Umqondo iphrojekthi: izibonelo

Kunoma ikuphi into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuqala kwesokudla. Lesi sitatimende kuyinto ngempela kuyiqiniso lokuphathwa manje ethandwa phrojekthi. Ngakho Ngingayithathaphi uqale iphrojekthi? Uyini umqondo yephrojekthi? Izibonelo futhi isisekelo ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-izimpendulo zale mibuzo omenyiwe ngani kulesi sihloko.

Project lwempilo futhi lowo Mkhiqizo

iyiphi project management uku ezinzima kuncike izigaba zokuphila yayo umjikelezo.

Kudlulwa izigaba ezithile ukuthuthukiswa, iphrojekthi Ushintshe futhi kudinga letisha ukulawula nokuphatha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umjikelezo wokuphila iphrojekthi ayifani umjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo, okudaliwe enqubeni noma umphumela kusebenta kwaso. Umkhiqizo iqala ukuba khona kusukela ekudalweni zonke izingxenye zawo futhi ngokuhlanganisa wawayisa intfo yinye, okuyinto lingathengiswa noma esetshenziswa ukuze kuzuze umnikazi. Kulokhu, umkhiqizo kungadalwa:

• ngenxa yephrojekthi (uma ungomunye imigomo yakhe);
• inqubo yayo ukuqaliswa (uma umkhiqizo ingenye izinyathelo ukufeza noma iyiphi yezinhloso zalo);
• ngaphambi kokuqala (uma kuwumbandela ukhona iphrojekthi);
• Ngemva kokuphothulwa (uma akuyona inhloso).

Ngakho, "umugqa ukuphila" yephrojekthi kanye umkhiqizo ingahlanganiswa nolunye noma cha sawela, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi esinye nesinye sithembele kesinye.

Izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila iphrojekthi

Isigaba esiyinhloko ubhekwa:

1. Ukuqaliswa.
2. Development.
3. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa.
4. Ukugcwaliswa.

Kodwa akukhona nje ophikweni lwethu. Njengengxenye usebenzisa ezintathu isigaba umjikeleto wemphilo yephrojekthi kokuhlaziywa zezimali amaphrojekthi kunazo zonke:

1. isigaba Oku-utshalomali (Ukulungisiswa ukutshalwa kwezimali).
2. Investment esiteji (uxhaso).
3. Kwe- senzakalo (kokuhlaziywa kwezomnotho yephrojekthi).

Kukhona imininingwane eminingi hhayi isakhiwo njengoba lovumelanako iphrojekthi umjikeleto wemphilo, okuyizinto abaphathi, kuncike esikalini imibono, yenhlangano ukuphathwa isakhiwo kule nkampani, igatsha umsebenti wetemnotfo. Noma kunjalo, into siyinake kungukuqala - esigabeni yokuqalisa, noma ngamanye amazwi, umbono iphrojekthi.

Kuyini Ukuqalwa?

Ukuqaliswa, ukuthuthukiswa noma umqondo design kuhlanganisa iqoqo izinqubo okwagcina kunqunywa umphathi, kuzinto ahlukahlukene zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuholele uhlu jikelele imibuzo kufanele sithole izimpendulo kulesi sigaba:

1. Yiziphi izimfanelo for the ukugcwaliseka kwale phrojekthi ikakhulukazi?
2. Okufakazela isidingo nokuqaliswa kwalo?
3. Kuyini imvelo bangaphandle imibono?
4. Ziyini izimpokophelo main?
5. Kuyini ngokwezinga ngobuchwepheshe umqondo ngempela?
6. Yiziphi ngokwezezimali of samuntu ezandisiwe umqondo?
7. Ingabe ikhona nokuqonda okucacile isikhathi sokuqala?

umqondo uhlelo lokusebenza sihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

1. Incazelo yezindlela eziyinhloko ukusebenzisa umqondo.
2. Ukwabela Umthwalo omkhulu ekusebenzeni.
3. Ukunqunywa inombolo kanye nokwakheka neqembu elalenza lo msebenzi.
4. Ukubeka okulindelwe babambimsuka.
5. Kumiswa uhlu ezandisiwe izinqubo.
6. Uhlaziyo okudidiyelwe izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kufezwe izinhloso kushiwo.
7. Ubungozi ukuhlaziywa nekucabangela.
8. Ukusungulwa kwe-jikelele uhlelo project management.
9. Ukugunyaza (ukuqala).

