Yiziphi nezixhumi of hard drive?

Hard disk - "ibhokisi" elula encane ngengqondo eligcina izindodla ulwazi kwikhompyutha anoma yimuphi umsebenzisi yesimanje.

Kuyinto enjalo, kubonakala kusukela ngaphandle: ayinzima Bagatelle ngokwanele. Bambalwa uma uqopha, nokusula, ukukopisha, nezinye izenzo ngamafayela ebaluleke obuhlukahlukene Uzindla drive kanzima isimiso computer ukuxhumana. Futhi uma ngqo - ngokuqondile umbadlana uqobo.

Njengoba lezi zingxenye axhunyiwe ku umsebenzi olulodwa bushelelezi, kuhlelwe kanjani idrayivu kanzima ngokwayo, okuyinto ukuxhuma nezixhumi, bese lokho ngamunye wabo - iyona ulwazi olusemqoka mayelana evamile zonke yesitoreji idatha.

HDD esibonakalayo

Ithi leli gama lingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi ukuxhumana-hard drive kuya umbadlana. Igama kakhulu efanayo kunencazelo ebanzi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo esibonakalayo. Kulokhu, lisho ingxenye enikeza indlela nokuxhumana womuntu ngesofthiwe (kusebenziseka kalula "friendly" design).

Nokho yokungezwani esibonakalayo esibonakalayo. Endabeni le HDD futhi umbadlana akuyona graphic design emnandi umsebenzisi, futhi iqoqo olukhethekile imigqa ukuthumela idatha yezifiso. Ukuze nomunye, lezi zingxenye axhunyiwe nge imigqa - ukuze imibono ikhebula both qeda. Ziklanyelwe ukuba ukuxhuma itheku elisogwini drive kanzima futhi umbadlana.

Ngamanye amazwi, wonke esibonakalayo kulezi amadivaysi - izintambo ezimbili. Omunye ixhuma ku-hard drive amandla isixhumi esiphethweni esisodwa futhi amandla kukhompyutha supply kwesinye. A wesibili izihibe yokuxhuma HDD kuya umbadlana.

Njengoba ezikhathini zangaphambili exhunywe idrayivu kanzima - IDE isixhumi, nezinye izinsalela esidlule

Ekuqaleni, ngemva kwalokho kukhona kakhudlwana ukuthuthukela HDD interface. Uxhumano Drayivu Electronics sidilizwa ngezindinganiso lanamuhla bavele emakethe mayelana engu-80 leminyaka elidlule. IDE ngokoqobo ihumusha ngokuthi "isilawuli esishunyekiwe".

Njengendaba efana nalena idatha esibonakalayo, namanje libizwa ATA - Advanced Technology Okunamathiselwe. Nokho, izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, entsha Sata ubuchwepheshe kanye ukuthandwa omkhulu emakethe njengoba ATA ejwayelekile iqanjwe kabusha Pata (ATA Parallel) ukugwema ukudideka.

Kakhulu kancane futhi kakhulu ongahluziwe kakhulu izici zabo lobuchwepheshe, kubonwa zeminyaka ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, kungenzeka weqa kusukela wamamegabhayithi ngomzuzwana 100 kuya 133. Futhi kuphela uma kukhulunywa nje, t. Ukuze. Eqinisweni, lezi zibalo nesizotha more. Yiqiniso, interface nezintsha nezixhumi hard drive IDE sizobonisa usilele sizeable kusukela ngentuthuko zanamuhla.

Ucabanga Akufanele siwuthathe kalula futhi izici ezikhangayo? Isizukulwane esidala uzokhumbula ukuthi amakhono lobuchwepheshe Pata uvumele yokusingatha ezimbili HDD nge iluphu eyodwa kuphela exhunywe kwi-motherboard. Kodwa anoma emgqeni kulokhu kufana isigamu basakaza. Futhi lokhu ngaphandle kokukhuluma ububanzi wire, ngandlela-thile ekuvimbeleni Ubukhulu bayo fresh komoya kusukela nabalandeli iyunithi uhlelo.

Ukuze IDE yethu kakade ngokwemvelo yisikhathi emzimbeni. Futhi uma, kuze kube muva wahlangana nalona isixhumi phezu umbadlana we eziphakathi nendawo intengo ingxenye, manje abakhiqizi ngokwabo ungayiboni kuye njengoba ithemba.

