Yemvelo isifo ebalulekile: incazelo, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

Isici esiyinhloko izifo zemvelo ebalulekile wukuthi Amagciwane kwabo okungaphelele ngobulili kusukela izinyoni noma izilwane. Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kwenzeka nge yisilwane izinambuzane igazi-abancela ezifana omiyane. Ngo ngokugxila zemvelo kungasenza ahlalisane Amagciwane eziningana - .. Ama-bacterium, ama-virus, ama-worms, lenyama, njll Ukuze uvikele ezifweni zemvelo ebalulekile kakhulu, eziningi zazo usongo olukhulu ezimpilweni zabantu, kubalulekile ukuba ulwazi mayelana izindlela ukuwudlulisa nezindlela zokugwema izifo.

Uyini "ikhaya yemvelo"?

Inkulumo ethi "Ukugxila yemvelo" yokuthi ukhomba ngqo umthombo ukutheleleka ukhona ngokwemvelo. Ezithwalwa yizinambuzane izifo zemvelo ebalulekile ezihlobene nokusebenzelana biogeocenoses ezithile. Activators izifo zemvelo ebalulekile bathambekele babanda abantu ezilwaneni, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu uku biogeocoenose efanayo itheleleke. Kulesi simo Amagciwane adluliswa ngetindlela letehlukene: ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa yizinambuzane, imuncwe, indle kwezilwane ezinegciwane omisiwe, njll ...

Izimfundiso zezemfundo E. N. Pavlovskogo

Imfundiso izifo zemvelo ebalulekile Academician Pavlovsky ingenye impumelelo evelele kunazo zonke isayensi yezinto eziphilayo.

imfundiso Pavlovsky uthi insimu yezinye namathafa, kukhona emaphaketheni izifo ezingase zidlulele kubantu. Lezi foci akhiwa ngesikhathi biogeocoenose yokuziphendukela kwemvelo eside.

Yemvelo isifo ebalulekile kwenzeka uma ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona link ezintathu:

• labantu kwamagciwane;
• labantu izilwane Sebawoti (amadamu) isifo Amagciwane;
• Vector labantu Amagciwane.

Ngokwesibonelo, izifo yemvelo ebalulekile zihlanganisa izilonda pendinskaya, ezivamile kwezinye izindawo-Asia Ephakathi. Leishmania kukhona ejenti causative lesi sifo. Ichibi Leishmania kukhona gerbils - sidla amagundane amancane ezihlala ezingwadule. A Leishmania adluliselwe ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa omiyane.

Kwenye indawo kungenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa samanje foci amaningi okuba nezifo, kubalulekile ukucabangela lapho asathuthuka izinyathelo.

Okunhlobonhlobo foci yemvelo

Yemvelo isifo ebalulekile kungaba ezimbili zama:

• monovektornoe - ukudluliselwa Amagciwane kusuka umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye bangahlanganyela yenethiwekhi eyodwa kuphela;
• polyvector - ukudluliswa kungenzeka izinhlobo eziningana zenethiwekhi.

EN Pavlovsky ngamnyama olunye uhlobo foci yemvelo - antropourgicheskie. Ukuvela lezi zikhungo ngenxa yezenzo zesintu futhi ikhono ezinye abathwali ukushintshela khona synanthropic. abathwali okunjalo, ezifana nomiyane imikhaza, zitholakala ngokuyinhloko izilungiselelo ezisemadolobheni noma yasemakhaya, ukuthi iseduze zokuhlala abantu.

Zithwala izifo zemvelo ebalulekile

izifo Yemvelo ebalulekile kungenziwa asakazwa ezimbili izinhlobo zenethiwekhi: ethize kanye nonspecific. Ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo abathwali ethize ejenti causative sihamba ezinye izigaba zokuphila umjikelezo yabo: liphindaphindeke, yakha, noma ngisho aphume Iqanda liphenduka isibungu. I-ejenti causative singalondoloza imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile emzimbeni kuphela Transporter ethize, zokubhekana naso ngokuhamba kwemvelo.

zithwala Nonspecific Amagciwane athutha wathutha. Kulokhu, i-ejenti causative isikhashana emfushane noma kwi lezi, noma emathunjini distributor.

