Ukwenqaba ifa ngokuqondene nabanye abantu: isicelo sesampula

Imibuzo yefa ilawulwa esigabeni V se-Code Civil. Ngokuvumelana nemithetho, izakhamuzi eziphila ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwecala zingenza njengabahluleli, kanye nalabo abathintekayo ekufeni komnikazi futhi bazalwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Izinhlinzeko zamanje azihlinzeki nje kuphela ukwamukelwa, kodwa futhi ukulahla ifa ngokuqondene nabanye abantu. Ake siqhubeke sicabangela izici zalo.

Okubalulekile

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini intando, ngokusho kwenqubo esungulwe ezimisweni ze-Civil Code, izihlobo zegazi zomuntu oshonile zibizwa ngokuthi ifa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abanye abalingisi bangaba ngabahluleli. Ngokuyinhloko, zibandakanya izingane ezamukelekile, zisinda abashade, umbuso, njalonjalo. Kulezi zimiso kunezintambo ezingu-8 zefa. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa abazali, umlingani kanye nezingane zomuntu oshonile. Ukuphenduka kwesibili kwakhiwa odade nabafowethu (abangenalutho nabagcwele), ugogo nomkhulu oyingxenye kayise / umama. Abazolandela abalandelayo bazoba ngunina kanye namalume omuntu oshonile. Uma lezi zindlalifa zingekho, impahla yomnikazi oshonile izothathwa yizihlobo ze-3rd, 4th, 5th degree of relationship. Isigaba esihlukile sakhiwe ngezifundo ezazithembele kumuntu oshonile okungenani ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngokusho kwe-1148th ye-Civil Code, izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile ziba ngabazuzi ngokulinganayo kanye nabantu ababhaliselwe ukulandelana.

Ulwazi jikelele

Igama lokulahlwa kwefa lihambisana nesikhathi sokwamukelwa kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, le ndaba ingadlulisela amathuba omthetho kwabanye abahluleli phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngosuku lokuvula icala. Ukwandiswa kwenkathi kuvunyelwe kwezinye izimo ngokumukelwa kwangempela kwefa, uma isakhamuzi singafakazela ukuthi izizathu zokulahlekelwa yileli qiniso ziyiqiniso. Ukudluliselwa kwengxenye yayo kungenziwa ngumlandeli othile. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ilungelo lokunqaba ifa linemingcele eminingi. Abaphumelelayo abafisa ukudlulisa ingxenye yabo kumele baqonde ngokucacile imiphumela yalesi senzo. Ukwenqaba ifa ngokubambisana nabanye abantu akunawo umphumela wokubuyisela.

Okucacile

Ukuchithwa kwefa ngokubambisana nabanye abantu kungumsebenzi owodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezidingo ezikhethekile, imithetho ejwayelekile yeqiniso iyasebenza kuso. Ukwenqaba ifa ngokuqondene nabanye abantu kuqhutshwa intando yomuntu ozayo esikhundleni sakhe. Kulokhu, zonke izenzo zakhe zinemiphumela kuphela kuye, ngaphandle kwezinye izimo.

Ukunikezelwa kwefa ngomthetho

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umlandeli angadlulisela ingxenye yakhe kwezinye izifundo kuphela ezinyangeni ezingu-6. Uma kudlule, ukunwetshwa kwalesi sikhathi akuvumelekile. Izinkambiso zokubeka izidingo, ngokusho ukuthi ukwenqatshwa kwefa kusemthethweni. Uhlelo lwesampula lubandakanya ulwazi mayelana nomlandeli, ukudlulisela ingxenye yalo, kwisakhiwo esidlulayo, inkulumo yentando yendaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbhalo kufanele ube nolwazi ezakhamuzi ezizothatha izinto ezibonakalayo nemisebenzi yomthetho namathuba ahlobene nawo. Ulwazi lunikezwa ngendlela yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kunqunywe ukuhleleka nokukhomba umlandeli ngamunye ngokuphathelene nokwenqatshwa kwefa. Isicelo sesampula sisayinwe yisakhamuzi ngokwakhe noma ummeleli wakhe. Ekupheleni kwedokhumenti, usuku lokubhalisa lukhonjisiwe. Isicelo sokwenqaba ifa siyodluliselwa ku-notary owenza icala. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwayo umlandeli ulahlekelwa ithuba lokuthola ingxenye yomhlaba oshonile ngenxa yakhe.

