Umculi Vasily Polenov: Biography, lokusungula

Ingxenye yekhulu le-19 Owesibili kwaba yilona sokuthuthwa kwempahla Umdwebo Russian. Omunye abameleli Umthala abaculi esivelele le nkathi Vasily Polenov, ogama imidwebo bazongena esitelekeni okwangempela nesifiso "ukunikeza injabulo." Amazwi okugcina basonta umdwebi futhi yisiqubulo umsebenzi wakhe futhi ukuphila, njengoba kuboniswa Biography of the umculi.

abazali

Ngokuzayo umdwebi odumile wazalwa kwamasiko futhi ngempela lomkhaya ocebile ahlukile ngo-1844. Uyise, Dmitry Polenov, wayaziwa njengomuntu ophansi umvubukuli okubukhali bibliographer. Umama, Maria A., nee Voeikova, wafunda umdwebo bese ngokubhala izincwadi izingane. Yayiyindodakazi ka Vera Nikolaevna Lions ukuthi ngemva kokufa ekuseni abazali bakhe futhi wakhuliswa ngomshado nomndeni Derzhavin.

ebuntwaneni

Polenov uVasili Dmitrievich wachitha esengumntwana Petersburg, kodwa umndeni wakhe ngokuvamile iya ehlobo kule Olonets Territory futhi ifa sifundazwe Olshanka Tambov, ingeyamakhosi ugogo umdwebi. Vera akhuleka abazukulu nabathandwayo ukubajabulisa, etshela epics, tinganekwane inganekwane. Iphinde wayejwayelene kahle izinkondlo Russian kanye zaseYurophu, ngakho-ke, wadlala indima enkulu ekwakheni ukunambitheka bokubeka a Vasey encane. Kepha umsuka uthando lwakhe imidwebo, Umdwebo nezingane abathintekayo umama. Kubhoka uThandeka esemi ngezinyawo ukuthi oshade naye uye waqasha othisha abazosiza Basil futhi Indodakazi encane uHelen. Njengoba uthisha, wamenywa Chistyakov, ngaleso sikhathi wafunda le Academy of Fine Arts. Parallel kule, umfana waya esikoleni wabonisa intshiseko esikhulu ekufundeni.

studentship

Ngo-1863, Vasily Polenov kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme futhi, kanye nomfowabo omncane Alex wabhalisa e Petersburg University e-Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Nokho, uthando mdwebo uthando kunamandla isayensi kusihlwa le nsizwa ukuwo Academy of Arts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Polenov abasha asithandayo umculo, ubelokhu isivakashi njalo endlini opera ngisho wayecula ekwayeni umfundi Academy.

Maduzane, le nsizwa yathatha a sesabatha esasinikezwe eyunivesithi futhi wayechitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi imidwebo. Ngo-1867 Vasily Polenov iziqu Academy of Arts. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola indondo esiliva indaba emfushane kanye nemidwebo.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, le nsizwa yabuye yabuya University, kodwa ushintshe ubuhlakani futhi waqala ukutadisha umthetho.

Umhlangano no-Repin

Ngo-1869 Vasily Polenov wayelambe kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi uzothatha indondo yegolide ka Academy of Arts. Kuze kube yimanje, kwathiwa zaveza "uJobe nabangane bakhe." Wazamukela umvuzo elincane, wamnika ilungelo siqhubeke iqhaza emncintiswaneni. Umsebenzi omusha kwaba ukudala imidwebo "I Ukukhulisa ka Idodakazi yakhe," futhi owayephikisana umculi esincane sasikanye Ivan Repin.

Umphumela waba Match ezingalindelekile: kokubili ibhulashi amakhosi enikeziwe ngomsebenzi omuhle amajaji ukhishwa izindondo zabo ezinkulu zegolide kanye evakashele eYurophu.

Ngo-1872 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich Repin ngaya eJalimane ke e-Italy futhi e-Paris. Inhloko-dolobha ye-France is ngakho umxhwele umculi, kangangokuthi wanquma ukuhlala khona. In Paris, lazy kakhulu ukubhala imidwebo "Ukuboshwa Countess d'Etremon", okuyiwona, ngemva kokuphindela e-Russia, yena yanikezelwa isihloko academician. ithalente umdwebi liye iyaziswa, futhi abameleli asebukhosini. Ngo-1876 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile enkantolo umdwebi waya empini Russian-Turkish, owawungumnyaka ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

isikhathi Moscow

Ukubuyela kule nkundla yempi, Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich bazinza eMoscow wafundisa ngaso eMoscow School of Painting, Umfanekiso and Architecture. Lapho, abafundi bakhe babesendlini Levitan, Korovin, I. Ostroukhov, Arkhipov, E. Tadevosyan futhi Golovin.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculi ngokwakhe nguye owatlola, futhi ngo-1877 ethulwa umsebenzi wakhe "eMoscow Yard" ngesikhathi 6 th embukisweni abajikelezayo. Isithombe kwaba impumelelo enkulu, futhi Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich wayebhekwa njengoba umsunguli uhlobo olusha, obizwa a baxgeki "landscape obuseduze".

Esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile kwesikhathi eMoscow zokuphila umculi kwakungu isinqumo sakhe ukujoyina Wanderers, phakathi kwabo ngesikhathi wayenabangane abaningi.

Biblical indaba ephathwayo

Old Testament nezikhonzi ongumKristu samanje ekuqaleni ngemisebenzi Polenov. Ukuthola ugqozi kule minyaka 1881-1882 umculi uhambo kumasayithi waseBhayibhelini, eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Waya waseConstantinople, Syria, Palestine neGibhithe. Kusukela umculi ukuhamba Polenov Vasily alethwe imidwebo imidwebo umdwebo "Kristu kanye Sinner" nezinye imisebenzi, eyabhalwa umbono ngalokho ayekubona. Ezinye zazo eziholela injabulo pavla Tretyakova, ngubani aluthola imidwebo ukuqoqa yakhe.

isithombe kaKristu

Ngo-1883, umdwebi nomkakhe baya Italy. Elapho, waqhubeka ukusebenza Umdwebo "Kristu kanye Sinner", okuyinto wethulwa emphakathini embukisweni 15 Wanderers. Canvas wadala furor, futhi isifiso sokuthutha ambone Museum yakhe, kusho uMbusi u-Alexander III, ababefuna umculi kusukela ngempi Russian-Turkish.

Ngo-1888 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich wabhala enye Umdwebo abadumile phezu kweBhayibheli indaba ephathwayo - "On Tiberias (lwaseGenesaretha) echibini." On a ngendwangu entsha, waphinde kuvezwa Kristu - indoda nge uhlobo Oriental lomuntu kanye ukubukeka nomfundisi, kodwa hhayi kulowo ohlushwa yikho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i "umlingisi" isithombe okwakubaluleke landscape, edwetshwe imidwebo eyenziwe umculi kusuka imvelo ngenkathi kuhanjwa eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Ukuphila Behovo

Ngo-1890 Vasily Polenov, ogama biography uhla olude lempumelelo, wanquma bayishiye inhloko-dolobha futhi bathuthele Tula esifundeni. Kube ku osebeni Oka, wakha indlu. Ukuze isakhiwo main kwanezelwa workshop kamuva lapho Polenov wafundisa ingane yasemakhaya. umdwebi Isekelwe awunika igama lokuthi ifa Borok, baqala ukwenza imizamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ekugcineni yaphenduka Museum kazwelonke.

Vasily Polenov: "Golden Autumn"

Izinhlobo omakhelwane Borok iwine inhliziyo umculi. Yibona isihloko somsebenzi, okuyinto 1890s ekuseni wabhala Vasily Polenov. "Golden Autumn" kuthatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwabo. On the ngendwangu libonisa osebeni Oka, insephe nge birches endaweni umhlobiso egqamile. Umdwebo ichonywe at Museum-estate "Polenovo" (estate zangaphambili "Borok") futhi kuhluke kakhulu kwezindawo zemvelo ekuseni, okuyinto wabhala Vasily Polenov ( "yene Pond", "Old Mill", njll).

Ngemva 1917

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution Polenov wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo enhlanganweni leqembu ngemdlalo izindlu Borok futhi ubehlala njalo esebenzisana intsha ongumlimi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ebhala Umdwebo "Flood ku Oka", okuyinto eyaba omunye wemisebenzi engcono kwesikhathi umdwebi sika avuthiwe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1924, behlonipha weminyaka engu 80th of the umculi ku Tretyakov Igalari lahlelwa embukisweni solo imisebenzi by Vasily Dmitrievich. Ngokuvamile, uhulumeni wamaSoviet kwakuyinkathi evumela ukuba umculi. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-1926 umdwebi waklonyeliswa isihloko Umculi Yabantu we RSFSR. Cishe, lokhu kwakubangelwa isifiso sakhe Polenov futhi ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze uthuthukise imisebenzi yokusiza umphakathi imfundo yomphakathi ngisho ngesikhathi lapho kwakwenziwa lokhu kuphela abameleli ambalwa nezazi Russian.

Julayi 18, 1927 umdwebi wafa. Umdwebi wangcwatshwa loMfula Oka, afike wasungula khona iSikhungo izindlu endaweni yakini Borok.

"Polenovo"

Ngo-1931, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange wanquma ukusungula Museum e ifa Borok. Kwakuthinta kabusha Polenovo, futhi lapho ugcine ingaphakathi ezaziyincithakalo ukuphila umdwebi sika. Kukhona sasesiqhutshelwa ezithakazelisayo imicimbi yamasiko kanye imidwebo embukisweni we umdwebi odumile.

Manje uyazi izenzakalo eyinhloko biography of V Polenov nomlando ezinye ebaluleke kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe, engewona phakathi yobuciko yobuciko Russian kwekhulu le-19.