Kanjani ukutheleleka kwenzeka ungakwazi?

Ukutheleleka izifo zemvelo ebalulekile singenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• ukungcoliswa zezimboni elihlobene ne umsebenzi kwenziwe ensimini ka ezindaweni ihlathi, noma eduze kwabo, ukutheleleka singenzeka ngesikhathi kwakhiwa noma egawula imisebenzi ngesikhathi kuvunwa yefilakisi, imifino nokunye njll..;
• ukungcoliswa lapho ukusebenza cottage ehlobo: ngokuvamile namagundane adlulisa izifo, sihlala ezindlini noma sisitshela ngokusondelana okwakuphakathi ehlobo, ukungcola kungenzeka kwenzeke lapho imuncwe indle omisiwe amagundane kanye amagundane;
• ukutheleleka zasekhaya ngokuvamile kwenzeka emakhaya, okuyinto etholakala eduze ihlathi, kungenxa yokuthi namagundane singene emadlangaleni, izinqolobane zewayini noma zokuhlala;
• ukutheleleka phakathi kwemikhono iDemo ehlathini, isibonelo, ukuhamba noma amatende uhambo.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu

Thikha yizinambuzane encephalitis - isifo eqondile yemvelo libhekene ukudakwa ezinzima kanye ukuhlulwa zobuchopho nomgogodla. Ngo iziguli ziba eziphikelelayo engelapheki nokulimala kobuchopho, mhlawumbe ebulalayo.

encephalitis Japanese - i isifo oyingozi, okwenzeka nge ukulimala kobuchopho futhi ulwelwesi lwalo. Othwala Japanese encephalitis omiyane. izimpawu Main: ukucobeka, ukukhathala, inkulumo iziyaluyalu futhi umbono, imfiva, Ukugodola nokuhlanza. Waba yini umphumela lapho iphuzwa ngokweqile is ebonwe 40-70% of amacala.

Amarabi - esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zemvelo eqondile. Izimpawu zihlanganise ukungahlaliseki, hypersensitivity ukuba ukukhanya okukhulu, ukuqwasha, ukuquleka, ngamarabi. Isiguli ubona ukuhhema, iba nolaka.

Foot nomlomo - sifo ebalulekile yemvelo ezithinta nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, embhedeni periungual futhi emphethweni phakathi kweminwe. Lwegciwane ingena emzimbeni ngokudla. Qala nokuyindawo abukhali ngokwanele, okwenzeka nge ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu lokushisa. Iningi Izibikezelo evumayo, nakuba izingane bangezwa eziyingozi.

Anthrax - lesi sifo has amafomu amabili: cutaneous kanye ukonakala. Ifomu cutaneous libhekene yokuthi kukhona izilonda eziningi. Leli fomu eba kancane ngokwanele kanye esilaphekayo. ifomu Septic kuyingozi ngaphezu ukufa kungenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa nje.

Prevention izifo ebalulekile yemvelo

Pavlovsky imfundiso izifo zemvelo ebalulekile eye yaba nethonya elikhulu endleleni indlela zokuvimbela. Nakuba ekuqaleni abantu ngesilinganiso esikhulu nokuvinjelwa kubhubhane incomeka labantu abanaleli gciwane nokubhujiswa zithwala, ezifana nomiyane imikhaza, namuhla Injongo eyinhloko nokuqedwa yezilwane amadamu.

Ukuze bazivikele ezifweni zemvelo ebalulekile, kubalulekile ukugcina eziningi izinyathelo zokuvimbela: ukwenza imigomo ngesikhathi esifanele, angazange kwendawo izilwane abathwali amagciwane, kanye lokuzivikela ukulunywa zithwala isinambuzane usebenzisa izingubo avaliwe noma usebenzisa imithi exosha ekhethekile .