Alkali - lokhu base noma cha? Yiziphi impahla yayo?

Yini acid noma usawoti eyaziwa yalo, kahle kakhulu. Kunzima ukuthola umuntu engabambelele ibhodlela uviniga noma ngalo empilweni ukudla, ngaphandle okuyinto cishe noma yikuphi ukudla kubonakala fresh futhi kunganambitheki. Kodwa lokho yabahlanzi? Lokhu kuyafana base, noma cha? Yini eyenza ihluke kusukela acid? Imibuzo enjalo kungaba isiqu ubani, futhi ngenxa yalokho futhi sizivumele ukuba uvuselele ulwazi ukuthi enanikade esikoleni.

Alkali - Iyini?

Okokuqala, lesi sithako metal ngamanzi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi hydroxides. Ingqikithi yalolu hlobo, le ammonium, alikhali noma ane-alikhali emhlabeni metal, is njengenhlangano alikhali ezaziwayo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, base - iyona electrolyte, ezazihlanganisa, ngaphezu ion hydroxide (OH ^-), akekho omunye anions. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi alikhali - yiliphi base encibilikayo. Ukuze wakhe owakho hydroxide metal onjalo subgroups Ia futhi IIa (labo abafika emuva calcium). Izibonelo compounds ingaba sodium yabahlanzi (NaOH ifomula), i-sodium bariat (Ba (OH) _2), i-potassium hydroxide (Koh), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), njll Zimelela into esiqinile white, izimpawu hygroscopicity okusezingeni eliphezulu.

izakhiwo alkalis

Ukuhlakazwa emanzini compounds enjalo ihambisana eside ukushisa isizukulwane. Ngo Iqembu Ia alikhali eziqine - a hydroxide cesium kanye Iqembu IIa - hydroxide Radium. Isibonelo salolu hlobo uxhumano obuthaka angazinikela ukukhonza ammonia kanye slaked lime. alkalis Caustic kukhona oncibilikayo ethanol futhi methanol. In the state okuqinile zonke lezi izinto zimunce amanzi emoyeni ne-carbon dioxide futhi kancane siguqulelwa carbonates. Impahla obaluleke kunayo alikhali wukuthi ngenxa yokusabela yayo ne usawoti acid kwakhiwa - lesi sici ngokuvamile kakhulu obusetshenziswa embonini. Ngalezi uxhumano izophela kagesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba electrolyte. Njengoba yenziwe usebenzisa electrolysis ka chloride alikhali noma ukusabela oxides of izinsimbi alikhali ngamanzi. Imboni ngokuvamile isebenzisa indlela yokuqala futhi elesibili isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza lime slaked. Endaweni ane-alikhali, ancibilikisa izinhlayiyana amafutha, futhi lokhu impahla kabanzi lisetshenziswe ekwenzeni insipho. Inani elisekela ongabhubhisa isitshalo futhi isilwane kwezicubu, obulimaza isikhumba, ababhubhise izingubo. Alkalies kungaba asabela ezisansimbi ezithile (isb aluminium), futhi bayakwazi ukuvikela steel kusuka ukugqwala. Ziyakwazi ukumelana ukuba ukushisa - sodium hydroxide kungenziwa elicibilikile alethwe ngamathumba, kodwa ngeke ukubola. Lezi zihluke kakhulu izisekelo alikhali zingaxazululeki, ezinye zazo (isibonelo, hydroxide esiliva) ubola ngisho emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Kanye acid, lezi izinto zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu futhi izimfuno eliphezulu ngesimo izincomo zokuphepha. Ukuvikela amehlo uma usebenza ngensipho ye-lye ngokuvamile ukugqoka izibuko. Ukugcina kwabo uvunyelwe kuphela ezitsheni ezikhethekile - ukuphuza isitsha ngeke ilingane.