Yisikhohliso Chinese. Clonorchiasis: izimpawu, ukwelashwa. izimuncagazi yomuntu

Clonorchiasis womuntu - trematodozov biogelmintoz kusukela iqembu elinesimo lesion eyinhloko ipheshana biliary, amanyikwe kanye isibindi parenchyma.

lwezifo

Umthombo oyinhloko ukutheleleka - umuntu itheleleke klonorhami. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ezindaweni izinja namakati. yisikhohliso Chinese isakazeke eJapane, eVietnam, China, North Korea, lase-Amur elisemcengezini, Obi futhi Primorye. amaqanda Helminth abelwe nge indle e medium aqueous kugwinywe clams cercariae (izibungu) akhiwa emzimbeni okuyinto cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Ngemva ukuxhumana umzimba izibungu izinhlanzi kanye isikhuphashe kusukela amathumbu, sebeqala ukuya kwemisipha izicubu ongama. Ngakho, i-metacercariae. abantu Clonorchiasis abangenwe ukudla okuluhlaza, insufficiently ukushisa iphathwa inhlanzi noma isikhuphashe. Futhi eba clonorchiasis. izimpawu yeziguli ngokuvamile ziqala ukuvela ngemva lwegciwane ngokufaka emathunjini amancane.

Flukes: isici

Trematodes (flukes) - worm, ezihlobene uhlobo flatworm. Njengomthetho, banayo amaqabunga okwenyanga. ubungako bawo kuyahlukahluka ezahlukahlukene kusukela 0.1 mm kuya ku-15 cm ubude. yisikhohliso Chinese kungaba parasitize e umzimba bezilwane nabantu. Zonke izinhlobo flukes kukhona yokuphila yisinanakazana.

Morphology eziphilayo of trematodes

trematode umzimba constricted esiqondisweni dorsoventral. Cuticle kanye ungqimba kwemisipha yakha esakeni isikhumba-imisipha lapho izitho zangaphakathi zitholakala. Flukes awashintsheki esebenzisa ekhethekile imizimba enemisipha - amaswidi. Kungase kube ezimbili - temlomo na besisu. Izinhlaka nenkanuko edlulele izikhonkwane kungabuye chasiselwe cuticle futhi imigodi yezindlala.

uhlelo alimentary

Phambi somzimba ehunyushelwe sucker temlomo, etholakala ezansi umlomo. Phezu komlomo kufanele pharynx (pharynx) kanye kuqhoqhoqho side. tube emathunjini - amabili slepozakanchivayuschihsya isiqu. Ingquza ngesikhathi flat izibungu ngokuvamile akuyona. Izinsalela ukudla unhydrolyzed baxoshwa ngomlomo. Ingxenye amandla flatworms kungaba kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa tegument.

isimiso sezinzwa futhi excretory

Isimiso sezinzwa yakhiwa ganglia kwenzwa itholakala ngaphansi pharynx, kanye Imibhobho esemzimbeni asinikeze ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. uhlelo Excretory imelelwa uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi tubules akha imbobo ezimbili excretory.

uhlelo zokuzala

Uhlelo okuzala ka trematodes baye basungula kahle. Flukes (ngaphandle Schistosomatata uhlobo Abamele) - hermaphroditic (isidalwa ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane).

Owesilisa uhlelo zokuzala, njengoba umthetho, siqukethe testes ezimbili. Dedani kuzo vas efferens, okuyinto uxhumeke ezivamile vas deferens. Ivame ebiyelwe Cirrus sac (sac ekhethekile kwemisipha). Yokugcina ingxenye deferens vas - Cirrus (copulatory isitho).

Isakhiwo zesifazane apharathasi zokuzala kuhlanganisa esibelethweni, jajtceprovoda, ootype, spermatheca, Vitellaria Laurerovy isiteshi Mehlis 'indlala kanye kwesibeletho, okuyinto iphela insikazi ukuvulwa zangasese.

omsakazo

I-ejenti causative kuyinto clonorchiasis yisikhohliso - yisikhohliso Chinese. Lokhu kusho umndeni izibungu Opisthorchidae - sinensis Clonorchis. Bot Okokuqala kuchazwa McConnell e 1874 yisikhohliso Chinese emzimbeni womuntu ungakwazi parasitize kuze kube iminyaka engu-40. helminth eyisicaba lanceolate 10-20 mm ububanzi 2-4 mm. amaqanda trematode kukhona umbala ukukhanya-segolide, omunye izinti cap kuba kuyabonakala. sinensis Clonorchis e esiteji omdala kungase parasitize kokubili abantu futhi ezincelisayo ezidla. Lesi sakamuva kukhona Sebawoti esichazayo. Njengoba interim isenzo angenasawoti clams, extra - angenasawoti isikhuphashe futhi carp izinhlanzi.

sokuphila trematodes

umjikelezo trematodes ukuphila siqukethe izinkathi emine:

• embriogonii;
• partenogonii;
• tsistogonii;
• maritogonii.