Umqondo project ekugcineni ukuthuthukisa sisekelo ohlanganisa konke izinkinga futhi izinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla. Ukunemba izinombolo wabhekisela kule dokhumenti, ngokuvamile ingeqi 25%, kusafanele ayadingeka isiqalo sokuqala le phrojekthi.

charter Development

Kumiswa umqondo yephrojekthi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle inqubo benta luhlaka lwembhalo, ememezela khona kanye eliqukethe, ngaphezu nezidingo yasekuqaleni futhi imigomo, njengoba amandla yomphathi kanye nenani imithombo ahlinzekwe.

Project Charter ngokucacile ehlelekile futhi kufanele siphathe izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlu izinguquko ezinkulu.

2. kwezimvume Ishidi.

3. Ukulandisa jikelele:

• imigomo;
• Isizathu;
• Kulindeleke imiphumela;
• umkhiqizo wokugcina kumbe ilitshe kube yilo sokugcina;
• izigaba eziyinhloko lokuqaliswa;
• abathintekayo yephrojekthi abakulindele;
• izingozi, ezicatshangwayo, ukulinganiselwa;
• inqubo control isikimu nethimba.

4. izimiso Basic umsebenzi.

5. Imibhalo ehlobene.

Ekubhaleni leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani, njengoba umthetho, esetshenziswa uchwepheshe ulinganisela indima esemqoka lapho udlala umphathi afanelekayo phrojekthi.

Ukukhomba abathintekayo

Ukwakha umqondo msebenzi kakhulu abantu abathintekayo intshisekelo eqondile e umphumela. Ukuhlonza abanjalo kuyadingeka ukuhlola izici ezithinta le phrojekthi. Njengengxenye lesi sinyathelo wenziwa ukuqondanisa yemigomo ne abazuzayo ukhiye, inchazelo yesifundvo Izindima zalabo abathintekayo nenkhulumombiko, ukubhekwa kobungozi nokungaqiniseki elihlobene ne-ukungqubuzana ongenakugwenywa isithakazelo, ukuthuthukiswa lezi zinhlobo ekwazisa abantu mayelana nenqubekela phambili imibono.

Lonke ulwazi mayelana ngendlela ethile kwesiyingi abantu elondolozwe ku ebhukwini abathintekayo. Lokhu irejista uyatholakala umphathi yephrojekthi uzisebenzisela ukulawula esishintshashintshayo kanye degree kwethonya izinqubo zebhizinisi kanye nethimba.

umqondo Adoption

Ngaphambi ukwamukelwa umqondo nje onjalo akukho licwebile futhi izinguquko kuzo zonke izingxenye oyiyo branched: uxhaso, amasu ukuqaliswa, amathonya, izingozi, njll Kusolakala umqondo yephrojekthi kuphela emva kokubonisana nazo zonke izinhlaka, kuhlanganise uhulumeni kanye kwezinhlaka zomasipala ...

Ukwethulwa nomqondo

Umqondo we umsebenzi wenziwa ngokusebenzisa isu, silotshwe. Ngokuhamba ekusebenziseni umbono kunezinguquko ahlukahlukene ezilotshwe futhi kuvunywe ukuphathwa ezithinta sendaba. Ukuqapha lezi zinguquko nokulawula izinga - mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphathwa izinqubo ngesikhathi ukuqaliswa umqondo.

Isibonelo 1: Umqondo umsebenzi wokwakha

Ukuthuthukiswa umqondo wokwakha kumele zifaka:

• ngesakhiwo ukuhlaziywa;
• ekwakheni imingcele;
• isimo samanje insimu;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-lungaba ukuthuthukiswa yayo;
• ukuhlaziya emakethe ingcebo (umthamo wayo, izingxenye);
• ukuhlonza encintisana ezingase zivele;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-Dynamics funa;
• ukuhlonza abathengi ezingaba khona.

