Administration izidakamizwa: indlela. Administration izidakamizwa ngetindlela letehlukene: ngebuhle nebubi

izidakamizwa zokwelapha emzimbeni angawa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izindlela kwezidakamizwa ukuphatha izinga kunqunywa nomphumela oqabulayo, namandla aso kanye nesikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, le indlela izidakamizwa angena emzimbeni kuncike imvelo yezenzo zakhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho sethu sokutakula. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izindlela eziyisisekelo kwezokuphatha temlomo izidakamizwa, futhi ngamunye wabo, ubuhle nobubi bayo. Ngaphambi uthole ukuthi yini indlela yokuphathwa akhethiwe, kudingeka wazi kahle ukuthi ifomu kwemithi khona.

Amafomu eyinhloko izidakamizwa

Ngaphambi nekuchaza eya yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni, kudingeka azi ukuthi uluphi uhlobo izidakamizwa bakhona, futhi ziningi:

• Solutions - kuyinto ewuketshezi zomuthi. Zimelela ketshezi izidakamizwa buhlanjululwe ngamanzi, utshwala, glycerine noma ezinye kuphela. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhwalithi isixazululo engonakalisiwe kumele kube sobala, akukho inzika udaka noma izinhlayiya angaphandle. Zingase ingasetshenziswa kokubili abaphathi parenteral futhi enteral.
• Iziphungo kanye infusions - lezi zimali uzilungiselele ezitshalweni. Kodwa kuwufanele ekhumbula ukuthi ingangeni egcinwe okwesikhathi eside, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 3 izinsuku endaweni epholile, uvikelekile ezintweni elangeni.
• Tablets - okuqinile ifomu amalungiselelo okuyinto etholakala ngokucindezela. Ngokuyinhloko, ezithathwe ngomlomo, kodwa unga kanye indlela yangaphandle yokuphuza imithi uma bachotshozwe lube impuphu.

• Dragee - kungenye ezihlukahlukene amafomu esiqinile okwelapha ejenti, ziyadalwa ngu laminating material base phezu granule. Isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ngomlomo.
• Amaphilisi Abonayo - ifomu okuqinile zomuthi, ithebhulethi camera negobolondo gelatin noma ezinye izinto. Ezimweni eziningi, le izidakamizwa ebiyelwe amaphilisi nge ukunambitheka ababayo noma isici nephunga igobolondo ngenxa lula kakhulu yokwamukela ngalezi zindlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela nawe ukuvikela impahla ekubhujisweni okusheshayo e ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.
• Amakhandlela - ifomu Isikali zomuthi, okuyinto ekamelweni lokushisa ungaphakathi ifomu okuqinile, kodwa Incibilikile ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu. Uma sicabangela nokuphathwa ukuthaka imithi, izindlela amakhandlela ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izinhlobo ezimbili - i-rectal futhi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Usimende - ifomu plastic kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa umzimba wathamba futhi kalula Unamathela isikhumba. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa yangaphandle kuphela.
• Yokugcoba - esebenzisa ukuvumelana viscous, isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko zokusebenza ongaphandle. Kufanele aqukethe e ngezithako zawo-25% ukudla okuqinile.

Kukhona imizila eziningana abaphathi izidakamizwa, sihlolisise ngamunye wabo.

Izinhlobo enteral

umzila enteral yokuphathwa izidakamizwa ubhekwa elula kunazo futhi iphephile. Kukhona zenyathi eziningana izindlela: temlomo, sublingual, rectal.

1. Ukuphatha Oral zomuthi, ngamanye amazwi, ukungenisa - lena eyodwa yezindlela elula, yingakho uvame ebekwe odokotela abaningi. Absorption izidakamizwa, wathola ngale ndlela, kuba ngokuyinhloko okusheshayo emathunjini amancane, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile - esiswini. umphumela Isicelo ephawuleka emva kwemizuzu 30-40. Lona isizathu indlela enjalo eziphuthumayo asifanele. Ijubane ukuphelela ukumuncwa kuxhomeke ukudla, ukubunjwa yayo kanye nobungako. Ngakho, uma imithi baphuze esiswini esingenalutho, ukumuncwa kuyathuthuka lezisekelo ababuthakathaka, njengoba asidi esiswini liphansi, kodwa acid is kangcono amuncwa ngemva ukungenisa. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izidakamizwa, njengokuthi "calcium chloride" olunceleka umzimba ngemva kokungenisa, bangase bafinyelele zingaxazululeki calcium nosawoti, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo kungenzeka ukumuncwa abo aba yigazi.

