Amafa yamanje, essence yabo kanye nokuhlaziywa

Lokho kuhlanganisa nombono wokuthi "izimpahla zamanje"? Libhekisela lonke mass yemali kwentuthuko ukudalwa nokusakazwa izimali kanye yokukhiqiza izimali ezikhanyisayo ezinikeza besifunda sabo okuqhubekayo. Ukuze uzwisise imvelo lezi zimpahla kumele kahle siqonde injongo yayo kanye ukunyakaza kule nkampani. Ngo wesifunda uchungechunge izimpahla zamanje kukhona 3 izigaba: imali, yokusungula, lezimpahla.

Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukuzungeza yemali, lapho ushintsho kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela imali enzelwe ukukhiqiza. ukukhuluma Cishe, ibhizinisi ozuza izinto zomsebenzi (futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa) futhi izindlela zomsebenzi (isevisi ukuphila kuze kube unyaka 1).

isigaba Sizuzise kuhilela phambili ukubaluleka adalwe ekukhiqizeni, kodwa hhayi ngokugcwele, futhi inani yokusungula yokuqothulwa. Kuleli qophelo, kwakheka oqhubekayo futhi kukhona kusengaphambili e zabasebenzi (inkokhelo) futhi ingxenye ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi.

Ngezinye isinyathelo lezimpahla eqhubeka ethuthuka yokugcina umsebenzi umkhiqizo (umkhiqizo eseqedile). Ngaphambili, ukusebenza dolobha kwentuthuko kuthiwa ibuyiselwe kusukela ukuqhutshwa kuphela okwamanje lapho ifomu lezimpahla lenani wadala iguqulwe ibe imali, kodwa uma sikubeka kalula, ngesikhathi yokuthengisa. Okuncane kulinganiselwa lemali adingekayo ekusebenzeni amabhizinisi, kuyinsakavukela ezimisiwe afundwa amafa.

Njengoba noma yimuphi umsebenzi elikhiqizayo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenza nosayizi, analysis eningiliziwe inkampani izimpahla zamanje kudlala indima eyinhloko kule control zokuphatha kwebhizinisi ukuqeqesheka.

Zonke izimpahla zamanje (iselula lamanje) lenkampani ziboniswe balance sheet, okungukuthi, esigabeni yayo yesibili. Ukuhlaziywa ngokuvamile iqala Ukubuthelela amafa, kuye ngezinga of impahla ibe yimali. Ngo inqubo behlukanisa izimpahla zamanje zabiwa ngokuvumelana nemingcele:

- lwenteke kalula kakhulu, okuyinto ngezinga aphansi engozini ngokuya zezimali zabo. Lezi zimpahla zihlanganisa imali, amasheya, amanothi promissory;

- amafa izothandwa, okuyinto ngezinga elithile eliphansi ingozi. Lezi zihlanganisa: akhawunti counterparties Iyatholakala, nge isimo sezimali ezinzile, zonke ezikhona (ngaphandle lidala), imikhiqizo siphelile of ukufuneka kakhulu;

- amafa ukuthi abe izinga eliphakeme zezimali. Lezi zihlanganisa imikhiqizo sidle futhi aqede kokuba ngezinhloso zezimboni;

- uketshezi oluncane (illiquid) izimpahla zamanje nge ngezinga eliphezulu Ukuqaphela ingozi. Lezi zihlanganisa: kwemithombo yezinto amadala, ama-akhawunti counterparties Iyatholakala kokuba obumbi wezimali, imikhiqizo siphelile nezidingo ongaphakeme.

Phakathi ukuhlaziywa ucubungula Dynamics ubudlelwane amafa illiquid nazo zonke izimpahla zamanje. Ukwandisa isilinganiso sikhombisa ukwehla zezimali. Ukuze ngo-ejulile analysis ukwakheka umsebenzi oqhubekayo, yokusungula, impahla eqeda ezinhlobo kanye amamaki.

Ukuhlaziya inzuzo amafa afundwa kumele kwenziwe njalo. izinkomba Jikelele inzuzo yilezi:

- inzuzo ratio, ebalwa njengoba isilinganiso semali engenayo isilinganiso amafa Imininingwane okwesikhathi esithile;

- inzuzo isikhathi esibaliwe isilinganiso yesamba ibhalansi isilinganiso amafa usuku imali isikhathi.

A inkomba ukwanda ngejubane kuqhathaniswa izinkathi odlule, njengoba kufakazelwa ekukhuleni ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo lezi zimpahla.