Uyini unhlokweni http?

Sebenzisa izihloko http kukhona exchange kolwazi esemthethweni phakathi iklayenti kanye iseva. Lolu lwazi ongabonakali kubasebenzisi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle operation efanele isiphequluli. Ukuze abasebenzisi abavamile ulwazi mayelana nalesi futhi mayelana imisebenzi http izihloko kubonakale kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni zingenalo ulimi olunzima. Yilokhu ubhekene umsebenzisi web nsukuzonke.

Uyini http izihloko?

"Isidlulisilwazi kuwebhu" - ngakho ihumusha http unhlokweni. Ngenxa ukhona kakhulu, uxhumano kungenzeka phakathi "amaklayenti-server". Uma wachaza ngamazwi alula singathi, isiphequluli ithumela isicelo, eziqalisa Uxhumano kwiseva. Kugcine, ngokwakhona, balindelwe isicelo kusuka amaklayenti, icubungula, futhi ithumela emuva isifinyezo noma impendulo. Ebhokisini lokusesha, umsebenzisi "okhanda" ikheli lesayithi ukuthi iqala ngokuthi http: // futhi imiphumela eyatholakala ngesimo ikhasi ivulekile.

Uma kuprintwa ikheli lewebhu emgqeni efanayo, isiphequluli liyadingeka iseva usebenzisa DNS. Iseva uyakuqaphela unhlokweni http (elilodwa noma ambalwa), okuyinto umthumela ikhasimende, bese okukhiphayo unhlokweni eceliwe. Isethi siqukethe izihloko saziso nga pre-existing futhi akatholakalanga.

Ngokuvamile, http izihloko ngokwanele ngempumelelo. Ababona kubonakala ku-HTML esephepheni, bathunyelwa ulwazi oluceliwe. izihloko eziningi ithunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yiseva. Ukuze ulithumele e PHP, sebenzisa unhlokweni umsebenzi.

isiphequluli ukuxhumana kanye iwebhusayithi

Isikimu nokuxhumana phakathi isiphequluli kanye namasistimu isayithi ulula. Ngakho, http unhlokweni iqala string nombuzo, okuyinto ke ithunyelwa iseva. Besabela kuleso simemo, iklayenti idinga ulwazi iza. Phela, http olandelwayo iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa - esetshenziswa kakhulu kuyi-Internet. Kuyinto elula kakhulu, ethembekile, kuyashesha futhi sikulungele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. The main umsebenzi http - ukucela ulwazi kusuka web-iseva. Iklayenti isiphequluli kanye iseva - ligthttp, Apache, nginx. Uma uxhumano phakathi kwabo kuphumelele, iseva ekuphenduleni umbuzo uthatha ulwazi ofiselekayo. Imininingwane http okufaka umbhalo, amafayela alalelwayo, video.

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo kungenzeka ezokuthutha abanye. Isicelo iklayenti inezingxenye ezintathu:

• the starting line (umyalezo uhlobo);
• unhlokweni (ongakhetha umyalezo);
• umzimba kolwazi (umlayezo ehlukanisa umugqa elingenalutho).

Umugqa isiqalo - isici esiyisibopho Amasimu unhlokweni we http isicelo. isakhiwo isicelo umsebenzisi yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Indlela. Ngalo kubonisa uhlobo isicelo.
2. Indlela (indlela). Lo mugqa ye-URL, elandela domain.
3. I olandelwayo osetshenziswa. Siqukethe inguqulo protocol http.

iziphequluli Modern ukusebenzisa inguqulo 1.1. Kulandele izihloko ngefomethi "Igama: Inani".

HTTP-ukulondoloza isikhashana

Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi isilondolozi inikeza isitoreji ukubona i-HTML-Amakhasi namanye amafayela ku isilondolozi (kwimemori ezisebenza hard drive yakho). Lena ukuze kusheshiswe ukufinyelela kuwo futhi kabusha ukulondoloza kwe-bandwidth.

Isilondolozi isiphequluli iklayenti, Lesisemkhatsini kwesango iseva elibambayo. Ngaphambi ukuthumela umlayezo nge-URL, isiphequluli izohlola izinto kunqolobane. Uma into engekho, isicelo kuthunyelwa iseva elilandelayo, lapho ihlolwe ukulondoloza isikhashana http izihloko ku nginx iseva. Indlela futhi okuvota ezisetshenziswa abasebenzisi ezahlukene, ngakho isilondolozi labiwa.

