Umdwebi British Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Torner: Biography, lokusungula

Ulwazi mayelana nokuphila walo mculi akuzona eziningi, futhi abaningi babo ziyangqubuzana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uWilliam oluthukuswe ngokucophelela ukuphila kwakhe futhi ikakhulukazi wahlanekezela amaqiniso oluchaza. Uilyam Terner - umculi ababekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi yakhe iyokhuluma ngakho konke okusemandleni. Ngokusho version standard, endaweni lokuzalwa William - London. Nokho, umculi ngokwakhe wathi ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila njengoba eziningi izindawo of England. Futhi kukhona okuningi ukuphikisana yomlando wakhe.

Imvelaphi ebuntwaneni

Sicabanga ukuthi Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Terner (iminyaka yokuphila - 1775-1851) wazalelwa e-dolobha yaseBrithani, iLondon. UYise umculi ephethe endaweni yokugunda izinwele. Ngesikhathi Turner, lezi zinhlangano babe izindawo zokuhlangana nje ethandwa, efana ubhiya ngesiNgisi. Esikhathini ubaba yokugunda Joseph kwakukhona izimbongi, abadwebi kanye bezinhlamvu zemali. Ubaba nendodana hung watercolors ezindongeni ukudayiswa.

ukuqeqeshwa

Turner (self-portrait Waletha ngenhla) e 1789 ungeniswe esikoleni, esasivutha eRoyal Academy of Arts. Kakade iminyaka engu-15 okokuqala embukisweni watercolors yakhe ngesikhathi Academy of Uilyam Terner. Umlando wakhe ephawulwe kule minyaka lokufundisa esifundweni ngesikhathi esifanayo kanye nomsebenzi. William yingcweti msebenzi, okuthiwa Kwakuseshwa namathafa kwendawo - izinhlobo esiqondile amapaki ezincane, izindlu, amasonto nezigodlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza phezu umyalo - yokukopisha imisebenzi ezindala.

Izicelo Eziya Kuziphathimandla Umdwebo uwoyela

Ukudala William Turner akugcini emifanekiso. Umculi eminyakeni 1790, banquma ukuba baphendukele uwoyela imidwebo. Ngo 1801, wadala Umdwebo onesihloko esithi "Inkantolo Danish kulowo moya", okuyinto ukulingiswa eenkhulwini Dutch. Lo msebenzi yabonisa ikhono kakhudlwana umculi abasha. Lokhu kwenziwa kahle ngakho, ukuthi abanye ngisho nokuthi Turner usukope landscape ubudala.

Izikhungo eRoyal Academy of Arts

Umdwebi e 1802 wakhethwa ukuba Royal Academy of Arts. Uilyam Terner wakuphaka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Uye lectured abafundi kanye nomphakathi jikelele iqhaza enhlanganweni nemibukiso.

"Landscape eMfuleni iThames"

Turner esikhathini kusuka 1806 kuya 1812 wadala uchungechunge imidwebo - isithombe ebhange. IThames. Phakathi kwazo kunane-emifanekiso "Landscape eMfuleni iThames" zaveza emhlabeni 1806 (uma kungenjalo umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi "Landscape nge rainbow elimhlophe"). Imvelo, umlingiswa oyinhloko futhi unomphela umculi, ingqondo yakhe ngokuya abonakala njengembudane hhayi njengencwadi nje evamile emehlweni ngokubabazekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu zezenzakalo ezingokomlando zenzeka. Turner ababethi isitayela marina Dutch indaba yesimanje. Isihloko Umdwebo - ukushonelwa umkhumbi umgibeli. Kulesi ulwandle isithombe olunesivunguvungu ithatha two-thirds ngendwangu. Ngokucophelela Foam olumhlophe yakha isihlahla omkhulu phezu kolwandle. Lokhu core Indwangu oluyinhlanganisela. Maphakathi kushaft - isikebhe ophithizelayo. Kuyinto into kuphela yonke Ukwakheka, agcina ibhalansi. On kushaft kwesokudla ikamu Kuphendula badayisa isikebhe, okuyinto ekugcineni ilahlekelwa ukuzinza. Lost ukulawula ukufa enkantolo etholakala ngakwesokunxele nasesikhathini kuwebhu ukujula. Broken insika zabo, oseyili ziklebhukile, emphemeni kubo enezikhukhula.