2. Enye indlela elula futhi ngempumelelo yokuphathwa enteral izidakamizwa - sublingual. Umuthi ibekwe ngaphansi kolimi, sibonga inethiwekhi enkulu capillary ku mucosa, it is kugaywe ngokushesha okukhulu. Umthelela kwenzeka phakathi nemizuzu embalwa. Le ndlela yokuphathwa uvame esetshenziswa sokusebenzisa "nitroglycerin" angina "clonidine" futhi "Nifedipine" ngoba ekuqedeni crisis abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

3. Umzila rectal alisetshenziswa ngokuvamile kakhulu. Ngokuyisisekelo isetshenziswa uma isiguli nezifo zesisu, noma uma aquleke.

ekuphathweni enteral: ngebuhle nebubi

Zonke izindlela izidakamizwa abaphathi, kunezimo zabo, nazo ziba enteral ube:

• Izinto Zibe Lula Futhi lula ukusetshenziswa.
• Revalina s temat.
• Ukuphepha isihlobo isiguli.
• It aludingi zokuqapha inzalo ngu nabezokwelapha.
• The kungenzeka yokwelapha eside.
• Induduzo nesineke.

Kodwa kukhona nemibi umzila enteral yokuphathwa izidakamizwa:

• Umthelela kuhamba kancane.
• bioavailability okuphansi.
• isivinini okwehlukene ukuphelela ukumuncwa.
• Umthelela impuphu kanye nezinye izingxenye ku inqubo ukuncela.
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa iziguli e sisesimweni sokungazi lutho.
• Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa iziguli izifo ze-isisu namathumbu.

Amafomu yokuphathwa parenteral izidakamizwa

Umzila parenteral yokuphathwa izidakamizwa kuhilela ukuphatha izidakamizwa ngaphandle ezihilela inqubo isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

Indwangu:

• Intradermally - Le ndlela ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ngezinhloso zokuxilonga, isibonelo i-njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile ukuhlolwa Burne noma izinzwa wendawo.
• Sc - isetshenziswa uma ufuna ukuthola umphumela esiphezulu zomuthi. Lokhu kufezwa ngoba ongama amafutha ungqimba unikezwa izitsha kahle, futhi-ke ikhuthaza ukumuncwa okusheshayo.
• Intramuscularly - isetshenziswa lapho umjovo ongama kubangela ukucasuka noma ubuhlungu, kanye izidakamizwa ngokwayo kancane matasa.

• Intraosseous - kusetshenziswa le ndlela njalo, ikakhulukazi ukusha okukhulu esitho ukusonteka lapho ezinye izinketho ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.

Uma kufanele izidakamizwa abaphathi, indlela ngokusebenzisa izitsha zimi kanje:

• IV - Le ndlela isetjentiselwa kwetfula inqwaba izidakamizwa ezinye izidakamizwa ukuthi kudingeka ezifana ukusetshenziswa.

• Intraarterially - isicelo izimo esibulalayo, okuyinto zibangelwa ukushaqeka, ukulahlekelwa emikhulu yegazi, asphyxia, electrocution ukuhlukumezeka, ukudakwa kanye nezifo.
• I-lymph - kusetshenziswa le ndlela yokwenza imithi musa ukuwela isibindi kanye nezinso, ukunikeza hits esinembile kusayithi kokugqashuka isifo.

Akukhona njalo elula ukuphatha intravascular izidakamizwa, kungaholela indlela futhi ngalo ingaphakathi:

• Pleural.
• Besisu.
• Inhliziyo.
• Articular.

ekuphathweni Parenteral: ngobuhle nangobubi bawo

ekuphathweni Parenteral kunezinzuzo eziningana:

• Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukwethula izidakamizwa ukundlula ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu iziguli pathologies ezibucayi esiswini.
• Ijubane isenzo esidingekile esimweni esiphuthumayo.
• Umkhawulo nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa ukunemba.
• Irisidi zomuthi emgudwini wegazi ngefomu zinjalo.

Umzila parenteral kokuphathwa ukuthaka imithi has bokwenza eziningana:

• izidakamizwa okuphoqelekile kumele kuphethwe lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe.
• Kuyadingeka ukuhambisana aseptic kanye isinqandakuvunda.
• Ubunzima kanye yokuphuza imithi ngisho ezingenakwenzeka ukopha izilonda zesikhumba kusayithi umjovo.

ephefumula

umzila imuncwe yokuphathwa izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni aerosols, amagesi (antiseptics oluyingozi) kanye izimpushana (i-sodium cromoglycate). Nale ndlela nokuphathwa izidakamizwa ukuze uthole ngaphakathi ngokushesha futhi asebenzise imiphumela yabo zokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kube lula kuyinto ukuphathwa ejenti lokuhlushwa igazi - the ukumisa ephefumula kuholela ukumiswa izidakamizwa. Nge ephefumula aerosol lokuhlushwa kusho bronchi eliphezulu kakhulu nge sakugcina umphumela letindzala.

Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ephefumula ukuba sisebenze, kunamaphuzu ayivumeli ukusebenzisa ezizihluphayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mithi imuncwe singathonya abanye (isib, izinzwa).

