Umshayo - a ... Kuyini umshayo futhi lapho esetshenziswa?

Umshayo - ingxenye uhlelo ngokusekelwa kophahla bamisa, okuyinto alisetshenziswa ikhophi eyodwa, futhi lisetshenziswa njengendlela ukwakhiwa truss. Le ngxenye siqukethe zikhala mpo, imishayo olwehlelayo futhi struts ezitshekile. Uma kudingekile, imishayo ziyaqiniswa ezansi a imishayo podstropilnym.

Kuyini umshayo

Umshayo - isici isisekelo lonke uhlelo, liqukethe a ezitshekile struts, imishayo yomumo futhi uprights. Ukusekelwa wenziwa lokhuni lwamakholi izakhiwo on the imiqhele. Kodwa uma kuziwa ukubiyela izakhiwo, sihlobene senziwe phezulu amahanisi, kuyilapho nakha izindlu ngamatshe abaziweyo asethwe ku mauerlat abamelela amabhodi ukujiya esiphezulu 160 mm. Mauerlat ingabekwa eduze ubude besakhiwo noma nje unyawo umshayo. Esimeni lapho umlenze truss has a ububanzi ingxenye izakhi ezincane ehle njengombana isikhathi sikhamba. Ukuze kuqedwe lesi simanga, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa hlupha, okuyinto ingxenye struts, izinsika kanye imishayo.

Ukuze besokunxele kanye izingodo kukhona amabhodi esetshenziswa whose banzi kungaba 150 mm, kuyilapho ukushuba 25 mm. Ukuze ulungise umshayo usebenzisa kokuqina, okuyinto uxhuma Ezansi semishayweni. Lapho beya kwi-elementi kokuqina kungase konakalise ukuphela ubuqotho. Ukuze ugweme ilele, truss umlenze kufanele nokuqiniswa kokuqina ngu notching. Semishayweni kumelwe asuswe imiphetho 400 mm.

isidingo ukusebenzisa

Konke lokhu isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuzinza ophahleni izinga ngaphansi imithwalo eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho uphahla ke athole izakhiwo nokwethenjelwa semishayweni uthumele umthwalo isisindo lonke uhlelo, futhi iqhwa isakhiwo ukwesekwa yangaphakathi. Uma isakhiwo has a span ezincane, sebenzisa naslonnye semishayweni. Uma kungekho izisekelo Lesisemkhatsini, kubalulekile ukuhilela ukwakhiwa semishayweni uyahlanganyela.

Baphi semishayweni

Umshayo - isici yesimiso okukhulu lukhuni ophahla. Kuye ngalokho tesakhiwo ngeke babe nophahla, sebenzisa ezahlukene truss uhlelo. Nge ukwakhiwa samanje kube semishayweni kanye ukufulela izinhlelo sisonke kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile, phakathi kwabo:

• usizo;
• ongaphakeme ukufakwa izindleko zokukhiqiza;
• ukuqina;
• amandla;
• ukufakwa lula;
• ukusebenza; sobuhle bayo.

Umshayo - i-elementi engasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni uphahla uni Ohlangothi, bi futhi ephukile. Lezo zinto ekhona ophahleni Sudeikin. Esimweni sokuqala, imishayo ngesimo imishayo, esindayo Kwenziwa odongeni, kaningi iholela ophahleni esizakala ngawo. I uphahla kuleli cala kumele pre-eklanyelwe, ngakho kuphela ingasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa umthwalo phezu kophahla. Umshayo, ukubaluleka okuyinto okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni ingasetshenziswa kophahla gable, kulesi simo uhlelo has a truss elingunxantathu, okuyinto ahlelwe nge-engela ezithile. Izinyawo kufanele kube ku mauerlat, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ifakwe imishudo futhi besokunxele.

Uma ufuna ukushiya isikhala ukuhlela ekamelweni elisophahleni, kufanele enze ngobugebengu ophahleni truss uhlelo okuzoba nzima. Kulokhu, ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana Trusses. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi original kakhulu futhi ekhangayo is Sudeikin uphahla. Kulokhu, imishayo kuthiwa kuhlobene yakha ezine kummango esingunxantathu. uhlelo okunjalo kufanelekile square imisebenzi.

Kuyini umshayo ngokuya tesakhiwo

Ukhululekile afeze ekwakhiweni kophahla. Semishayweni ukubunjwa yayo bangase. Kulokhu, iyunithi engenhla omiswe lomnyango, futhi phansi - ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana elintantayo. Okunjalo semishayweni ukwakhiwa ngesimo iphrofayela izinhlelo abizwa ngokuthi non-lisakazeka. Kulesi simiso, akukho umthwalo phezu mauerlat yokudlulisela. Ridge uxhumano kungenzeka isandla ku eziveza mauerlat kwenzeka nge lomnyango. Kulokhu, amandla wokuvula idluliselwa odongeni. Lolu hlelo, elihlanganisa ukulengiswa futhi naslonnye semishayweni, olubizwa nangokuthi ama-hybrid. load sekulinganisa - isimiso esiyisisekelo zalesi simiso. Isisindo semishayweni ophahleni wamukela izinyawo axhunyiwe ekupheleni ekupheleni futhi sisebenza ejikeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yokhalo ugongolo akuyona element saziso, ngoba cishe esingasebenzi.

serekhodi

Spacer semishayweni, izithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi kufanele axazulule ngokuphathelene izinga ukukhishwa abaxhumene aboshelwe. imikhiqizo Oku-e ukuba yamba imbobo, ogama ubukhulu kufanele ube enye milimitha esingaphansi ububanzi we umshudo noma stud. Uma makhulu kakhulu, ngokuhamba umsebenzi kungalimala mauerlat.

Kukhethwa impahla

Igama umshayo manje eyaziwa zonke Umakhi, kodwa akuzona zonke handyman ujwayelene nalokho ukwaziswa kwekhethelo ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla izakhi idatha uphahla. Ngesisekelo angase alale ugodo, Monolithic kwagcizelela ukhonkolo izakhiwo noma insimbi. Ngenxa isinyathelo sokugcina noma steel lashukumisa, esimweni sokuqala kungenzeka ukuthola ukwakhiwa engasindi. Ekukhetheni impahla, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuba banake injongo ukwakhiwa. Lokhu kufanele kunakwe futhi umthwalo kulindeleke ophahleni. semishayweni Ngokhuni asetshenziswa ngokuvamile kakhulu lokhu akhethiwe eliphezulu ethe njo ugodo laminated noma okhunini oluqinile. Ukuze usebenze kudingeka singagcini nje ugodo, kodwa futhi amathuluzi wokubaza, kanye izakhi kokungathembeki. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa laminated yokwakha yaseGrisi amapulangwe, yena kufanele abe nobubanzi ezisukela 12 kuya 18 m, kodwa wonke izingodo kanye amapulangwe kungaba kwanoma iyiphi design.