Igciwane Umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane manje ayisekho ukumangala. Thina zijwayele ngakho ukuthi ngiziqonde umkhuhlane virus, njenge-komkhuhlane.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwatholakala esanda kutholakala - ngo-1933, izazi ezingama-British. Saqala ukhuluma ngani umkhuhlane eminyakeni emithathu kamuva (ngo-1936). Flu zamagciwane lalihlukene Smorodintsev. Ngemva kwesikhashana, sanikwa igama zakulezi "Umkhuhlane A". Ngemva eminye iminyaka emine, America waqala enye ezihlukahlukene - B. igciwane ngokushesha bavele kanye umkhuhlane virus C.

Abathathu Yar FIR ubhubhane ashaqe bacishe bayifunda yonke imbulunga zenzeka ngo-1889, ngo-1918 (Spanish Flu) kanye 1957 (Asian).

Lesi sifo iyathelelwana, esakaza fast kakhulu, kugucula sibe umqedazwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ezithinta edolobheni nje kuphela umuntu noma isifunda, kodwa ngisho izwe.

Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ikhono ophakeme zanda ngokushesha, futhi umkhuhlane virus maloustoychiv uyafa kalula magciwane (magciwane izixazululo, abilayo). Isici futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhuhlane ingozi ekhona kokuhlukana yayo (noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo). Ngokushesha nje lapho odokotela yokuthola umuthi wokugoma ngokumelene olulodwa lwento ephilayo, kanye kunesinye.

Enye isishayo ezinkulu - ubuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengomthetho, owayesegule nge Umkhuhlane zenzeka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, naphezu amasosha omzimba ezivezwa emzimbeni. By endleleni, le amasosha omzimba osebenza ngokunembile nohlobo Imfuluwenza ihanjiswe umzimba (ngokuqinile ethize), ngakho asikho isiqinisekiso ukuthi kamuva othile owayesegule hit nezinye amagciwane. Ngamanye amazwi, amasosha omzimba elakhiwe emva igciwane Igciwane eliyi-virus namandla phambi B. Futhi izenzo isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuze ukudluliswa kwalesi sifo akudingekile ukuthintana ngqo: kwanele ukuba seduze esiphathiswa ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi uma yokugcina ukhuluma, ethimula, ekhwehlela.

Influenza virus bagamanxela ipheshana zokuphefumula, esandisa ngokushesha, okubangela amakhala yisisu ukuba siqale, bese - imfiva nokukhwehlela, uthatha isinyathelo semithambo nesimiso sezinzwa. Ikakhulukazi lokushisa eliphezulu eqoshiwe phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala (kufika ku-39 degrees, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu). isikhathi Febrile ihlala kufika izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, KUBUHLUNGU ukubona, ukuphotha futhi ikhanda, kungenzeka ukuhlanza. Konke lokhu - isenzo ubuthi.

Ngalesi nemvelo futhi ngabe ukuzola, kodwa Ufaka up "lezimanga" omusha, olandelayo zazo - ezingulubeni umkhuhlane igciwane uhlobene ezivamile uhlobo A (okubangela ebanzi kakhulu futhi lubhebhethekise ubhubhane). Kungani wezingulube umkhuhlane? Kungani leli gama?

It kuvela ukuthi leli gciwane ekuqaleni lakhiwa kuphela izingulube. Variability kanye amazing "Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo" okuvumela igciwane ukuguqula isakhiwo antigenic, ukuze abe namandla, more ekhuthele, uphinde ushintshe kalula kumuntu othile.

Izimpawu zifana kuya esohlwini main, kodwa avele ifomu baqinisa (oqinile). Ngisho nakuleli igciwane, kukhona ukushintshwa eziningana. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - umkhuhlane igciwane H1N1 (Ngaphandle subtypes kokuvula H3N2, H1N2, H3N1).

I engavamile igciwane - kule izakhiwo antigenic: imigomo olwenziwa ngokumelene naye kulo nyaka, ozayo kakade ingavumelekile.

igciwane soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka ayivumeli ukubikezela ukulungiswa bawo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthuthukisa wokugoma kusengaphambili futhi akunakwenzeka. It uhlala ukuncika kuphela umkhuhlane eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela - enempilo, ukuqina nokwamukela izidakamizwa immunomodulatory.