Embriogoniya - ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa embryonic lwegciwane lamaseli neqanda elivela ekukhulelweni kuye trematode miracidia ophumayo. Isikhathi salesi isigaba isikhathi esingangenyanga. Partenogoniya - inkathi posleembrionalny yentuthuko esiteji elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu emzimbeni yempi Lesisemkhatsini. isigaba Kwethulwa iqala kusukela kumiswa sporocysts phambi cercaria ku imvelo. Isikhathi salesi sikhathi ziyahlukahluka kusuka amasonto amabili izinyanga ezinhlanu.

Tsistogoniya - inqubo yokuguqula cercaria adolescaria (imvelo) noma metacercariae (umzimba aphethe lokuchibiyela). Tsistogonii ubude - kusuka amahora ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili.

Maritogoniya - kwesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa flukes e esichazayo aphethe umzimba ukuba izinga lokuzala (imago), eqokomisa amaqanda endaweni ezungezile. Isikhathi salesi sigaba - esisuka esontweni elilodwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili.

pathogenesis

Iziguli abahlala ezindaweni sendawo ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba ukuthi sidlulile kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngu transplacental. Ngakho, abantu abanjalo uxilongwe, nakuba lesi sifo, kodwa inkambo omnene. Ezicashile ukuthuthukiswa zokugula kuyinto trematode umthelela mechanical, uxhumano microflora yesibili, iziyaluyalu neurotrophic, ezinobuthi nokungezwani komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, klonorhi zibangela ushintsho cirrhotic esibindini.

izimpawu isifo

Uma uke kwatholakala clonorchiasis, izimpawu isifo zifana opisthorchiasis. Esigabeni okukhulu ukutheleleka kuyinto ephawulekayo ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukucobeka, ubuthakathaka, ekubonakalisweni komzimba. Nge ukuqhubeka kwesifo izici kubonakala esibonisa isibindi, amanyikwe, futhi leli pheshana biliary. Iziguli esekhala imfiva kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu zendawo hypochondrium kwesokudla.

yezinkinga olungenzeka sifo

Lokhu kungaba:

• cholecystitis ezingamahlalakhona;
• isifo sokusha;
• gastroduodenitis ezingamahlalakhona;
• umdlavuza pancreatic nasesiswini;
• ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo ezingamahlalakhona.

zokugula ukuhlola

Sifo kusekelwe idatha emitholampilo epizootic futhi gelmintokoprologicheskih izifundo. Ukuze sicacise uphethwe ukukhiqiza ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi (amaprotheni Imininingwane, ushukela egazini, bilirubin, umsebenzi phosphatase ane-alikhali, amathuluzi aminotransferases, Amylase, trypsin, futhi lipase), ezinqunyiwe (cholecystography, ultrasound Ukuhlola gallbladder, isibindi, amanyikwe, fibrogastroduodenoscopy) kanye serological (ukuhlukana , RIHA, i-PCR) izindlela.

Ukwelapha

Uma isiguli kwatholakala clonorchiasis, ukwelashwa kufanele kube eziyinkimbinkimbi:

• dietetics;
• izidakamizwa anthelmintic ( "biltricid", "Niklofolan", "hloksila");
• antihistamine ( "calcium gluconate", "loratidine," "Suprastin");
• izidakamizwa nonsteroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala ( "ibuprofen", "Nimisulid");
• enzyme ( "Panzinorm", "elithi mezim", "Creon");
• Sorbents ( "Enterosgel" "ataxia", "Polysorb");
• antispasmodics ( "papaverine", "Cha-spa", "Mebeverin");
• macrolides ( "oleandomycin", "Spiramycin", "azithromycin", "Roxithromycin", "Fluritromitsin");
• izidakamizwa cholagogue ( "Xylitol" "Sorbitol", corn usilika, immortelle, rose okhalweni, amacembe Mint);
• gepatoprotektory ( "Essentiale", "Ursohol").