Sata zawo wonke umuntu ozithandayo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, IDE isibe esibonakalayo okukhulu kakhulu kwisitoreji semidiya. Kodwa, idatha ukuwudlulisa ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe isikhathi eside kusayithi angami, ukunikela ngokushesha ngemicondvo isixazululo entsha. Manje ingatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi umnikazi ikhompyutha siqu. Futhi igama it - Sata (ATA yomkhiqizo).

izici Ukuhlukanisa kokusetshenziswa kubonwa - parallel ukuthumela idatha, ukhwaliti amandla ukusetshenziswa (eqhathaniswa IDE), ngaphansi Ukushisa izingxenye. Kuwo wonke umlando ukuthandwa walo wakhuthazelela ukuthuthukiswa Sata ngezigaba ezintathu ukubalwa kwezimali:

1. Sata mina - 150 Mb / c.
2. Sata II - 300 Mb / s.
3. Sata III - 600 Mb / s.

Kubuketwa lwesithathu kubuyekeza futhi pair lakhiwe:

• 3.1 - esingaphezu komkhawulokudonsa ngcono, kodwa futhi kungagcini umkhawulo at 600 MB / s.
• 3.2 sebhithi Sata Express - ngempumelelo nokuqalisa ekubumbaneni Sata futhi PCI-Express amadivaysi, okuyinto kukhuphuke funda / bhalela isivinini esibonakalayo kuze kufinyelele 1969 Mb / s. ukukhuluma Cishe, ubuchwepheshe iyona "adaptha" oguqula imodi evamile Sata ngesivinini ukuthi futhi ube nomugqa PCI-isixhumi.

Izibalo Okuyınqo, yebo, kusobala sihluke isitatimende esemthethweni. Okokuqala nje kubangela ngokweqile komkhawulokudonsa esibonakalayo - .. ngemoto Abaningi lanamuhla 600MB efanayo / s kakhulu, ngakho ukuze abazange ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuba uthonye isivinini wokufundwayo / bhala ezinjalo. Kuphela lokudlula kwesikhathi, lapho emakethe yenu kuyovumelana kancane kancane egcwele ngesivinini ngemoto nokusebenza Amazing isivinini lanamuhla, ikhono lobuchwepheshe Sata sizosetshenziswa ngokugcwele.

Ekugcineni, abaningi nomzimba seziqediwe. Sata yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa izintambo eside (amasentimitha 1 imitha 46, okuyinto ehlangene IDE isixhumi) nge okuningi usayizi icwecwe futhi ukubukeka emnandi. Kuncike usekelo "eguqulayo esishisayo» HDD - ukuxhuma / ukunqamula i-kubo kungenzeka ngaphandle ukucima i-computer (Nokho pre usadinga kusebenze imodi AHCI e BIOS).

Ukwandiswa lula futhi ukuxhumeka nezixhumi iluphu. Ngakho zonke izinguqulo kokusetshenziswa kubonwa kukhona emuva iyahambisana komunye nomunye (hard disk Sata III ngaphandle izinkinga ezixhumene nezixhumi Sata II phezu umbadlana, Sata mina - ukuze Sata II, njll ...). Caveat kuphela - ijubane esiphezulu idatha ngeke esaba isixhumanisi kakhulu "ubudala".

Abanikazi amadivayisi amadala ngeke uyasala - adapters ekhona kusukela Pata ukuze Sata variably ugcine on ukuthenga izinto ezibizayo ngaphezulu HDD yesimanje noma umbadlana entsha.

Sata sangaphandle

Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ejwayelekile hard drive esifanelana imisebenzi umsebenzisi. Ngezinye izikhathi isidingo ukugcina esiningi idatha ezidinga ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi, ngokufanelekile, ezokuthutha. Ukuze Ezimweni ezinjalo, uma umuntu enalesi ukushayela ukusebenza hhayi kuphela ekhaya, futhi yakhelwe wangaphandle hard oshayelayo. Ngenxa yesimo amadivayisi abo, zidinga uxhumano esibonakalayo ezahlukene kakhulu.

Njalo is uhlobo ngaphezulu Sata adalwe nezixhumi zangaphandle kanzima ngemoto, nge isiqalo zangaphandle. Emzimbeni, le interface ayihambelani ngezimbobo Sata-izimbobo, kodwa bandwidth efanayo.

Kukhona usekelo HDD «eguqulayo ashisayo", nobude ikhebula luyanda ngamamitha amabili.

