UMsindisi Yegazi elichithwayo Petersburg (ithempeli). Isonto koMsindisi eBlood ezichithekile

UMsindisi Yegazi elichithwayo Petersburg ingenye amasonto amahle kakhulu, zemikhosi futhi iphile eRussia. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi e kwamaSoviet ke kwaba ukhohliwe. Manje walulama, lwenza ubuhle baso futhi okwakhe ezinkulungwane zezivakashi.

umlando

UMsindisi Yegazi elichithwayo Petersburg Yakhiwa ikhumbule uMbusi u-Alexander II. Emuva ngo-1881 on the spot lapho kamuva yamisa ethempelini, izenzakalo ezesabekayo zenzeka. 1 Mashi Tsar u-Alexander II yayimayelana Champ de Mars, lapho Kwakusazodlula mbukiso. Ngenxa isenzo amaphekula izimisele Narodnaya Volya I. I. Grinevitskim, uMbusi elambulala.

Ngu-oda ka-Aleksandru III endaweni yesehlakalo Yakhiwa Bandla uMsindisi eBlood ezichithekile, uma befika khona bayiswa kufanele ukuba enze inkonzo njalo abafileyo. Futhi wabelwa ethempelini igama uMsindisi Yegazi ezichithekile, igama elisemthethweni Church of the Resurrection.

Isinqumo ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Ukuze ukhethe best yezakhiwo iphrojekthi ithenda kwamenyezelwa ukuze kwakhiwe ithempeli. Kwaba khona abangu-abakhi ovelele kakhulu. Kuphela ngaleso umzamo wesithathu (njengoba izikhathi eziningi limenyezelwe emncintiswaneni) , u-Alexander III wakhetha kuyiprojekti okwabonakala kuye ofanele kakhulu. Umbhali wayo Alfred Parland futhi Archimandrite Ignatius.

UMsindisi Yegazi elichithwayo Petersburg yayakhiwe iminikelo ukuthi zathathwa emhlabeni wonke. Umnikelo kuyinto baseRussia hhayi kuphela kodwa izakhamuzi kwamanye amazwe Slavic. umbhoshongo insimbi izindonga emva ukwakhiwa ethwele amajazi eziningi izikhali Izifundazwe eziningi ezahlukene, amadolobha, izifunda, owadela ukonga, bahlakazeka bonke eyenziwe KaMose. In the main engu- isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi wamiswa umqhele eyayibhalwe njengesibonakaliso sokuthi uneqhaza elikhulu ukuze ukwakhiwa wenza umndeni lehloniphekile. Lonke inani wokwakha ruble 4.6 million.

Cathedral Isakhiwo

Babeka esontweni ngo-1883, ngesikhathi kuqala ukwakhiwa yephrojekthi ingakamiswa ekugcineni evunyiwe. Kuleli qophelo, umgomo oyinhloko ukuqinisa inhlabathi, ngakho ubizwa bangaveziwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ngoba eduze kwaba Griboyedov Canal, kanye ekubekeni isisekelo esiqinile.

Leli thempeli ngokwayo uMsindisi eBlood elichithwayo Petersburg wakhela ngo-1888. egwadle Gray esetshenziselwa abami cap odongeni wabeka ngezitini ezibomvu onsundu, izinduku, ozimele i-Windows, emaceleni ayenziwa ngesikhumba Estland zemabula. Cap ehlotshiswe egwadle amabili amabhodi, okuyinto libala izinqumo main nokufeza ka-Alexander II. Ngu-1894, ama-vaults main lombhishobhi ezakhiwa, ukuze 1897 wanezela izahluko ezimbili ayisishiyagalolunye. Iningi lazo zambozwa multi anemibala koqweqwe lwawo elikhanyayo.

