Umqedazwe - Yini leyo? Outbreak Izimbangela

Umqedazwe - kuba ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba emkhathini kanye nesikhathi isifo esithathelwanayo, lizinga okuyinto izikhathi eziningana mkhulu kunezinhliziyo inkomba kwezibalo bhalisiwe e endaweni lesion. Izisulu lesi sifo siba eziningi abantu, endaweni nesilinganiso emikhulu isenzo ukutheleleka alinaso imingcele futhi ihlanganisa indawo encane, futhi lonke leli zwe. Ukuqubuka ngasinye ingase ihluke nasesikhathini esedlule futhi kuhambisana izimpawu empandeni, kuncike ezicini eziningana. Lo moya, isimo sezulu, umfutho womoya, indawo, izimo zenhlalo-sanitary. Umqedazwe virus ukutheleleka libhekene lechubekako yokudlulisela kusukela komunye umuntu, okusho uchungechunge okuqhubekayo of ngokulandelana ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezithathelwanayo.

Izifo, ezingamabhande ezikhula zibe kubhubhane

Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu, ithatha indlela umqedazwe yilezi:

• Inhlupheko.
• Ikholera.
• Umkhuhlane.
• Anthrax.
• Typhus.
• Ebola.

I-Black Death - isifo

Inhlupheko (aka "Black Death") - yesifo esibi, lapho yabhubhisa namadolobha, angasulwa umhlaba kwalesi sigodi futhi emzaneni. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala lesi sifo ukulotshwa ekhulwini VI kuba ifu belusizi wasibekela ezweni uMbuso WaseRoma Wasempumalanga, kwashona amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu futhi umbusi wabo uJustinian. Coming eGibithe futhi liye lasakazekela empumalanga nasentshonalanga izinkomba - nasogwini Afrika maqondana Aleksandriya ngokusebenzisa eSiriya nasePalestina ku kwelifa loonyana West Asia - nalesi sifo ngokunganaki 532 580 ngonyaka hit emazweni amaningi. indlela yaKhe "ukufa abamnyama" ukwenza imizila yezohwebo kanye nemida, unceremoniously sneak ngokujulile leli zwekazi. Its isiqongo isifo ufinyelelwe, ukungena eGreece naseTurkey kule minyaka 541-542, bese ensimini ka-Italy yesimanje, eFrance naseJalimane. Nakuba labantu Eastern uMbuso waseRoma kuyehla ngesigamu. Njalo umoya, ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva, ukucobeka babe ingozi kancane futhi akazange isiqinisekiso Awakening womuntu ekuseni.

inhlupho umkhankaso wakhe wesibili esabekayo okuphindaphindiwe ekhulwini XIV, ezithinta wonke amazwe aseYurophu. eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu ngaphambili wokubusa sifo kwabulala abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-40. Izizathu ukusabalala abushelelezi igciwane lalivela ukungabi namakhono inhlanzeko aphansi, ukungcola kanye nobumpofu: jikelele. Ngaphambi lesifo engenamandla odokotela kanye kadokotela nabo. Ukuze kulahlwe izidumbu siswele izindawo, ngakho wemba omkhulu ukuthi wagcwala amakhulu izidumbu. Kanjani amadoda amaningi anamandla, abesifazane abahle, izingane lovely squinted kabuhlungu, ukuphula iketango amakhulu izizukulwane.

Emva kwemizamo akuphumelelanga kodokotela sesibona ukuthi kudingeka ukusebenzisa kwemihlambi abagulayo kusukela enempilo. Khona-ke, futhi livele ngokuhlukaniswa, owawungumnyaka isithiyo sokuqala ukuze alwe namagciwane. Sakha izindlu ekhethekile lapho iziguli waqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-40 ngaphansi nomyalo oqinile yokuya ngaphandle. Ufike Maritime Ezokuthutha Futhi wayaleza ukuba ame imigwaqo izinsuku ezingu-40, ngaphandle kokushiya port.