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi ezibonisa ukuthi uhogele

Siyaqhubeka izindlela izidakamizwa abaphathi. Emihle nemibi indlela futhi ephefumula. ephefumula pluses:

• It ku zokugula indawo usebenza ngqo.
• Umuthi kalula ukungena kusayithi ukuvuvukala, isibindi sihamba angashintshiwe esibangela lokuhlushwa kwaso okukhulu esikhathini igazi.

ephefumula nebubi:

• Uma kanzima kahle patency bronchial, umuthi lingena kahle ku isayithi isifo.
• I ukwakhiwa bangacasulana ekhaleni, emlonyeni nasemphinjeni.

Umzila main yokuphathwa izidakamizwa kubhekwe, kodwa kukhona abanye nabo kwezinye izimo bangaba esisemqoka.

imizila Rectal, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye urethral yokuphathwa

Uma siqhathanisa indlela rectal yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa nokuphathwa ngomlomo, kungenzeka ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi umphumela indlela yokuqala kwenzeka ngokushesha okungaka. Umuthi ngokushesha angena egazini ngaphandle singabhujiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphansi isenzo enzyme of ipheshana wokugaya ukudla futhi isibindi.

suppositories Rectal iqondiswa emzimbeni yokugcoba, nezinye izinhlobo amalungiselelo, ngaphambili ziyacolwa futhi buhlanjululwe, kulokhu enemas. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhambi owethulwa rectally, uyoba nemiphumela ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho lekhandlela. Lokufuduka enemas for omdala ml 50 kuya ku-100, futhi izingane - kusuka 10 kuya 30 ml. Kodwa le ndlela yokukhuluma izidakamizwa ekuphathweni kukhona nemibi:

• isicelo esingesihle.
• Special kwamanani okuhwebelana nesithombe ephelele ukuncela.

Yingakho umzila rectal yokuphathwa Kunconywa kuphela ezimweni lapho abaphathi temlomo luyindida uma udinga hit izidakamizwa ngokushesha bungene egazini senze imijovo contraindicated ngasizathu simbe noma enye.

Kwesitho sangasese nezindlela urethral uvumele ukwethula nganoma imaphi amalungiselelo fomu. Nokho, kokubili izindlela kube nemiphumela ekahle kakhulu lapho isetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo kulezi zitho noma uphethwe, ngokwesibonelo ngokwengamela Ngokuphambene ejenti, njengokuthi "yodamid" "Triombrast" nabanye.

umzila umgogodla futhi intracranial yokuphathwa

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu ukusebenzisa intracranial spinal (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, njll) umjovo. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokuthi izindlela ezinjalo ukwethula izidakamizwa kufanele wakufanelekela kuphela. izindlela ezinjalo ezidinga ukusetshenziswa oyinyumba kuphela, okusobala ngokuphelele izixazululo kweqiniso aqueous ne ukusabela hlangothi. Isenzo iza ngokushesha.

Transdermal izinhlelo zokwelapha

Ezikhathini zamuva kukhona izidakamizwa ngendlela entsha. Transdermal izinhlelo zokwelapha (TTS) - omunye wabo. Ziyakwazi elithambile, ngomthamo ifomu aguqulelwe lokusebenza lwangaphandle ukuze ukukhululwa kancane efana izidakamizwa. TTC Modern - lokhu ifilimu, kanye nezimagqabhagqabha eyayenziwe usebenzisa ubuciko nobuchwepheshe futhi kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa: isichibi banamathela esikhumbeni futhi ifilimu walala esihlathini. Kulokhu ketshezi eyisisekelo angena egazini ngesikhumba noma mucosa.

Odokotela abaningi emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni yamuva nje futhi pay ukunaka ngokwengeziwe indlela yakamuva ukuphatha izidakamizwa. Ngebuhle nebubi wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise futhi TTC. Cabanga pluses:

• Medicine isebenza ngezinga esasizosheshisa.
• Umuthi olunceleka kancane egazini bengaphumuli, okuyinto livumela ezingeni ozinzile-material base.
• emizweni ezingemnandi bayakhishwa ngokuphelele, lokhu kusebenza futhi retching, futhi ubuhlungu kusukela imijovo.
• Ukungabikho ephelele nemiphumela emibi kuyingxenye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.
• Ukunciphisa ukuvama yokungezwani komzimba.
• The kungenzeka zokuqaleka ngokushesha izidakamizwa, bheka, nanko kukhona contraindication.
• Umthamo ngqo.
• Ithuba ukhombe ukulethwa imithi engxenyeni ofiselekayo zomzimba.

Ngamunye nemizila echazwe yokuphathwa izidakamizwa has izinzuzo zalo siqu kanye nebubi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okuhle kwaba indlela, into esemqoka ukuthi kufanele ubeke udokotela, futhi kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezingavamile yokuphathwa eyenziwa umuntu abaqeqeshiwe endaweni isikhungo sokwelapha. Zinakekele, ukuze isidingo sokuthi ucabange, yini indlela ukuletha izidakamizwa emzimbeni.