Esikhathini sokuqala eSATA samuntu ivumela ulwazi Exchange kuphela, ngaphandle yokondla embotsheni wangaphandle hard drive amandla adingekayo. Lokhu ethile eyenza ukusetshenziswa izihibe ezimbili uxhumano umiselwe kanye ukufika ukulungisa Amandla eSATA, sihlanganise ubuchwepheshe eSATA (obhekene ukudluliswa kwedatha) ku-USB (obhekene ukudla).

Universal ibhasi serial

Ngokuphumelelayo ekubeni indinganiso ezijwayeleke kakhulu serial esibonakalayo uxhumano ubuchwepheshe digital, i-Universal Bus yomkhiqizo kulezizinsuku yibo bonke abantu.

Ngemva kokuhlushwa kabuhlungu enomlando omude wokukhonza izinguquko ezinkulu unomphela, USB - kuyinto okusezingeni eliphezulu idatha isilinganiso, ukuhlinzeka amandla engakaze ibonwe sebuningini amadivayisi neuropathy, kanye malula futsi lula lusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Yasungulwa ngu izinkampani ezifana Intel, Microsoft, Phillips, ne-US Robotics, esibonakalayo isibe samuntu nezifiso eziningana lobuchwepheshe:

• Ekuhlanganiseni amakhompyutha. okuphathelene nomngcele Standard kuze USB iye kunalokho kulinganiselwe ezihlukahlukene kanye uhlobo adingekayo ngamunye port ngabanye (PS / 2 port ukuxhuma a induku yokudlala, SCSI nokunye. D.). Njengoba sekunama-USB wakhulelwa ukuthi kuyoba esikhundleni iyunifomu jikelele kakhulu lula ukuxhumana namadivayisi computer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphinde bazitshela ukuthi umklamo omusha ngesikhathi sawo ukugqugquzela ukuvela okuphathelene nomngcele non-bendabuko.
• Qinisekisa uxhumano Pop kumakhompyutha. Kwasakazwa leyo minyaka ukuthambekela of kwathatha digital amanethiwekhi eselula izwi yembula ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi interface akhiwa ke akakwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha nezwi efonini.
• Isimiso okusungulile induduzo "plug futhi udlale" efanelekayo "wokufaka ashisayo."

Njengoba kunjalo iningi ezobuchwepheshe, i-hard disk-USB isixhumi isikhathi eside isibe ngokuphelele ajwayelekile kithi lomkhuba. Nokho, eminyakeni ezahlukene zentuthuko, le interface ubelokhu wabonisa entsha eziphakeme-speed funda / bhalela ukusebenza.

inguqulo ye-USB	incazelo	umthamo
USB 1.0	inguqulo ukukhululwa kokusetshenziswa kubonwa ngemva izinguqulo eziningana kwangaphambilini Okokuqala. Ikhishwe Januwari 15, 1996.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s -Speed Okugcwele Mode: 12 Mbit / s
USB 1.1	ukuqhubeka version 1.0, it elungisa eziningi izinkinga namaphutha. Umkhankaso ngo-September 1998, kuqala kwakuqala ukwanda mass.
USB 2.0	Yethulwe ngo-Ephreli 2000, le nguqulo ye esibonakalayo yesibili sibonisa, ngaphezulu Imodi ngesivinini High-Speed operation entsha.	Low-Speed Mode: 1.5 Mbit / s -Speed Okugcwele Mode: 12 Mbit / s High-Speed Mode: 25-480 Mbit / s
USB 3.0	Isizukulwane zakamuva kwesitoreji, uzothola hhayi kuphela izinkomba ebuyekeziwe umthamo, kodwa futhi kukhiqizwa blue / obomvu. Usuku nesenzakalo - 2008.	Kufika 600 MB ngomzuzwana
USB 3.1	ukuqhubeka wokubuyekeza lwesithathu, esanyatheliswa 31 Julayi 2013. It ihlukaniswe yaba ukulungiswa ezimbili okungenzeka uhlinzeke nganoma imiphi idrayivu kanzima-USB isixhumi ngesivinini esiphezulu abafika kwabangu-10 gigabits ngomzuzwana.	USB 3.1 Gen 1 - kufika ku-5 GB / s USB 3.1 Gen 2 - abafika kwabangu-10 Gbit / s

Ngaphezu kwalokhu esifakiwe, izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene kwesitoreji ziyasetshenziswa futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene amadivaysi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izintambo futhi nezixhumi ukuthi ukukhululwa esibonakalayo:

USB 2.0	ejwayelekile	mini	micro
uhlobo A
thayipha B

USB 3.0 ayengawunikela olunye uhlobo olusha - C. Izintambo zaloluhlobo zinzima ziyalingana futhi afakwa idivayisi efanelekile ukusuka kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubukezwe lwesithathu alinikezi Mini ne Micro «zenyathi» izintambo ohlotsheni A.

