Yini iplanethi efana Umhlaba: igama, incazelo kanye nezici

Yini iplanethi efanayo Emhlabeni? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo kungenziwa wasondela ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma umbandela esiyinhloko yamukelwa, isibonelo, ubukhulu nesisindo sonozungezilanga ababeseduze kakhulu nathi cosmic Venus. Nokho, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu sicabangele lo mbuzo, "Iyiphi iplanethi iyafana xaxa Ngomhlaba?" Ngokomthetho izinto prigodnosti ekuphileni. Kulokhu, ngaphakathi isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, asiyitholi ikhandidethi efanelekayo - kuyodingeka sizijwayeze expanses enkulukazi isikhala akude.

sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso zone

Ukusesha i-ezisemkhathini ukuphila kwabantu ukwenza isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni base eqagela nje, nekucabangela abuye kokuqagela izikhathi, kodwa ukuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe ndaba ukuqala kanjani ushintsho kusuka esigabeni zezinkinga theory endaweni yokwenza ulwazi lwesayensi.

zindlela sezihlonziwe lapho into isikhala kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi engase ezikulungele ukuhlala kuzona. Kunoma iyiphi iplanethi efana Earth, kufanele zitholakale okubizwa ngokuthi habitable zone. Kulesi gama libhekisela endaweni ethile emhlabeni inkanyezi. Sici Its main - kungenzeka khona iplanethi ngaphakathi ke amanzi esimweni liquid. Kuye izici izinkanyezi habitable zone kungenzeka etholakala eduze noma kude, ukuze abe ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane.

izakhiwo ukukhanya

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi unozungezilanga onjengalo Earth engase efanelekayo ukuphila kufanele kugxile inkanyezi of Spectral uhlobo G K futhi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kusuka 7000 kuya 4000 K. Lezi izibani ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana isamba elanele amandla isikhathi eside ozinzile, umjikelezo yabo yokuphila uphothulwa iminyaka ayizigidi zezinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inkanyezi akuyona kakhulu eziguquguqukayo ezahlukene. Ukuzinza Emhlabeni emkhathini - isihluthulelo ukuphila ucishe elinokuthula. flash ezesabisa noma eside attenuation yokukhanya kungaholela ukushabalala eziphilayo phezu nembangi amaphahla iplanethi yethu.

Metallicity, okungukuthi, ukuba khona imfuyo ngaphezu izakhi inkanyezi hydrogen ne-helium - Esinye isici esibalulekile. Ngezinye amagugu eliphansi le okungenzeka ngemfanelo amaplanethi lincane kakhulu. metallicity Ephakeme kukhona zezinkanyezi ngokulinganiswa ayemncane.

I izakhiwo amaplanethi

Futhi kungani, eqinisweni, kuphela iplanethi kungaba engase okuhlalekayo Earth-like? Kungani kulolu hlu akubandakanyi izinto ukuthi sekuseduze ngosayizi ukuba Jupiter? Impendulo itholakala ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezifanele yezinto eziphilayo. Zimane nje ziyizindaba ezimbili ku amaplanethi ezicishe zifane nezethu. Ngu property amaplanethi Earth-like lapho ukuphila bangaba khona zihlanganisa:

• mass eduze Umhlaba: iplanethi bayakwazi ugcine isifundo sinesizotha e lokhu zomhlaba amapuleti phezu is njengakweminye ukuthi we "imidondoshiya";

• ukubusa lichaza ekwakheni rocks silicate;

• ukungabi umoya obukhulu ane-helium ne-hydrogen, isici, isibonelo, i-Jupiter ne-Neptune;

• hhayi kakhulu eyinqaba kakhulu, noma iplanethi ngezikhathi ezithile kuyoba ikude kakhulu kusukela inkanyezi, noma eduze ngokweqile ukuya kuyo;

• isilinganiso esithile eksisi enyakazayo futhi ijubane ukujikeleza adingekayo ushintsho zonyaka, ubude obuphakathi nendawo imini nobusuku.

Lezi kanye neminye imingcele kuthinta isimo sezulu surface womhlaba, izinqubo Geological e elingaphakathi yayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezahlukene eziphilayo eziphilayo izimo ezidingekayo zingahluka. Amathuba okuthola amagciwane isikhala lingaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho ezincelisayo.