Igagasi yesithathu yalolu bhadane lesi sifo eseya China ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukuthatha naye izinyanga ezingu-6 abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-174. Ngo-1896, washayiswa India, owashonelwa ngaleyo nkathi edabukisayo ye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12. Kwalandela iNingizimu Afrika, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. iziphathi-Chinese zezinhlupho, uhlamvu sezimbilapho obani ababefaka zaziyilineni imikhumbi kanye ne-port rat. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela odokotela ngokuhlukaniswa ukuze anqande namagundane ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba ogwini mooring izindophi zalotshwa zensimbi ezilengayo.

isifo esibi akuyona wasindisa neRussia. Ngo XIII-XIV eminyaka idolobha Glukhov futhi Belozersk safa ngokuphelele Smolensk waphunyuka 5 izakhamizi. kweminyaka emibili enzima Pskov futhi izifundazwe Novgorod kwabulala abantu abayizinkulungwane 250.

Kuvamisile zezinhlupho, nakuba waya ngqo ukuze ukwehla-yalolucwaningo 30 kwekhulu elidlule, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile yenza ngokwayo wazizwa. Kusukela 1989 kuya ku-2003 emazweni aseMelika, e-Asia, e-Afrika eqoshiwe ayizinkulungwane 38. Amacala isifo isifo. Emazweni 8 (yeChina, eMongolia Vietnam, i-Democratic Republic of Congo, i-United Republic of Tanzania, Madagascar, Peru, United States) ubhubhane - kuyinto kokugqashuka yonyaka wokuphindaphinda kaningi eziphikelelayo.

Izimpawu zezinhlupho ukutheleleka

izimpawu:

• isimo Jikelele ethuneni.
• Ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala emaphashini, izindlala zamanzi kanye nezinye izitho.
• Amazinga okushisa aphakeme - kuze kufinyelele 39-40 ⁰ C.
• ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• isicanucanu njalo nokuhlanza.
• Isiyezi.
• Insomnia.
• Ngamaphupho nje la.

ifomu isifo

Ngaphezu izici ezingenhla, lapho ifomu isikhumba-sezimbilapho lesi sifo endaweni igciwane Ukungena endaweni obomvu libonakala, iphenduka ibe isitsha egcwele ubovu okuqukethwe wezimpi ezalandela. Pustules (bubble) ngokushesha liqhumise, azakhele isilonda. Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala ukwakha buboes e lymph node, etholakala eduze indawo Ukungena amagciwane nezifo.

isifo samaphaphu libhekene ukuvuvukala emaphashini (pneumonia hlupha) ephelezelwa umuzwa yokuntuleka emoyeni, ukukhwehlela, ukukhiqizwa isikhwehlela ngegazi i admixture.

isigaba emathunjini kuhambisana sohudo kakhulu, ngokuvamile izimbici negazi kwesihlalo.

uhlobo Septic zezinhlupho ephelezelwa ukopha abalulekile esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ugijimela kanzima futhi luvame ukubulala ngokwemvelo, esizibonakalisa ngu jikelele ukudakwa nogwali izilonda 2 - 3 izinsuku (i-inyumoniya) no-5 - 6 nsuku zonke (ifomu sezimbilapho). Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ukufa kuyinto 99,9%.

ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa Kwenziwa kuphela izibhedlela ekhethekile. Uma usola ukuthi lokhu sifo adingeka kwemihlambi iziguli, magciwane kanye disinfestation amakamelo futhi zonke izinto isiguli iye edalulwa. On the edolobheni, lapho isifo itholiwe, osibekile ngokuhlukaniswa, aphethwe asebenzayo yokugoma futhi eziphuthumayo chemoprophylaxis.

Umkhuhlane - "imfiva Italian"

Sekuyisikhathi eside evamile ukuba inani labantu laliphakathi sitholakele "umkhuhlane". Fever, umphimbo obuhlungu, amakhala yisisu - njengenkulumo ukuba ngokungavamile owesabayo ngemithi nangokushintsha embhedeni ukuphumula. Lwaluhluke ngokuphelele eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lapho ngenxa yalesi sifo safa izimpilo yizigidi ezingu-40.

