Uyini amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo?

Ukubalwa amandla kagesi esetshenziswa ezimbonini noma yasendlini izinto zikagesi ngokuvamile eyenziwa nge ngokugcwele emandleni kagesi lamanje egeleza ngokusebenzisa kulinganiswa wesifunda. Kulokhu kukhona Inkomba ezimbili sibonakalisa Imininingwane amandla izindleko at service umthengi. Lezi zibalo ngokuthi amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo. Amandla Imininingwane yinani yalezi nemingcele ezimbili. Iqiniso lokuthi amandla anjalo asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo futhi kanjani ukuhlola inani lenkokhelo, sizozama ukuchaza kulesi sihloko.

amandla ngokugcwele

Ngokusho umkhuba esungulwe, abathengi bakhokha imali engaba awekho amandla net, okuyinto ngqo esetshenziswa emnothweni, futhi egcwele, esikuvumela ibhizinisi umhlinzeki. Hlukanisa lezi zibalo for amayunithi angakahleleki - amandla Imininingwane ulinganiswa volt angu-amperes (VA), futhi ewusizo - e kilowatts. amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo esetshenziswa zonke akukhuthalele kunethiwekhi kagesi.

amandla asebenzayo

Uphiko asebenzayo samandla Imininingwane owenza umsebenzi ewusizo futhi eguquliwe zezinhlobo amandla ezidingekayo kumthengi. A ingxenye yomkhaya nemishini ezimbonini ukubala kwamandla asebenzayo futhi sobala ziyafana. Phakathi zinsizakuphila - endzaweni lephephile kagesi, ama-globe kagesi, ugesi, ama-heater, ngamaketanga futhi ukucindezela ayina nokunye.

Uma iphasiphothi iqukethe amandla asebenzayo 1 kW, amandla ingqikithi leli thuluzi kuyoba 1 kVA.

Umqondo amandla esisheshayo

Lolu hlobo lwamandla esingokwemvelo ngamaketanga, njengengxenye lapho kukhona izakhi esisheshayo. amandla esisheshayo - iyingxenye zigcwele ukwenza, okungasekelwe esichithwa umsebenzi ewusizo.

wesifunda Electric DC umqondo wamandla esisheshayo engekho. Emaketangeni AC ingxenye esisheshayo kwenzeka kuphela esimweni lapho kukhona exhasa noma capacitive umthwalo. Kulokhu kukhona ukungahambisani esigabeni samanje ukuba esigabeni voltage. Lolu shintsho esigabeni phakathi voltage zamanje luchazwa «φ» uhlamvu.

Nge exhasa umthwalo lag esigabeni nasemkhakheni wesifunda ngaleso capacitive - kusengaphambili yayo. Ngakho-ke, umthengi iza kuphela ingxenye umthamo Imininingwane kanye ukulahlekelwa eziyinhloko ngenxa engenamsebenzi Ukushisa amadivayisi nezinto zikagesi ukusetshenziswa.

Amandla ukulahlekelwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokubakhona amadivayisi kagesi ohlobo exhasa futhi capacitors. Ngenxa yabo, phezu kwengungu isikhashana kukhona ukunqwabelana ugesi. Ngemva kwalokho, amandla agcinwe sidla emuva ku-circuit. Ngu insimbi, njengengxenye amandla ukusetshenziswa ephethe ingxenye esisheshayo wamandla kagesi, zingamathuluzi amandla ephathekayo, motors kagesi kanye ezihlukahlukene zikagesi zasendlini. Lokhu value ibalwa ikhumbula ikakhulukazi amandla isici, okuyinto luchazwa ngokuthi cos φ.

Ukubalwa amandla esisheshayo

Amandla isici itholakala ezahlukene kusuka 0.5 kuya 0.9; ukubaluleka ngqo sale ipharamitha ingatholakala passport ka lisebenze. amandla Okugcwele kumele kunqunywe njengoba quotient sokuhlukanisa amandla asebenzayo ngu Coefficient.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ipasipoti iqukethe sokuprakthiza kagesi amandla 600 W futhi ukubaluleka 0.6 ke amandla Imininingwane idliwe yidivayisi ilingana 600/06, isb 1000 VA. In the ukungabikho passport for Computing iyunithi amandla Imininingwane isilinganiso zingafundwa njengoba 0.7.

Njengoba omunye imisebenzi esemqoka ye ekhona ugesi izinhlelo kuyinto ukulethwa amandla ewusizo kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lo esisheshayo amandla ukulahlekelwa ezibhekwa kube isici ongathandeki, futhi ukwanda lesi sibalo ubiza ku umbuzo ukusebenza wesifunda kagesi iyonke. Ibhalansi kwamandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo yesifunda kungenziwa imidwebo amelwe ngesimo sibalo ezihlekisayo:

Inani Coefficient ukulahlekelwa bhalisiwe

Ayanda isici amandla kancane kuyoba kwadla amandla asebenzayo - futhi ngaleyo ndlela oyinhloko umthengi izindleko amandla kagesi ukusetshenziswa kancane eshibhile. Ukuze andise inani lale Coefficient e kagesi esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene isinxephezelo nontarget amandla ukulahlekelwa. Uhlawula divayisi ugesi outstripping zamanje bushelelezi-engeli isigaba phakathi wamanje kanye voltage. Ngenjongo efanayo, ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa capacitor ebhange. Basuke ixhumeke kuhambisana wesifunda ukusebenza futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku compensators undiza.

