihambisana ngokusebenza kwamanye amahlelo ezitho zomsebenzi asebenza ngendlela ehlelekile. Isibonelo, ngenkathi yokugaya inendima ebalulekile idlalwe yizingxenye zesistimu yokujikeleza kwabantu - zinikezwa ngokugcwele uhlelo lonke lokugaya ukudla. Ngempela, yigazi elithola izinto zokudla futhi liwalithwale kuwo wonke umzimba.

Izitho zomzimba zokugaya zingahlukana zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - eziyisisekelo nezisizayo. Okuyinhloko yilezo ezihlobene ngokuqondile nokwamukelwa, ukugaya nokuhoxiswa kokudla okuvela emzimbeni. Kumsizi kukhona ama- glands (i-salivary ne-pancreatic), isibindi, isilonda senyongo. Lezi zitho zokugaya komuntu zihlanganisa lezi zinzyme, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo yokugaya ingeke ibe khona.

Isakhiwo somzimba wokugaya umzimba sinzima kakhulu, okubangelwa imisebenzi yabo. Uqala uhlelo lokugaya emlonyeni - lapha kukhona ukucubungula okuyinhloko kokudla kwamazinyo namathe. I-sali isabelwe izigcawu ze-parotidi, ezilinganiselwe kanye nezi-submandibular ze-salivary. Ngosizo lwe-enzyme oluqukethwe ematheni, ukudla kuqala ukugaya kakade emgodini womlomo - inqubo okuthiwa i-hydrolysis yokuqala yokugaya ama-carbohydrate. Khona-ke ukudla kungena emphinjeni, bese lapho ungena khona. I-esophagus iyishubhu elide elixhuma emnyango wesisu nge- pylorus-muscle, okuvimbela ukudla ukuthi uphonswe emuva emgodini. Ngokujwayelekile le ndawo isathuthukiswa kahle ezinganeni, ezivamise ukuphindaphindiwe ngomthombo oguquguqukayo.

Ukungena esiswini, ukudla kudlula esigabeni esilandelayo sokugaya. Lapha kukhona i- hydrolysis yamaprotheni futhi kancane kancane. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokugaya idlulile ngokweqile futhi ngokugcwele, izindonga zesisu zivikela amakhemikhali e-digestive akhethekile, njenge-hydrochloric acid, njll. Ngaphandle kwesisu, ama-enzyme ayakhululwa futhi ama-pancreas anezinsiza. Ngemuva kokuthi ukudla kudlule ukwelashwa okudingekayo esiswini, kudlula emathunjini.

Umathumbu omncane ungomunye umzimba omba ukudla. I-duodenum ithatha ukudla ngokuqondile esiswini futhi ilapha ukuthi amaningi amanoni agcwele ama-enzyme e-gallbladder, okuyinto evuleka ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.

Amathumbu amancane ahambisa ukudla okuqhubekayo, sonke isikhathi esilucubungula nge-chyme - into ekhethekile. Isiteji sokugcina sokugaya ukudla kwezinto ezithinta ukugaya inyama kwenzeka emangqamuzaneni amangqamuzana amathumbu amancane - ama-enterocytes. Lapha, i-oligosaccharides, i-amino acid, i-monosaccharides, ama-fatty acids afakwa egazini. Izinsalela zokudla, ezingenakugaya, zidlule emathunjini amakhulu. Kodwa ukuhlukanisa nokumuncwa emathunjini amakhulu akukwenzeka, kepha ukudla kukhululekile emanzini. Ukudla okugqinsiwe kancane kancane kuyaguquka. Ngesikhathi sokufinyelela emaspini - isisindo esinyene sezindandatho, ukuxosha umfutho ngaphandle kwe-sphincter - ukucindezela okukhulu emasongeni emathumbu futhi kubangele umuzwa wokuhlukumeza.

Izitho zomzimba zokugaya ziyisimiso esimangalisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abasengozini kakhulu. Okuningi kuxhomeke ekutheni ukudla kudliwe. Ngeshwa, izakhamuzi zamadolobha zivame ukudla ukudla okusheshayo, ezihlwabusayo (ngenxa yezihlanganisi zokunambitheka), kodwa ezingenasidingo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudla okulimazayo. Ngisho namaGreki asendulo - abahlakaniphile abaqaphelayo - bathi: "Siyilokho esikudlayo," kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokudla empilweni yomuntu. Kubalulekile ukucabanga mayelana ...