Ulwazi oluwusizo: indlela yokunquma i-methyl utshwala ekhaya?

"Ehlweni", ikakhulukazi hhayi ochwepheshe, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-ethyl utshwala, okubandakanya ukubunjwa kwazo zonke utshwala ezisemhlabeni, kusukela osebenza nabo kwezobuchwepheshe - i-methyl. Lokhu kuholela emibuthakeni yaminyaka yonke eRussia nakwa-CIS, lapho isiko elibi kwakuwukusebenzisa utshwala obungaziwa noma umsolisayo.

Kodwa ukuphuza isiphuzo esingaphansi kwesiphuzo e-ethyl - ngesigamu esibi (naphezu kokuhlelwa kwesandulela ngculazi, u- ethyl utshwala ubuyilingana ne-poison). I-Methanol yisitha sangempela somzimba. Lesi yisifo esinamandla kunawo wonke, okungukuthi, ngisho nangamanani ambalwa, angathinta imithwalo yegazi kanye nesistimu yomuntu womuntu, futhi iningi lawo wonke isimo esimweni sombono, kuze kufike ukugcwalisa ubumpumputhe. Futhi ukusebenzisa kuphela amagremu angu-30 kuya kwangu-100 (kubantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene) zalesi sici kungaholela ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wendlela yokunquma i-methyl utshwala ekhaya akuyona into engenalutho, kodwa kakhulu ngisho nokubalulekile. Ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene neqiniso lokuthi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani elikhulu lotshwala oludayiswa ezweni lakithi liyiqiniso!

Mayelana nendlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe- methyl utshwala ne-ethyl, ngabe umehluko phakathi kwabo, sizobe sitshele esihlokweni sethu. Sithemba ukuthi ulwazi oluzuziwe luzosiza ukugwema izenzakalo ezingadingekile nemiphumela elimazayo ye-methanol uma udla utshwala.

Indlela yokunquma ekhaya i-methyl utshwala

Abaningi bakhumbule izenzakalo zakamuva eCzech Republic, lapho kubonakala sengathi bevela "utshwala" utshwala babantu abaningi. Futhi le fake enkulu, ehlanganiswe ngamabhodlela amahle, aqukethe i-methanol. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana nendlela yokwenza i-methyl utshwala ekhaya lubalulekile futhi lufanelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukunambitheka nephunga le-methanol akufani neze ne-ethanol. Yiqiniso, uma unesisombululo ngohlobo olulodwa lwenxila phambi kwakho, khona-ke umehluko ungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ezilula, esizoxoxa ngezansi. Kodwa uma kuyinhlanganisela yotshwala, okuqukethwe nokuningi kwazo kungacaciswa kuphela ngokuyihlola ebhokisatri.

Izindlela zabantu zokunquma

Ngakho-ke: kanjani ukucacisa i-methyl utshwala ekhaya? Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zithathwa isipiliyoni futhi zisebenza kahle. Owokuqala kubo: ukushisa utshwala. Siphalaza uketshezi lokuhlola ngamabhodlela amancane bese uphela. Sibheke umbala womlilo ovuthayo (bese ushisa kuyoba khona kunoma ubani, ngoba inqaba inama-40 degrees) futhi uqhathanise. Uma zivutha nge-flame eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sine-ethanol phambi kwethu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso zokuphuza (Yebo, uma kungekho ezinye ukungcola okulimazayo lapho). Uma ukushisa kuhambisane nombala oluhlaza womlilo, khona-ke lokhu kuyi-methanol. Le ndlela elula futhi ephumelelayo, njengasekhaya, ukucacisa i-methyl utshwala, ngokuqinisekile kuyosebenza uma ikhambi lihlanzekile ngokwanele phambi kwethu. Futhi le ndlela ngokwalo isekelwe emkhawulweni othile ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali oketshezi.

Ngosizo lamazambane

Ngosizo lamazambane aluhlaza okwenzekayo kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kunqume lokhu umehluko. Amazambane adinga ukuhlanjululwa futhi ahlanza. Hlanganisa isitshalo sesitshalo bese uyinquma kwisitsha esincane, lapho kutholakala khona amanzi okuhlola: cishe i-ethyl noma i-methyl alcohol. Ngemva kwesikhashana (ngokuvamile, amahora ambalwa) amazambane ku-methanol kufanele ashintshe umbala wawo futhi abe umthunzi obomvana. Ethanol, i-lobule cishe ayishintshi umbala.

Isampula ye-formalmaldede

Kuye, sidinga ucingo lwebhesi kanye nomlilo ovulekile. Intambo kufanele ibe yethusi futhi ihlanzwe kusukela kugobolondo. Isivivinywa sokuhlola sithelwe esitsheni. I-Copper ishisa emlilweni futhi igxila kakhulu emkhatsini wamanzi. Uma kukhona i-methanol phambi kwethu, khona-ke kukhona iphunga elibi futhi elibukhali lika-formaldehyde. I-ethyl utshwala kulesi simo cishe ayinamaphutha, (ngezinye izikhathi iyaphunga njenge-apula flavour). Njengendlela yokwengeza: engeza kwi-potassium permanganate (yithenga ekhemisi) bese uyibeka ngomlilo. Ngephunga, kulula ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe utshwala lungokwesigaba esithile se-methanol noma i-ethanol.

Ukuqapha

Uma usola ukungenisa kwe-methanol, kufanele ushayele udokotela ngokushesha, futhi ungalindi: bathi, kuyodlula futhi kuphele. Izibonakaliso zobuthi: ubuhlungu obunzima ekhanda, ukuphefumula kunzima, umuntu uhlangabezana nokukhathazeka, ubuthakathaka esifundeni nesisu, ukuhlanza kungenzeka. Ungazama ukwenza i-gastric ukugcoba nge-magenta efanayo kwisisombululo samanzi alula. Futhi endleleni, ulwazi lokuhlukanisa i-methyl utshwala ekhaya lungaba usizo lapha, uma ngabe uketshezi olutshiwe lwalushiywanga lungavulwa. Kodwa i-antidote enhle, ngokungavamile, i-10% ye-ethyl alcohol!