Kubalwa izindleko zikagesi amaklayenti yangasese

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa ngabanye amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo ekulandiseni ayabiwa - esikalini we share ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esisheshayo uphansi. Ngakho-ke, amakhasimende yangasese ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa amandla afinyelela ku 63 A akhokhe eyodwa bill, lapho bonke ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ubhekwa asebenzayo. ukulahlekelwa engeziwe esikuziphathimandla ukuze amandla esisheshayo akuyona eceleni labelwe futhi abakhokhelwa.

Izimali namandla esisheshayo amabhizinisi

Enye into - izinkampani kanye nezinhlangano. Ezakhiweni ezimbonini kanye izindawo zezimboni efakwe isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa zikagesi, futhi ugesi Imininingwane ingena kukhona ingxenye enkulu jet amandla esidingeka ekusebenzeni amabhlogo kagesi namandla. amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo enikeziwe yizinkampani nezinhlangano abadinga ngokwahlukana ecacile futhi enye indlela yokukhokha ngoba. Isisekelo somthetho we ubudlelwano ibhizinisi-komphakeli ugesi abasebenzisi bokugcina kulelo cala inkontileka ejwayelekile. Ngokusho imithetho ebekwe kule dokhumenti, inhlangano ukuthi kudla ugesi engaphezu kwengu-63 A, kudingeka idivayisi ekhethekile enikeza ukufundwa for esisheshayo amandla nezibalo nezinkokhelo.
Inethiwekhi ibhizinisi usungula esiphikisayo amandla esisheshayo futhi inkokhelo ngokwezindlela ubufakazi bakhe.

Esisheshayo amandla isici

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, esebenzayo futhi esisheshayo amandla kagesi bill ukuze abelwe imigqa ehlukene. Uma isilinganiso umthamo kagesi idliwe esisheshayo futhi ingeqi kuyinsakavukela esungulwe ke inkokhelo ukuze athole amandla esisheshayo icala. Isilinganiso Kumiswa ehlukile, inani layo kusho kuyinto 0.15. Ngenhla lokhu embundwini oqothulayo iziphakamiso ibhizinisi elibekwe uhlawula kudivayisi.

amandla esisheshayo e emafulethini

Umthengi ejwayelekile kagesi esinezindlu eziqashisayo nge-fuse eyinhloko ugesi kudliwe okweqa 63 A. Uma indlu kuphela indawo yokuhlala, izimali ngoba amandla esisheshayo lizokhokhiswa. Ngakho, abahlala isakhiwo sokuhlala ukubona ukushaja kuphela ugesi Imininingwane enikeziwe endlini manje-umphakeli. Ukulawulwa esifanayo siyasebenza izindlu co-op.

ezithile accounting amandla esisheshayo

Kunezikhathi lapho kukhona isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele nezinhlangano ngokuhweba, amafulethi. Ukufakelwa kukagesi ezindlini ezifana kulawulwa imithetho ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwehlukana kungase kube ubukhulu isikhala ephilayo. Uma endlini efulethini izinhlangano commercial hlala engaphansi kwengxenye endaweni ezisebenzisekayo, inkokhelo ukuze athole amandla esisheshayo icala. Uma iphesenti embundwini weqiwe ke kukhona izibopho inkokhelo ukuze athole amandla esisheshayo.

Kwezinye izimo, izindlu babhekana inkokhelo ukuze athole amandla esisheshayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma amaphuzu endlini uxhumano efakwe Uphakamisa for zokuhlala, ukukhokhiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esisheshayo sizimele kuphela alusebenzise. abanikazi Aphathimenti Namanje kuphela ukukhokhela amandla asebenzayo.

Ukuqonda isimo amandla asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka kahle ukubala umphumela kwezomnotho ukufakwa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene compensatory ukunciphisa umonakalo owabangelwa umthwalo esisheshayo. Ngokwezibalo, laba amadivaysi bekuvumela ukukhulisa ukubaluleka cos φ kusuka 0.6 kuya 0.97. Ngaleyo ndlela kudivayisi uhlawula ngokuzenzakalela Ungagcina kuze kufike ingxenye yesithathu ugesi yanikezwa abathengi. • Ukunciphisa abalulekile nokushisa kwandisa ukuphila imishini nemishini ezizindeni zokukhiqiza futhi kunciphisa tindleko imikhiqizo isiqedile.