Imininingwane yalolu wokwakha angabhekwa ukushintshashintsha ukusetshenziswa komhlaba etholakalayo. kokuhlaziywa Unjiniyela lapha iza kuqala ukwakheka imiqondo. Ukuze afeze uzokhetha esetshenziswa SWAT-ukuhlaziywa, ukumodeliswa multifactorial kanye namanye amathuluzi.

Ngemva ekhuluma ngayo kulezi zinto ezibalulekile iyawakha uMthethosisekolo ochitshiyelwe, okuyinto, ngaphezu izigaba okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kumele aqukethe:

• Ukuthuthukisa umqondo (izici eziyisisekelo isayithi, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha yecebo, izeluleko izinqumo yezakhiwo nokuhlela nezinto zokwakha, izisekelo Landscaping);
• umqondo ukumaketha (zamanani isu, uhlelo silinganisiwe yokuthengisa / Leasing, ukukhuthazwa isu);
• uhlelo zezimali (izidingo utshalomali, inzuzo umhlahlo, isheduli eseduze lokungena nokuphuma kwemali).

Isibonelo 2. Umqondo ezishintshayo uhlelo ukuqaliswa

Ukuthuthukisa isingeniso umqondo iphrojekthi ye-yokuthengisa uhlelo ezenzakalelayo for esitolo sezincwadi kuzomele sifake izihloko ezithile ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa izincwadi emakethe Inthanethi ngokuya ivolumu kanye nezindleko kokusebenza.
• Icacisa izindleko okuqukethwe esitolo online.
• Yazi izidingo izimakethe ezengeziwe amabhuku ekhona esitolo.

Umqondo lo sesimanje umsebenzi esitolo ngeke ube nezinhloso eziningana: ukudalwa esitolo online, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle yayo futhi sifinyelele ezingeni othize oda ngokusebenzisa umthombo entsha online.

Izinjongo okunjalo ingatholakala ngokulandelana imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuthuthukiswa ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe;
• kubulawa imisebenzi ku esitolo inthanethi;
• ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ukudiliva ukushicilela izincwadi yabathengi;
• ukukhangisa;
• izivumelwano zokukhokha izinhlelo inthanethi.

Isibonelo 3. Umqondo sesimanje

Umqondo iphrojekthi ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ku umjikelezo ekhona ukukhiqizwa njalo isakhiwa, ikhumbula imininingwane yalolu kwamabhizinisi kanye netimo tekutsi kusebenta kwato. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhomba "izakhi sengozini" yochungechunge ukukhiqizwa (ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha kufanele noma esikhundleni ezindaweni inkinga, noma cha, ukuze kuvuswe ngokwehluleka kwabo ngenxa yokwephulwa ubuqotho umjikelezo komsebenzi).
• Thuthukisa uhlelo of isingeniso ngeengaba ubuchwepheshe obusha (ufake uhlelo ku inqubo ukukhiqizwa ezingeni elisha - eyamsiza we sesimanje, njengoba amaqembu ukungalingani isinyathelo futhi abakhiqizi kungaba negate yonke kwemali esetshenziswe ukuthuthukiswa).
• Ukulinganisa abaqashwa ukuphathwa kanye nokugcinwa imishini emisha.

Phakathi izimpokophelo iphrojekthi enjalo, njengoba umthetho, kumele bucaciswe, izici ukukhiqizwa zibuyekezwe ivolumu kanye nesivinini khulula.

Banikezwe ngenhla, kusobala ukuthi umcabango we phrojekthi ihlanganisa amalungiselelo main eziphathelene nokuqukethwe kwalo, izinzuzo zomnotho, abheke ukuthi kungenzeka nemiphumela. Kule ndaba, amalungiselelo nekutfutfuka kwelizinga lekucabanga imibono emisha okudingekayo ukuthuthukisa noma ukuqala ibhizinisi elisha, kubalulekile ukuhlela, ukuhlola kanye ukuxoxisana ngaphambi kokudlulela ushintsho lwangempela nezindlela zokutshala imali.