Yimiphi imibuzo ephendulwa gerund? Gerund - izibonelo. Igama-tandziso esithi

Ngo ukwakheka isiRashiya, kanye izingxenye ezimele futhi esemthethweni yokukhuluma , kukhona okuthiwa kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile sesenzo, okuyinto zezilimi eziningi phikisana. Ezinye zazo bathi izici morphological isakramente futhi emabito ingaboniswa izingxenye abalulekile, kuyilapho abanye bethi siwumsebenzi okungukuthi kwencika liphezulu kakhulu zalezi amafomu kusukela isenzo, futhi ngenxa yalokho futhi zazo babodvwa ngeke bakhone kubhekwe. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa uhlelo esikoleni esibizwa ifomu gerund sesenzo elisebunyeni azizange zishintshe, okuyinto inenani yezenzo eyengeziwe kanye nezici lolimi isenzo isandiso. Ukuze lithole ukuthi igama elithile esimeningcondvo Kulo mkhakha okhethekile kakhulu, kufanele wazi ukuthi mibuzo iyaphendulwa gerund. Kulokhu, "What akwenzayo?" noma "Yini ukuyenza?" Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ekuphenduleni le mibuzo, izwi kufanele kube ongumphelelisi isilandiso, okungukuthi, ukuba aveze indlela isenzo esikhulu senzeka umusho.

izimpawu sesenzo

Ngenxa kwakheka esithi is kusukela isenzo futhi kuwuhlobo ekhethekile, it has kuyingxenye yalesi inkulumo, izici morphological. Okokuqala, ifomu: kungase kube ephelele futhi ingaphelele, kuncike ekutheni lesi ukuphelela isenzo noma alitholakali. Ngokwesibonelo: ukubukeka (CB) nokubheka (PDR). Okwesibili, lokhu kuyinto zesikhashana: gerund kuyinto isenzo, ngefomu inguqulelo ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle isabizwana nge igama tenkhulumo esimweni genitive - uma kunqatshelwe - nasesikhathini nominative kanye umenziwa wesenzo sivumele. Ngokwesibonelo: ukwakha ubuhlobo. A gerund ngadingi umenziwa, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa ngokuvamile atholakala inkulumo, njalo ukusetshenziswa ne tandziso. Ngokwesibonelo: wangisiza, ejabulela ilanga.

izimpawu tandziso

Ukuze ukwazi ukubona izici morphological ezifanayo nalezo isandiso, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imibuzo iphendulwa gerund. Ngokwesibonelo, ngimi ngasemnyango iwindi, ngifuna (ukuthi ukwenza kokubili?) Away. Esibonelweni libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi igama elithi kubonisa kokubili isinyathelo yesingane uphawu yalo engaphansi phezu isenzo main emshweni kanti uba izimo. Okunye izici morphological nobuntu yingxenye ezimele yokukhuluma, ezifana nohlanga, ubuso, isikhathi nosuku, akusiyo ngoba ezingeguquleke.

imperfective esithi

Ekuhloleni lesi sihloko ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele inikwe yini mibuzo iyaphendulwa izinhlobo gerund ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, emabito abangaphelele ndaba kanyekanye ukwenza izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze ecacisiwe isilandiso, futhi kube yiyo ephendula imibuzo "Yini ukwenza?". Ngokwesibonelo: emi ebhentshini wayixosha le ndebe phezulu eshalofini.

Kwakheka ngesisekelo enjalo gerundive NSV tento sanyalo usebenzisa tijobelelo -a- noma -ya-. Okungabalulwa ukuba igama ukuguqulelwa mkhakha okhethekile -uchi- Isijobelelo. Kwezinye izimo -uchi- futhi -yuchi- isetshenziswa ukuthola gerund ezinemibala stylistically. Izibonelo ukuba - njengoba ukudlala - kwamandla.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akuwona wonke tento imperfective kungaba zakha isisekelo emabito. Imfundo azisetshenziswa amayunithi lucebe eligcina -ch, -nut, kanye nento encimfelwayo ngaphakathi igama ngesisekelo kuphela ongwaqa. Ngokwesibonelo: somlilo, ezomile, bhala, baphuze.

Emabito ifomu ephelele

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi imibuzo iphendulwa gerund ifomu ephelele futhi kwakhiwa kanjani, njengoba le mithetho kuzosiza bobunjwa ofiselekayo zezwi. Umbuzo emabito CB yilesi: "Yini okufanele uyenze?" Amazwi anjengalawa ngezenzo ezibalulekile ezenzeka ngaphambi isilandiso ecacisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo: emi ebhentshini, Wayesethabatha isitsha esuka phezulu eshalofini.

Emabito elakhiwe idatha kusukela phansi tento perfective lesesikhatsini lesengcile ngosizo ukuxhumana tijobelelo ezilandelayo:

• -B- uma isenzo base uphela unkamisa (okwenza, kokuba kokuwa Ngokugawula);
• -vshi- uma isenzo kuyinto ukubuya futhi isisekelo salo siphetha unkamisa (wayebabhekabheka stroked ingabona);
• -shi- uma base ngongwaqa (elahlekile, kufihlwe).

Participles futhi emabito: umehluko

Akubalulekile nje ukudida umbuzo isakramente futhi emabito futhi ufunde ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi tento. Eqinisweni, akukho eziyinkimbinkimbi lapha. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona kahle kwindlela igama elisetshenziswe kufanele bakhumbule lokho ingabaza emabito (Okufanele musa ukwenza?), Futhi lapho - ngesikhathi iSidlo (? Okufanele ukwenze ukwenzani na?). Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kukhona izici ezahlukene ngokuphelele morphological nokubaluleka. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, wenhlanganyelo kubonisa ukusebenza nge evelele izimpawu isiphawulo, kuyilapho gerund ibala izinyathelo ekhuphukayo.

ukuhlaziywa morphological emabito

Omunye izindikimba main ekuhloleni Russian kwesigaba ulimi gerund kuyinto ukuhlaziywa morphological we izimo zesenzo segama. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ukuhlaziya enikeziwe in isiphakamiso kumele kwenziwe ukuthola isisekelo nemithetho yolimi nendlela gerund. Kuze kube yimanje, ngokuvumelana izisekelo lwetakhi telulwimi liphakamisa imibuzo. Kuze kube manje, akukho nzima. Ukwazi ukuthi gerund liphendula imibuzo (izibonelo efakwe ohlwini ngenhla), okubonisa umphumela ezengeziwe bento noma umuntu okukhulunywa ngayo isiphakamiso bakuchaza nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuqoshwe futhi uqhubekele ukuhlaziywa.

ukuhlaziywa morphological ezenziwa uhlelo ezilandelayo:

1. Bhala phansi igama lolimi, incazelo yalo nemithetho yolimi nendlela umbuzo iphuzu ukuthi kungenziwa enikeziwe kusukela izwi eyinhloko.
2. Rekhoda kokuqala ukuma gerundive futhi uhlu izici zayo morphological, okuyilezi: uhlobo gerundive (ephelele noma abangaphelele) kanye Ukuphinda yayo.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi parses igama ifomu ezingaguquki, futhi ngakho-ke ayinakho izinhlamvu variable morphological.
4. Ekugcineni, ubonise ukuthi uhlelo ilungu gerund kuleli cala.