Umkhuhlane kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ngesikhathi udokotela omkhulu lasendulo sikaHippocrates. Amazinga aphakeme iziguli, ikhanda kanye ubuhlungu bemisipha, kanye infectivity okusezingeni eliphezulu valyl phansi esikhathini esifushane amakhulu abantu, ukuthuthukisa sibe umqedazwe, yakhula kakhulu zazo ukumboza amazwe wonke futhi amazwekazi.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kokugqashuka umkhuhlane akuyona into engavamile futhi zabizwa ngokuthi 'imfiva Italian "njengoba iziguli ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi umthombo ukutheleleka kwaba Italy libalele. Ukwelashwa ehlanganisa ezinkulu ukuphuza infusions amakhambi noju, nisekele ababuthakathaka, futhi odokotela ukulondoloza iziguli akukho okunye okwakungenziwa abacabangi. Futhi phakathi kwabantu ubhubhane lwe Umkhuhlane isijeziso esivela kuNkulunkulu ngenxa yezono esizenze, nabantu, ngathandaza ngobuqotho kuNkulunkulu enethemba lokuthi lesi sifo ngeke adlule emzini wabo.

Kuze ubhubhane XVI ekhulwini - kwaba ukutheleleka ngaphandle igama, njengoba odokotela abakwazanga kutholakale imbangela yokushona ivela khona. Ngokusho kwenye hypothesis, ke kuphakama kusukela Ukuqondanisa ilandelane ethile mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini. Lokhu kwanika igama lakhe wethu wakuqala - ". Umthelela, umthelela" "Umkhuhlane", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela Italian Eyesibili hypothesis - engaphansi senkondlo. Njalo okuvela nezifo ezithelelwanayo angase azithole sekutholakale lapho kuqala nezinyanga zasebusika, ukucacisa ubuhlobo lesi sifo nge ezivukayo hypothermia.

Igama lanamuhla elithi ka "umkhuhlane" iphutha emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva ezintathu, futhi ngo-izindlela French nesiJalimane "ukuba siqonde", belinganisa ukuzuma ukubonakala kwakhe: indoda cishe iyindaba amahora is bethathwe izingalo yokutheleleka ngegciwane esithathelwanayo.

It has ilungelo khona inguqulo ukuthi ngezikhathi phakathi kubhubhane of umkhuhlane virus uchitha izinyoni nezilwane. Odokotela emhlabeni wonke kukhona in a state of ukucindezeleka futhi ukulungela njalo ngoba kubuya umkhuhlane ubhubhane lwesifo njalo ngokuvakashela isintu esimweni ukushintshwa.

amagciwane Zanamuhla - Ebola

Okwamanje, isintu sibhekene isifo esisha - Ebola, engibukhulumile ngaso ngisho yasungulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela emzabalazweni, ngokuthi umqedazwe entsha - kuba ngokuphelele uhlobo olungaziwa izifo. Kusukela ngo-February 2014 e Guinea, ukutheleleka liye lasakazekela Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra - Leone, Senegal, Mali, e-United States ne-Spain.

Ubhubhane, elibangela - nokuntuleka kokukhucululwa kwendle, ukungahlanzeki, kanye nezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo Onqobayo ngesibindi amakhilomitha ngensimu. Ezandleni ekusakazekeni ngokushesha igciwane esithathelanayo - emasikweni bendawo, lapho ethola khona kiss isidumbu ngesikhathi sokuvalelisa, geza isidumbu wangcwatshwa eduze kwamanzi, okuholela neketanga okuqhubekayo ukutheleleka abanye abantu.

Izinyathelo ukuvimbela kubhubhane

Noma yimuphi ukugqashuka kwesifo kungenzeki kanjalo nje, futhi umphumela ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nendalo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme umbani ukusabalala ukutheleleka okusha emhlabeni wonke ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela ziyadingeka:

• wokuhlanza zensimu, ukukhucululwa, kwamanzi;
• ukwandisa isiko kwezempilo ekuthuthukiseni tesive
• ukugcinwa imithetho inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu ;
• okusingathwa futhi kugcinwe ngayo imikhiqizo;
• nokukhawulela umsebenzi womphakathi bacilli yenethiwekhi.