HTTP-ukulondoloza isikhashana ayikwazi kakhulu kuphela kusheshiswe ukusebenza isayithi, kodwa futhi ukunikeza inguqulo endala yekhasi. Nge isilondolozi indawo lapho ukuthumela izihloko impendulo yabo. Lokhu angeke eligcinwe ngesinye isibukezo ulwazi oluceliwe nge-HTTP.

Incazelo http izihloko

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu izindlela isilondolozi kubhekwe http izihloko iphela. Lezi sematheni ubika okungapheli enikeziwe ulwazi impendulo. Abonisa isikhathi kanye nosuku lapho isilondolozi kubhekwa endala. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko ezifana elandelayo: Kuphelelwa yisikhathi: Wen, 30-Nov 2016 13:45:00 GMT. Lesi sakhiwo isetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kuhlanganise amakhasi isilondolozi nezithombe. Uma umsebenzisi ukhetha idethi amadala, ulwazi ngeke ezilondolozwe isikhashana.

Http proxy izihloko kukhona unhlokweni isixhumanisi isigaba. Abenzi lutho eligcinwe ngesinye isibukezo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuze isilondolozi ukuze isebenze kahle, i-URL ngayinye kumelwe ilingane komunye samuntu okuqukethwe. Uma ikhasi le isebenza ngezilimi ezimbili, inguqulo ngamunye kufanele URL yayo siqu. Isihloko buyehluka kuye isilondolozi igama nombuzo izihloko. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isibonisi nombuzo incike kusiphequluli, iseva idinga ukuthumela unhlokweni. Ngakho, ngo-isilondolozi zigcinwa izinguqulo ezihlukene imibuzo futhi idokhumenti izinhlobo. TTP ukwamukela unhlokweni liyadingeka bahlelekela izinhlu nezakhiwo okungenzeka imithombo esetshenziswa, nge kube lula ngempela ukusebenza, njengoba eqeda ezingadingekile.

Kunamaqembu ezine izihloko ukuthi edlula phezulu. Lawa sematheni main - basuke equkethwe iseva umbiko futhi iklayenti, isicelo kanye impendulo, kanye nemvelo. Lesi sakamuva uchaza okuqukethwe kwanoma iliphi imilayezo evela iklayenti kanye iseva.

HTTP kubhekwa ukugunyazwa ezengeziwe. Lapho lewebhu-ubuza ukuqinisekiswa iklayenti, isiphequluli ubonisa ifasitela ekhethekile ngamasimu ngokufaka igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Ngemva umsebenzisi ungena idatha yabo, isiphequluli ithumela http isicelo. Iqukethe isihloko "ukugunyazwa".

Kanjani ukubona sematheni?

Ukuze ubone unhlokweni http, udinga ukufaka izijobelelo kusiphequluli sakho, isibonelo, Firefox:

• Firebug. Buka izindaba ezihamba phambili, ungakwazi ithebhu net (inethiwekhi), lapho ukhetha zonke (bonke). Le plugin has izici eziyosisiza konjiniyela sewebhu.
• Phila http izihloko. Simple-plug-in ukuze ibukwe http izihloko. Ngalo kungenziwa elakhiwe ngesandla ukucela.
• Amalungu Ghrome kalula ukubona sematheni lapho uchofoza inkinobho izilungiselelo, ukhethe Amathuluzi onjiniyela (imisebenzi net).

Lapho izijobelelo efakiwe, uyisebenzise futhi uvuselele lakho lesiphequluli.

izindlela nombuzo

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa e-HTTP, zifana nalezi ziqondiso, okuyinto kuthiwa ngocansi ngesimo imilayezo kuseva. Lena izwi ekhethekile ngolimi lwesiNgisi.