FireWire okunye

Ukuze zonke kwayo, eSATA, ne-USB - akuzona zonke izinketho ku uxhuma kanjani isixhumi we wangaphandle hard drive kukhompyutha.

FireWire - kancane kancane owaziwa phakathi uquqaba esibonakalayo ngesivinini. Inikeza uxhumano serial kumadivayisi angaphandle, nayo osekelwa inombolo ihlanganisa HDD.

impahla isochronous ukudluliselwa kwalo idatha zitholakala ngokuyinhloko isebenza ubuchwepheshe multimedia (camcorders, i-DVD-abadlali, imishini digital yomsindo). hard drive exhunywe kubo ingasaphathwa, enika bakhethe Sata noma ngcono-USB esibonakalayo.

ukusebenza kwalo eziphambili lobuchwepheshe, lobu buchwepheshe imzuzele kancane kancane. Ngakho, inguqulo yokuqala ye FireWire 400 (1394a) yayishesha kunokusebenzisa imbangi yayo eyinhloko, bese-USB 1.0 - 400 megabits ngesekhondi kuqhathaniswa 12. Umkhawulo ikhebula obuphelele - 4.5 amamitha.

Ukufika USB 2.0 ushiye ngemuva Umphikisi, okuvumela ukuba bashintshisane imininingo nganoma 480 megabits ngomzuzwana. Nokho, lapho kukhululwa le FireWire entsha esezingeni 800 (1394b), ukuvumela ukuba uthumele 800 megabits ngomzuzwana nge esiphezulu ikhebula ubude ngamamitha 100, USB 2.0 ubelokhu kancane e funa ezimakethe. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthuthukiswa version wesithathu Universal Bus yomkhiqizo, wandisa ukushintshanisa kwe-data ophahleni kuze 5 Gbit / s.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esasenza FireWire is usabalalise. Yokudlulisa ulwazi nge-USB esibonakalayo ngempela zidinga khona PC. FireWire futhi likuvumela ukushintshanisa idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi ngaphandle ngempela ukuzibandakanya i-computer ihlaziye.

Thunderbolt

embonweni wakhe lokho hard drive isixhumi kufanele esikhathini esizayo babe ejwayelekile ongenambangi, Intel yabonisa inkampani ngokuhlanganyela Apple, ethula esibonakalayo emhlabeni Thunderbolt (noma, ngokuvumelana negama lakhe elidala ikhodi, Khanyisa Peak).

Yakhiwa PCI-E kanye architectures yokubonisa, lesi senzakalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudlulisa idatha, umsindo, ividiyo namandla phezu embobeni eyodwa nge speed umxhwele ngempela - abafika kwabangu-10 GB / s. Ekuhlolweni langempela, babengamaphesenti kancane nesizotha more futhi bafinyelela esiphezulu 8 GB / s. Nokho ngisho kanjalo, Thunderbolt usunificile analogue yayo abaseduze FireWire 800 USB 3.0, ingasaphathwa kanye eSATA.

Kodwa njengoba ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yemilayezo lo mbono othembisayo embobeni eyodwa futhi isixhumi ingakamiswa wathola. Nakuba manje abanye abakhiqizi zihlanganisiwe ngempumelelo nezixhumi zangaphandle hard drive, esibonakalayo Thunderbolt. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo amathuba technical ubuchwepheshe ubuye eside kuqhathaniswa, ngakho ihlangana le ukuthuthukiswa ikakhulukazi phakathi kumadivayisi ephezulu ontengo yakhe yayinqunyiwe.

Ihambisana nawo-USB kanye FireWire bungatholakala ngokusebenzisa i-adaptha ezifanele. Le ndlela akubenzi ngokushesha ngokuya idatha, t. Ukuze. Bobabili interface komkhawulokudonsa namanje uhlala ingashintshiwe. Inzuzo lapha eyodwa kuphela - Thunderbolt akuyona element nokukhawulela nge uxhumano ezifana, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi wonke amathuba technical kwesitoreji futhi FireWire.

SCSI kanye SAS - yilokho wezwa, akubona bonke

Enye esibonakalayo parallel Ukuxhuma amadivaysi neuropathy bayeke ukugxila kwelinye iphuzu sokuthuthuka, kusukela ideskithophu ku-ezahlukene ebanzi of imishini.