"Hamba Hannibal Crossing Alps"

Lesi sithombe sidalwe e ayehlasela ngonyaka uWilliam Bonaparte sika yeRussia. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwamuva kuqhathaniswa ne Hannibal - induna yedolobha isimo iCarthage elwela libuse phezu Mediterranean kusukela laseRoma lasendulo. Turner elisetshenziswa ukubunjwa iqhinga lakhe ozithandayo: okweqanda olifakile ingxenye esimangalisa kunazo ngendwangu. Ishq iqhwa, isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa yahlanganisa ibe uphondo olukhulu, oluthi kuqinisa amasosha udidekile ezintabeni emfantwini. Ngokumangalisayo olunembile snowstorm ebhaliwe. Uilyam Terner kanye usibukele ngenxa yabanye. Umdwebi sketched kulesi siphepho phezu imvilophi leposi futhi wathi eminyakeni 2 isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa bazobona yonke into ku ngokudweba. I msebenzi waphela ngo 1812.

Isithombe enomlando ezithakazelisayo

Zonke virtuosity bese kuba nzima nge isikhathi inqubo yokuphuma buthule uWilliam. Ngo 1818 edala umsebenzi "unqambothi frigate zokustokha". Ngokusho ofakazi, umlando indalo yayo esilandelayo. INdodana abangane kukaWilliam Turner ebuzwa, izivakashi kufanele ukudweba frigate. UWilliam wayithatha ishidi, ewathela ketshezi upende ephepheni. Khona-ke, lapho iphepha wet, waqala bagcobe, khuhla. Zonke ekuqaleni babebonakala senhlekelele, kodwa kancane kancane, njengokungathi magic, Aqala ukuzalelwa umkhumbi. Figure kakade ngesikhathi sasekuseni sesibili ngokunqoba ethulwa.

"Liber Studiorum" futhi ukubhaliswa izincwadi abalobi IsiZulu

Uilyam Terner kabili asebenzelana ngayo ihluzo. Esikhathini kusuka 1807 kuya 1819, wazama ukwakha uhlobo encyclopedia landscape e kwendandatho. Lo msebenzi, umculi unikezwa igama Latin, kusho "incwadi izifundo" ( "Liber Studiorum"). Ubethemba ukuthi ukwenza phezu amashidi 100 amasu ahlukahlukene zokuqopha. William efuna ukubonisa ukuthi ukukhathalela in umdwebo European kwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa landscape. Nokho, lo mbono, kuhlulekile. Nokho, Turner ulilethele kuleli qembu umsebenzi kuka bezinhlamvu zemali.

Ngo 1820-30-yalolucwaningo uWilliam wasebenza phezu oda sokubhalisa imisebenzi Umlobi oyiNgisi Valtera Skotta noSamuweli Rogers. Izincwadi yilezi abalobi baba nempumelelo enkulu, ngakho le mikhondo imidwebo uWilliam hung cishe kuwo wonke endlini ngesiNgisi.

"Nangokuthi u-Ulysses uyadelela Polyphemus"

Ngo-1829, ngemuva kohambo oluya e-Italy, umculi wadala omunye the best in art yakhe imidwebo zomlando. Umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi "u-Ulysses uyadelela Polyphemus". Raskin ngokuthi lokhu yokudweba "umsebenzi omkhulu" yakhe. "Nangokuthi u-Ulysses" - umsebenzi ukuthi okuthiwa opera indawo, melodrama. It yaphawula ukuthi ilanga igcwalisa abagwedli Ulysses ngisho izingxenye lapho imisebe yalo abakwazi ukungena nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi lokho okukhulu kakhulu umahluko phakathi ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni ekuseni ebumnyameni emhumeni Cyclops. Nokho, uWilliam ukungalungi lolu hlobo akakaze udidekile. It kwandisa Usayizi belfries nezigodlo, uzihambise lapho kunesidingo, uma isakhiwo isithombe befuna kanjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Turner ngokuvamile lenyuka sonority umbala, lapho kuzuzisa wonke inkulumo.

"Umlilo wePhalamende yaseLondon"

Turner amakhono vertex libhekisela maphakathi nawo-1830s. UWilliam yanika Umdwebo izifundo ngosuku wokuvula, ophela imidwebo yakhe lapha. Emehlweni izethameli bamangala futhi ngomdlandla abaculi Turner amahora ambalwa cishe eseqedile umsebenzi "Umlilo wePhalamende yaseLondon", isithombe ngo-1835. Sam kwaba umlilo ngonyaka ngaphambili, ngo-1834. umbukwane Ukusangana bebuka amakhulu abantu. Turner ngokujulile onyakaziswa lokhu izakhi ayaluzayo. On the spot umculi wenza 9 watercolors. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-isisekelo yabo, wabhalela esikhulu Umdwebo uwoyela.

"Indiza lokugcina umkhumbi Valiant"

Lo msebenzi yaqale okwethulwa 1839. Kuyinto omunye the best in umsebenzi uWilliam. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umculi wayeziqhenya kakhulu lo msebenzi, ngathola ukuthi sinamathele kuye ukuthi akazange avumelane ukuthengisa nganoma yisiphi intengo.