umhlobiso ethempelini

Izindonga ethempelini, Dome, umbhoshongo kutsetselelwe emangalisayo amaphethini zokuhlobisa, egwadle, imifekethiso, koqweqwe lwawo ubucwebe, amibalabala. Encwadini ekhethekile bheka nemengamo ezimhlophe, izindawo zokudlala, kokoshniki ku ngemuva ngezitini zokuhlobisa abomvu. Le ndawo isamba KaMose (ngaphakathi nangaphandle) imayelana ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha square metres. yobuciko KaMose zazisekelwe imidwebo ngabaculi omkhulu Vasnetsov, Parland, Nesterov, Koshelev. Icala langasentla loba ngamawaka olungaphambili lwesonto lihlotshiswe "Uvuko" uye kuxazululwe phezu iphaneli eningizimu "Kristu eNkazimulweni". On the olungaphambili lwesonto entshonalanga lihlotshiswe isithombe "Face Ongcwele", nasempumalanga ungabona "Kristu Isibusiso".

UMsindisi Yegazi elichithwayo Petersburg, abambalwa eliqoshiwe eMoscow Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Kodwa design nobuciko kakhulu futhi lathumela uhlukile kakhulu futhi original.

Ngaphansi kohlelo, lombhishobhi kuyinto isakhiwo quadrangular, amaHubo bugcizelelwa izinhloko domes ezinkulu ezinhlanu futhi ezine ezincane kancane. South, olungaphambili lwesonto enyakatho ehlotshiswe pediments, kokoshniki, icala lasempumalanga libe ngamawaka - ezintathu enesihlungu oyindilinga ne cupolas segolide. Entshonalanga iyona amahle isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi nge Dome eyayibhalwe.

Nobuhle kusuka ngaphakathi

Yindawo yethempeli - isinqamu engcwele Catherine Canal. Kuhlanganisa slabs kuvuleke, cobblestones, ingxenye ngehele. Indawo lapho umbusi wafa, kwanqunywa ukuba ashiye isetshenzwe. Kute kwetfulwe loluhlelo ayeshintshe yashayisa unqenqema kanye isisekelo sethempeli wathutha isiteshi kuqhakanjiswe ngo-8.5 amamitha.

Ezinhle kakhulu futhi okunenjongo Petersburg ngokuphepha Libizwa ngeBandla koMsindisi Yegazi. Izithombe iwubufakazi balokho. Ngaphansi umbhoshongo insimbi ncamashi on the spot lapho kwakukhona khona ingoti, kuba "Ukubethelwa ne kungafiki". Isiphambano oyingqayizivele wenza egwadle namatshe amhlophe amaningi. Ezinhlangothini ezibekwe imifanekiso yabangcwele.

I ingaphakathi design - umhlobiso wethempeli - oluyigugu kakhulu futhi mkhulu kakhulu kunanoma yangaphandle. KaMose koMsindisi ahlukile, zenziwa ngokuvumelana imidwebo amakhosi adumile shayela: Kharlamov, Belyaeva, Koshelev, Ryabushkina, Novoskoltseva nabanye.

umlando okwengeziwe

Wethula ngayingcwelisa lombhishobhi kwaba ngo-1908. Kwakungekhona nje ethempelini, kwaba esontweni-Museum kuphela, isikhumbuzo uMbusi u-Alexander II. Ngo-1923, iSonto uMsindisi eBlood ezichithekile yazuza kufanele isimo thempeli, kodwa intando isiphetho noma ngenxa yeziyaluyalu ushintsho zomlando, ngo-1930 esontweni savalwa. Lesi sakhiwo wanikezwa Society of Iziboshwa Political. Kule minyaka edlule, kwenziwa isinqumo ukudiliza ithempeli phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuwavimbele impi. Ngaphambi abaholi ngaleso sikhathi kuphakamisa eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.

Ngenkathi abaseBhabhiloni bevimbezele abesabekayo Leningrad isakhiwo sesonto lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela morgue edolobheni. Ngemva kwempi, Maly Opera Theatre wanika lapha yokugcina izimpahla ezinhle.