«Small Computer System Interface» yasungulwa kancane ngaphambili Sata II. Ngesikhathi zokugcina, kokubili interface phezu izakhiwo babe kucishe nomunye, bakwazi ukunikeza isixhumi ukuxhuma hard drive umsebenzi ozinzile ngamakhompyutha. Nokho, SCSI esetshenziswa ibhasi ezivamile, ngenxa yalokho isilawuli ongasebenza omunye lamadivayisi axhumene kuphela.

intuthuko eyengeziwe ubuchwepheshe, okuyinto usezuze igama elisha SAS (serial SCSI Attached), wayeseyitholile Kuye kwasiphuka amaphutha yayo yangaphambili. SAS ivumela amadivayisi ukuxhuma iqoqo SCSI imiyalo iphethwe yi- esibonakalayo ngokomzimba, okuyinto kufana Sata efanayo. Nokho, amathuba amaningi kukuvumela ukuba uxhumane hhayi kuphela nezixhumi drive kanzima, kodwa futhi eziningi nezinye okuphathelene nomngcele (abanyathelisi, ama-scanner nama nokunye. D.).

Usekela "Swapping ashisayo" amadivayisi, dilators Ibhasi kanyekanye ukuxhuma multiple SAS-amadivayisi komunye port, futhi inikeza Uhlelo Oluvumelana Nesixazululi nkinga ne Sata.

NAS amathemba

Indlela ezithakazelisayo ukusebenza amavolumu enkulu idatha, ngokushesha kuyanda emibuthanweni lanamuhla.

Uxhumano Attached Isitoreji , noma i-NAS elifushane iyikhompyutha ahlukene nabanye disk afanayo, okuyinto ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi (ngokuvamile sendawo) futhi inikeza isitoreji kanye nokudluliswa kwemininingwane kwamanye ama-computer axhunywe.

Emsebenzini walo isitoreji inethiwekhi kwamanye amadivayisi, kule seva mini ixhunyiwe nge ikhebuli ye-Ethernet-abavamile. ukufinyelela Eminye kuzilungiselelo zalo ngokusebenzisa isiphi isiphequluli yokuxhuma NAS ikheli inethiwekhi. idatha ekhona ingasetshenziswa i-Ethernet-ikhebula, bese usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi.

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe benza ukuthi ukunikeza ezingeni ngokwanele eyizingqabavu kolwazi isitoreji bese elinika esilungele ukufinyelela okulula abantu abathembekile.

Izici yokuxhuma hard drive for laptops

HDD ukusebenza kwesimiso ikhompyutha umile ezinzima elula futhi kucace kuwo wonke umuntu - ezimweni eziningi kudinga ikhebula ezifanele ukuxhuma kanzima amandla disk nezixhumi ngamandla unit efanayo ukuxhuma idivayisi kumuntu umbadlana. Uma usebenzisa isitoreji sangaphandle, ungenza ngisho isitimela esisodwa nje (Amandla eSATA, Thunderbolt).

Kodwa indlela yokusebenzisa nezixhumi ka notebook hard drive? Phela, design ehlukene kudinga ukuba acabangele ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi.

Kwasekuqaleni, ukuxhuma idivayisi yokulondoloza ngqo "ngaphakathi" zedivayisi kufanele bacabangele iqiniso lokuthi HDD Isici sefomu kufanele eyabizwa ngokuthi 2.5 "

Okwesibili, i-laptop drive kanzima exhunywe kwi-umbadlana ngqo. Ngaphandle izintambo ezengeziwe. Vele uyasikrufulula phansi pre-off isivalo ngoba HDD. It has a ifomu elingunxande futhi ngokuvamile ukukhwezwa yebhangqa imishudo. Kungenxa amandla futhi kudingeka nibeke yesitoreji.

Zonke izixhumanisi ka notebook hard drive baqiniseka nsé ezinkulu "mfowethu" yalo, eyenzelwe PC.

Enye uxhumano - ukusebenzisa i-adaptha. Ngokwesibonelo, Sata III drive kungenziwa exhunywe kwi-USB-nezimbobo kuyatholakala kwi-laptop ngosizo adaptha Sata-USB (emakethe lalimelela eziningi ezinkulu zalezi amadivayisi ezihlukahlukene interface).

Engingakusho nje kokuxhuma HDD ku-adaptha. It yena, ixhunywe 220V ugesi. Futhi ikhebula le-USB ukuxhuma isakhiwo sonke laptop ke idrayivu kanzima uyoboniswa, kuye ngokuthi indlela eyodwa esigabeni ngaphezulu.