• THOLA indlela. Isetshenziselwa ukucela ulwazi kusuka umtfombolusito. Kwaba naye zonke izenzo uqale.
• THUMELA. Ukusebenzisa ke uhanjiswe. Ngokwesibonelo, umyalezo engosini yokuxhumana nabantu noma amazwana, isiphequluli ubeka umzimba POST-isicelo futhi ithumela yona le iseva.
• INHLOKO. Le ndlela ofuze owokuqala, kodwa wenza umsebenzi yamaphaphu. Uyabuza kuphela imethadatha, ngaphandle umyalezo wokuphendula. Indlela esetshenziswa, uma befuna ukuthola ulwazi amafayela ngaphandle ukulanda. Yisebenzise uma befuna ukuhlola ukusebenza izixhumanisi on the server.
• BEKA. Ilayisha idatha ku-URL. It okuhambisa esiningi idatha.
• IZINKETHO. Ukusebenza iseva ukucupha.
• URL. Leli gama lembula umthombo futhi iqukethe URL.

Ukwakheka http impendulo

Iseva aphendvule izicelo sekhasimende emide. Impendulo siqukethe imigqa embalwa, okuyinto ukhombise inguqulo yomthetho olandelwayo, iseva ikhodi isimo (200). Ukhuluma lokho okushintshile kwi-server ngenxa nokucutshungulwa kwesicelo engenayo:

1. "Eyikhulu" isimo kubonisa processing ngempumelelo ulwazi. Iseva bese ithumela idokhumenti iklayenti. Ezinye izindaba zika-imigqa isicelo ibonisa neminye imininingwane mayelana nolwazi ngocansi.
2. Uma ifayela ayitholakali noma alikho, iseva okuthunyelwa iklayenti 404, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i iphutha.
3. Ikhodi 206 kubonisa ifayela ngokwengxenye ukulandwa, okuyinto ingaqhutshezwa emva kwesikhashana.
4. Ikhodi 401 kubonisa zokuchithwa ukugunyazwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhasi eliceliwe ivikelwe iphasiwedi kumele ifakwe ukuqinisekisa ukungena.
5. Ukuvinjelwa ukungeniswa, wathi ikhodi 403. Imikhawulo ukubukwa, okulandwayo noma ividiyo - evamile yokusabela ku-intanethi.
6. Kukhona nezinye izinguqulo ikhodi: ukuhamba okwesikhashana ifayela edingekayo, iphutha langaphakathi, ukuhamba wokugcina. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi ngeke uqondiswe. Uma ikhodi 500, okusho ukuthi kwakukhona ukuhluleka ukusebenza leseva.

I-URL - kuyini?

I-URL - inhliziyo kuwebhu yokuxhumana phakathi iklayenti kanye iseva. Isicelo ngokuvamile ethunyelwe nge-URL - iphrinta enombala. Isicelo-url isakhiwo silula. It inezigaba eziningana: http protocol (unhlokweni), hoot (ikheli iwebhusayithi), port, indlela resourte kanye nombuzo.

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo iyatholakala evikelekile https uxhumano kanye exchange kolwazi. I-URL-ikheli liqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokubekwa isayithi ethile kuyi-Internet. Ikheli kuhlanganisa igama lesizinda, indlela ekhasini, kanye negama layo.

I ethile eyinhloko yomsebenzi ku-URL - kungcono ukuxhumana engeyinhle zamagama Latin, kanye izinombolo kanye nezimpawu. I SEO nokwenza -url ikheli linendima ebalulekile.

Amacebo eziwusizo

Active abasebenzisi kanye nabasunguli ikhompyutha akuzona izindawo bajwayelane abanye iseluleko lochwepheshe eyanikezwa ochwepheshe emkhakheni:

• Khombisa izinsuku emva amafayela namadokhumenti, kuncike izibuyekezo. Imininingwane yezibalo inikezwe amagugu eliphezulu max yobudala.
• Idokodo ahlukene kufanele libe khona-URL eyodwa kuphela.
• Uma ifayela buyekeza okuzolandwa ngumsebenzisi, ukushintsha igama ukuxhumanisa ke. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi thwebula entsha, kunokuba idokhumenti yisikhathi.
• izihloko Kugcine-Kushintshwe kumelwe kuvumelane usuku samanje izinguquko zokugcina okuqukethwe. Akufanele yini resave Amakhasi namadokhumenti, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuzishintsha.
• Sebenzisa POST-isicelo it is kuphela lapho kudingeka. Nciphisa umsebenzi nge-SSL.
• Izihloko phambi iseva ukuthumela kufanele uhlole REDbot plugin.