Adume Petersburg abaculi Sibutsetelo lokusungula

abaculi abadumile Petersburg 19-21 eminyaka aba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kuphela yasekhaya kodwa futhi isiko emhlabeni wonkana. Imisebenzi yabo ethandwa hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemazweni e-United States. School eNyakatho dolobha yezwe lethu unamagama amaningi owaziwa abaculi. Lokhu kubuyekeza kunomkhawulo isici esivelele kunazo zonke lokusungula futhi owaziwa wabo.

Izici ubudala

abaculi abadumile Petersburg kwekhulu le-19 kwakhiwa ngesisekelo emasikweni Academy of Arts, eyasungulwa ngo-engxenyeni kwekhulu le-18 yesibili. Lesi sikole singisize esadlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yamasiko inhloko-dolobha yombuso. It is kakhulu waboleka ekufezeni amakhosi Western Europe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo Inhloso yayo kwaba imfundo nokuqeqeshwa ithalente kazwelonke: Okugweda, abadwebi kanye abakhi. I-Academy buvezwa ukuthuthukiswa ezobuciko. Lokhu lula iqiniso lokuthi Lesakhiwo isibaluli Ministry of Education, kanye nombusi esigodlweni. Akazange uhlangabezana nobunzima nge izimali abafundi bayo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ezaholela indawo evumayo sokuthuthukiswa imidwebo.

Ubuciko

abaculi Petersburg odumile abangu ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne Academy. Ngokwesibonelo, odumile umculi KP Bryullov wafundisa ngalesi sikhungo isikhathi esithile. Wamiswa likaprofesa nokuba aphathe isigaba zezemfundo. Ukuze kwesikhathi kusuka 1836 kuya 1849 zaba Petersburg inkathi yomsebenzi wakhe. Khona-ke bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye wavuma master sibonga ifilimu "The Last Day yasePompeii", okuyinto kwaba impumelelo enkulu emazweni Western Europe kanye umdwebi benza usaziwayo yangempela.

Enhloko-dolobha, wayefundiswe ukubhala imidwebo omkhulukazi on isihloko umlando Russian lasendulo. Njengoba ngesakhiwo ladliwa isiqeshana ukuvinjezelwa Pskov Polish King ngo-1581. Indwangu awukapheli, naphezu ukulungiselelwa ngokucophelela futhi umsebenzi onzima owenziwa umlobi kuso.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye master wavuma we ekumeni okungokomthetho ekamelweni. Wabhala eziningana izithombe ababephila ngesikhathi abavelele: imbongi Zhukovsky, wemidlalo, puppeteer, fabulist Krylov. Nokho, umlobi isidlulile ngendlela enzima kusukela portrait elikhanyayo avumelanayo izithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi sengqondweni ngempela, njengoba kwenza abadumile self-portrait yakhe.

Repin

abaculi abadumile Petersburg baba abaculi esivelele isikhathi sakhe, baye nomthelela okuningi ekuthuthukiseni imidwebo. Lokho Repin libhekisela kulabo abalobi. iminyaka 1863-1871 kwaba isikhathi sokuqala Petersburg art. Recognized njengokaputeni okwangempela, wabhala ku ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa isici sobuntu umsebenzi wakhe Ukuthi wayenamadodakazi ngisho imidwebo yakhe zomlando njalo wahlala umculi besikhathi sethu, kunciphisa ibanga phakathi izilaleli futhi esikhathini esidlule. Kule nkathi yomsebenzi wakhe, wadala Umdwebo yakhe edumile ethi "Barge Haulers phezu iVolga". Sigaba Petersburg yomsebenzi wakhe wesibili esenzeka eminyakeni 1882-1900, lapho ebhala imidwebo zomlando abaye baba kweqiniso yobuciko umdwebo. Phakathi kwabo kufanele ngokuthi "Ivan le Kubi neNdodana yakhe." Wabuye zaveza ekumeni, isibonelo, Umdwebo abadumile esibonisa umngane wakhe Garshina.

Nenkathi yamaSoviet

abaculi abadumile Petersburg kwekhulu lama-20 baqhubeka emasikweni esikoleni zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe eningi ukuthuthukiswa entsha e Umdwebo yasekhaya. Akwaziwa iwumsebenzi N. Timkova, umculi Soviet owayesebenza ikakhulukazi uhlobo landscape. Kodwa isikhathi sokuqala elihlobene ne-ukudalwa uchungechunge imidwebo anikezelwe Leningrad phama, evikela kuyo Wathatha ingxenye. Enye umdwebi - Osipov uye wazinikela ngokudala imidwebo elihlobene ne izigcawu yendabuko kusuka emlandweni Russian. Omunye imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke kwaba Umdwebo "Indlu nge lwaleli."

Isigaba yesimanje

abaculi abadumile Petersburg kwekhulu lama-21 owaziwa bantfu eliveni lakitsi kanye phesheya kahle. Uhlobo kanye imidwebo zomlando , wabhala O. Eremeev. Enye umdwebi yesimanje V Bratanyuk abazinikezele umsebenzi wakhe ikakhulukazi izibalo ezigcawugcawu. I aziwayo kakhulu imidwebo yakhe, okuyinto ebonisa ballerina. Lezi imidwebo imibala amahle egqamile futhi sibalo ngomusa. Ngakho, lo odumile Petersburg abaculi negalelo elikhulu kuya nakumasiko yezwe nezwe.