Ukunikezwa kwefa ngokuthanda

Izinkambiso zinikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zokulandelana. Ifa lingafezwa ngokulandelana kokujwayelekile. Kulesi simo, abahluleli kanye ne-oda labo basungulwa yimigomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi angenza intando. Kulesi simo, izihloko ezikhonjiswe ngentando yakhe ziyoba ngabahluleli. Kulesi simo, amasheya athembele kuzo anqunywe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bonke abahluleli banethuba lokudlulisela amayunithi abo kwezinye izinhlangano. Iindlalifa angeke zibe ngabantu kuphela bezomthetho nezomzimba, kodwa futhi nezinhlangano zikamasipala, umbuso. Ukudluliselwa kwengxenye yayo kungenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kokwamukelwa kwempahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo ezithile kumele zihlangane. Kulesi simo, isitatimende sokunqatshwa kwefa sibuye senziwe. Okuqukethwe kwalo kufana nalokhu okucatshangwe ngenhla. Izinkambiso zibuye zibeke umkhawulo wesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezenzo. Kubuye nezinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala. Ngaphakathi kwesigamu sonyaka, isihloko kufanele senze isampula sokwenqatshwa kwefa, balethe idokhumenti ku-notary. Okuqukethwe, ngaphezu kolunye ulwazi, kubonisa uhlobo lokulandelana. Umfakisicelo kumele aqaphele ukuthi wenqabe ingxenye yakhe ngokuthanda enye indlalifa ngokuthanda, ukunikeza ulwazi olufanele ngaye kanye nentando yomuntu ofile ngokwakhe. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile futhi ukuhambisana nezidingo ze-Article 1158 ze-Civil Code, ukuqonda isimo semithetho yezenzo kanye nemiphumela engenzeka.

Izithibelo

Umthetho uchaza uhlu lwabantu abenqatshelwe ukuthi ukwenqaba kwabo. Umkhawulo onjalo usebenza, naphezu kwentando yomlandeli. Lezi zihloko ziyizi:

1. Amaqembu amathathu awahlobene nezizindlalifa.
2. Kunqatshelwe ukulandelana. Lezi zihloko zikhishwe ngumnikazi kusuka ekufuneni.
3. Abazuzi abafanelekile. Lezi zihloko azikwazi ukuzuza ifa ngesinqumo sokwahlulela. Uhlu lwabo lubekwe yizihloko ezingu-1117 ze-Civil Code. Zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, izihloko, ezenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, zizama ukufeza ukubiza kwabo ukulandelana noma ukwandisa ingxenye ngenxa yabo noma kwabanye abantu. Lolu hlu luhlanganisa izakhamizi ezihlukumezekayo ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nokugcinwa komnikazi.

Lezi zimingcele ziyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezintshisekelo ze-testator, ezinye izindlalifa nezihlobo zazo.

Ukuvinjelwa okwengeziwe

Ezimisweni ze-Civil Code, kunamacala lapho inhlangano eyamukela ingxenye yendawo ingeke ibenqabe ifa ngokuqondene nabanye abantu. Bashiwo kwi-1158th article ye-Code. Akukho ukwenqaba kuvunyelwe:

1. Engxenyeni edingekayo yefa.
2. Kusuka kumpahla, uma konke kuhloswe ngezifundo ezithile ngokusho kwentando yomuntu oshonile.
3. Ngendlalifa ehlosiwe.