Ngemva ushintsho amandla kuhulumeni waseSoviet, ithempeli ekugcineni neyaziwayo somlando. Ngo-1968, yena uza ngaphansi kwesivikelo neThimba State, futhi ngo-1970 iSonto Uvuko kaKristu kuthiwa legatsha "Cathedral St-Isaka." Phakathi nale minyaka, lombhishobhi iyaqala ukuvuseleleka. Ukubuyiselwa kwenzeka kancane futhi kuphela 1997 njengoba Museum koMsindisi eBlood ezichithekile bamukela izivakashi.

Ngo-2004, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70, i-Metropolitan uVladimir ngakhonza ethempelini Nowaphezulu.

Namuhla, noma ubani ovakashela Petersburg, ulwela uvakashele uMsindisi Yegazi achithekile. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Amahora okuvula akuvumela ukuba wenze lokhu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ehlobo esuka 10 ekuseni kuya ku-22 ntambama, ebusika kusuka 10 kuya 19.

Ilondolozwe ku Igazi (eYekaterinburg)

Uma sikhuluma ukuhlupheka ukuthi wahlupheka umndeni Romanov, ingasaphathwa yebandla eYekaterinburg. Kulomuzi umndeni Agasti bachitha izinsuku zabo zokugcina, endaweni yokufa kwabo, nozalo esakhiwe uMsindisi Yegazi achithekile. Imephu edolobheni ebonisa ukuthi leli sonto lakhiwa esizeni Ipatiev House. Njengoba indaba uthi, le ndlu lathathwa amaBolshevik ngesikhathi unjiniyela Ipatiev. Lapho umkhaya Romanov wagcinwa izinsuku 78. Julayi 17, 1918 bonke abafel 'ukholo badutshulwe emiphongolweni. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, inkumbulo umkhaya wasebukhosini ochotshoziwe ukungcolisa. Ngo-1977, ngesikhathi Ukulungiswa CPSU Central Committee yendlu sabhidlizwa, ukuhola umcimbi wayala BN Yeltsin. Ngo Umlando wakhe, esehlakalweni amchaza ngokuthi ngesihluku, ngemiphumela okungakwazi ukulungiswa.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Kuphela 2000 kusayithi zalesi sibhicongo waqala ukuqondisa ukwakhiwa kwethempeli. Igama elisemthethweni "ISikhumbuzo Church Igazi e Ukuhlonishwa Bonke Osanta." Lowo nyaka kwakungu-ukukhazinyuliswa ozala uNicholas II. Kakade 2003, ngomhla ka-July 16 ukuvulwa mkhosi, ukukhanyisa wethempeli.

Isakhiwo, obude elingamamitha angu-60, ine domes ezinhlanu, endaweni ingqikithi square metres ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. isitayela Russian-WaseByzantium yezakhiwo ugcizelela austerity futhi ubuhle isakhiwo. Inxanxathela bakha ithempeli yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. I engenhla ithempeli - uphawu izibani ezingafi, ovuthayo kukhunjulwa yenhlekelele eyenzeka lapha. Lower omngcwabo ethempelini itholakala egumbini ingxenye. Kuhlanganisa ikamelo labadubuli lapho kukhona khona izinsalela endlini yokuqala Ipatiev. INgcwelengcwele I-Altare itholakala ngqo kusayithi lapho umndeni Romanov wabulawa kabuhlungu. Ngokushesha sakha Museum lapho ziphephile elalinikezelwe Izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila asebukhosini.

Njalo ngonyaka ebusuku ekhumbulekayo Julayi 17 ethempelini labetibambile umlindelo izimfundiso, eyaphumela udwendwe (25 km) kuya Ganina Yama - kule ishiywe okwami kwalethwa umzimba ngemva kokubulawa. Izinkulungwane zezihambeli uza lapha njalo ngonyaka ukuze ngincome Regal Yabafel 'Ukholo, ukukhothamela ngilahlekile.