Iplanethi entsha efana Umhlaba

Ukuhlolwa zonke lezi nemingcele zidinga ngokunemba imishini esingagcini nje ukubala indawo iplanethi, kodwa futhi ukuba acacise izici zayo. Ngenhlanhla, imishini yesimanje "can" isivele kakhulu, futhi ucwaningo engenakunqandeka nokuthuthukiswa asivumela ukuba nethemba lokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, abantu bazokwazi ukubheka kwi-space.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu kwatholakala eziningana impela izinto, ngezindlela ezingafani, efanelekayo ukuphila. Nokho, impendulo yombuzo othi zazo ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye unozungezilanga onjengalo Earth, akuyona ngenzeka ngoba idinga idatha oluqonde kakhulu.

exoplanet impikiswano

September 29, 2010, ososayensi yamemezela kokutholakala iplanethi Gliese 581 g, azungeza inkanyezi Gliese 581. Itholakala at ibanga 20 light-years away umlaza Libra. Kuze kube manje, khona iplanethi alikaqinisekiswa. Kule minyaka emihlanu kusukela ukuyivula izikhathi eziningana lwaqiniswa idatha ucwaningo olwengeziwe futhi ngalesosikhathi landula.

Uma le planethi ukhona, ngokusho izibalo, kuba umoya, amanzi esimweni liquid kanye ebusweni enamadwala. Radially siseduze ngokwanele ukuba ikhaya lethu cosmic. He is 1.2-1.5 emhlabeni. mass into balinganiselwa ku 3,1-4,3 emhlabeni. Amathuba ukuphila ku-ke kunjengokukhanya impikiswano njengoba wokuvula yayo kakhulu.

Eyokuqala waqinisekisa

Kepler-22 b - iplanethi efana Earth futhi ongaphandle isibonakude "Kepler" ngo-2011 (5 Disemba). Kuyinto into kabani khona kuqinisekisiwe. Izici planethi:

• It ujikeleza inkanyezi of Spectral uhlobo G5 nenkathi 290 izinsuku Umhlaba ka;

• isisindo - 34,92 yomhlaba;

• Ukwakheka kuyinto ebusweni engaziwa;

• engaba - 2.4 emhlabeni;

• kusukela inkanyezi uthola 25% amandla esingaphansi uMhlaba eLangeni;

• Ibanga inkanyezi incane-15% kunalokho weLanga uMhlaba.

Isilinganiso ezincane ibanga energy eyanele kwenza Kepler-22 b nembangi isihloko iplanethi sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso. Uma lizungezwe umoya obukhulu, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi bengase bazikhandlele 22 ° C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi iplanethi akufane Ukwakheka kunalokho Neptune.

eziningi eziye zatholwa

"Entsha" Uma amaplanethi efana Earth, kuye kwavulwa wamanje 2015 ngonyaka. Lena Kepler-442 b, akhiwe kude e 1120 light-years ukusuka elangeni. Kwedlula Umhlaba ngobukhulu by izikhathi 1.3 futhi Itholakala habitable zone ezinkanyezi zawo.

Ngawo lowo nyaka sathola iplanethi Kepler-438 b e umlaza Lyra (470 iminyaka ukukhanya okuvela Umhlaba). Iphinde iseduze ngobukhulu emhlabeni futhi Itholakala habitable zone.

Ekugcineni, ngo-July 23, 2015 wamemezela kuvulwa Kepler-452 b. Le planethi ku habitable zone yokukhanya, kufana kakhulu inkanyezi yethu. Kuyinto kunangendlela Umhlaba mayelana 63%. Kepler-452 b ngesisindo 5 wt Ososayensi balinganisela kule planethi yethu. yobudala wakhe nokuningi - eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 edlule. Amazinga kwamanzi balinganiselwa ku -8 ° C.

Ukuba khona la maplanethi ezintathu baqinisekisa. Bona abhekwa engase efanelekayo ukuphila. Nokho, ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa habitability yabo ayikakwazi.

Ukuthuthukiswa obengeziwe inqubo kuzovumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuba uhlole kabanzi lezi imihlaba, ngakhoke impendulo yombuzo othi lokho iplanethi kufana xaxa Earth.