Turner ngesineke nokushona kwelanga, on isizinda lwamafu somlilo kuyiphi sigcine ukuhamba 'Umuntu Oyiqhawe ". Lokhu wempi, isosha Battle of Trafalgar. A amancane self ezinezinjini isitsha yamalahle black towed kuya ogwini iThames elwa jikelele. Lapha-ke ngeke ukuqaqwa. Cishe, indaba isithombe azalelwe umcabango uWilliam awuzange ukukopishwa nemvelo. isithombe Sad kanye lyrical wesikebhe agugile limelela yizinto zesikhathi esidlule of imikhumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhonza njengomPristi sisikhumbuza transience wazo zonke izinto.

'Inceku Umkhumbi "

Ukuhweba ngezigqila ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka kwaba yezinto ezibalulekile imali of England. EPhalamende ngesikhathi impilo Turner yokutholwa umthetho, owawuthi ukushushumbisa akuvunyelwe. Nokho, isikhathi eside, ibala ku unembeza umcabango zesizwe elinezinkathazo izimbongi, babhali, bahlatiyi, abaculi. Isithombe kusekelwe umcimbi ngempela. izigqila ethutha uCaptain wanquma jettison abantu ababeke baguliswe ikholera, njengoba ngokomthetho ukuthola umshwalense kuphela ayengakwenza ukuze Abafayo kolwandle. Ngakho, ebugqilini ngomkhumbi wezimpahla ngokweqile kude isiphepho. Zinceku, wawanikela ukushabalala amagagasi. Izidumbu zabo sihlushwa izinhlanzi okuzingela, yingakho amanzi linemikhondo yegazi.

umsebenzi Turner kamuva

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi Turner kamuva ebhaliwe esobala, kulula, imivimbo okusheshayo. Umdwebi wakhetha ezinemibala egqamile, wayithanda mhlophe futhi nsundu futhi ephuzi. Akalokothi esetshenziswa emisebenzini yakhe imibala omnyama oluhlaza. ekudalweni Turner ngo-1840 kwaya engaqondakali emphakathini. Umdwebi ke wahosha sesifufula imvula, okuyothi bi bheka uhlaka umkhumbi (isithombe 1832 "Staffa, emqolombeni Fingal"), umkhumbi isigqila, kusukela lapho ulwandle uyaye bangamaNigro ogulayo (umsebenzi oshiwo ngenhla "umkhumbi Inceku 'ngo-1840), isitimela runaway ( isithombe 1844 "Imvula, umusi kanye nesivinini"). Ngakho, ngempela kungalindelekile, uWilliam no-ngozwelo basabela izenzakalo wesimanje. Wayebonakala impumelelo esimnandi esankondlo entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe, futhi izenzo zabantu - nesihluku nokunyanyisayo.

"Imvula, Steam Speed"

Lo msebenzi esethulwa emihlanganweni Royal Academy of Arts ngo-1844. Kusukela isikhala yagcwala umusi kanye umusi bubheke isibukeli eyalo isitimela kwebhuloho phezu UMfula iThames ukujula. Wabuka imoto ngelulela ibala elinsundu uhlangane imininingwane yayo. Lokhu kudala umbono ukunyakaza ngokushesha. Ukuze lo msebenzi, abantu besikhathi Turner sika abazange bavume. Abaningi babo eseveza ukungaqiniseki ngokuthi kusiza ngokoqobo yesithombe yesehlakalo.

itestamente kukaWilliam

Uilyam Terner, isithombe okuyinto alisetshenziswa ngokuthandwa yayo yangaphambili, kancane kancane aqala ukuphelelwa isithakazelo umphakathi. Yena akuvamile embukisweni imisebenzi, isikhathi eside ecashele abalandeli nabangane. William wafa kokushiya inzalo itestamente eside. Isifiso wakhe wokugcina kwaba ukuvula izikhungo zayo ekhaya lasebekhulile abaculi, kanye igalari imidwebo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefuna ekilasini Academy landscape imidwebo yadalwa. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi ngenye: imidwebo, imidwebo watercolors bawukuphela legacy ushiye Uilyam Terner. imidwebo yakhe athumba ezweni elihle, obonile mculi. Bakwazi immortalize igama kumdlali.

Terner Uilyam waJosefa, imisebenzi namuhla Sinesithakazelo esikhulu emhlabeni wonke - neyaziwayo master, okuyinto ikakhulukazi bayakwazisa Impressionists. Ezinkondlweni zakhe ukudweba imiphumela omnyama nomhlophe zabo, ulwandle Motifs sezulu seqhwa, ingcebo shades of emhlophe. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uhlobo "landscape-inhlekelele", ngakho kabanzi amelwe imisebenzi uWilliam, luphambene nakho kwabo.