Ukuhlukaniswa nezihloko ezingenhla yi-legatee. Izici zalo zikhonjiswe ngombhalo we-1160 we-Civil Code. Ngokuyinhloko, angenqaba ukwenqaba kwe- testamentary ngesisekelo esifanayo nabanye abahlanganyeli ekulandeleni. Leli lungiselelo lilungisa izihloko ezingu-1137 zeKhowudi. Kulolu daba, akanalo ilungelo lokulahla ingxenye yakhe kunoma yikuphi. Ezinye izidingo zokuqaliswa kwesenzo zifana nalabo ezimweni ezichazwe ngenhla. Uma i-legatee isebenza njengendlalifa ngesinye isizathu noma esinye isizathu, ukwamukelwa noma ukungamukeleki kwe-referential testamentary ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza kwalezi zinqubo ngokuphathelene nomhiaba.

Imiphumela

Uma ngabe isihloko sithatha ukushiya ingxenye ngenxa yakhe ngokwemigomo ejwayelekile noma ngokuhambisana nentando, kumele iqonde imiphumela yalesi senzo. Kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sokuthatha (ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokubeletha), imiphumela iyohlala ifana njalo. Ngenxa yokulahla izindinganiso ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ngokulandelana kwefa, umuntu akakwazi ukubuyisela emuva noma ukukhansela isinqumo sakhe. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo akuyona nje okungenamthetho kuphela, kodwa futhi ayinakwenzeka. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwesinqumo saso, senziwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezisemthethweni, kummeli, lowo owalandela uphelelwa ilungelo lokuthola impahla. Uma intando iqondiswa, khona-ke amathuba angokomthetho ngokuphathelene namagugu ezibonakalayo ngenxa yendaba ngaphambili adluliselwa ezakhamuzi eziboniswe kulesi sicelo. Ngesinqumo esingenasisekelo, banikezwa kubo bonke abahlulayo ngokusho komyalelo jikelele.

Isikhathi Esibalulekile

Ku-Art. 1158, into yesi-3, umphumela njengokulahlekelwa kwayo yonke impahla ngenxa yalokho kulawulwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlalifa ayikwazi ukulahla noma iyiphi ingxenye ethile, engadingekile. Le mithetho ifakwe yiqiniso lokuthi ukulandelana kuhilela ukudluliselwa kwempahla yonke njengendlela eyodwa kuphela ngendlela engashintshi. Ngemuva kokwenqaba, ingxenye eyayiyokwenziwa yindlalifa isatshalaliswa kubantu abasele ngokulingana namasheya abo.

Izidingo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana

Uma kungekho ukugcinwa kwemigomo yemigomo ephathelene nokubhaliswa kokulahla, kungabonakala sengathi ayikho futhi ayikho. Ngokukhethekile, lokhu kuvunyelwe uma:

1. Imvume yezidumbu zokulondoloza kanye ne-trusteeship ayitholakalanga. Kuyadingeka uma ukwenqaba kwenziwa ngumuntu ongekho emthethweni / ophansi.
2. Ukungahambisani nesimo sokuqaliswa kuzoveza.
3. Ukudluliselwa kwengxenye yelifa kwenzelwa abantu abangenawo amalungelo afanele.
4. Kukhona ukubhuka nemibandela.

Isakhiwo se-Escheat

Babiza izimpahla ezihlala zikhona lapho kungekho khona izindlalifa, ukususwa kwabo, ukungabi nelungelo lokuba ngabahluleli, ukwenqaba kwabo bonke abantu ukwamukela impahla ngaphandle kokukhomba izakhamuzi ezithile ezithandekayo zabo. Isakhiwo sase-Escheat, esakhiweni sokuhlala, esisemkhakheni weRussian Federation, siba yindawo yoMnyango Wezokuvikela ohambelana nawo. Uma itholakala edolobheni londliwe. Inani, ngakho kuthathwa yisifunda. Izindlu zokuhlala zifakwe esikhwameni sezindlu senhloso yomphakathi. Amanye ama- escheat yimpahla edlulela ekubeni ngumnikazi we-Russian Federation ngendlela yokulandelana ngaphansi komthetho.

Isiphetho

Ukwenqaba kabusha ifa kufanele kube ngokuzithandela. Kule ndaba, isihloko esenza isenzo esinjalo kumele siqonde imiphumela yaso. Esikhathini esizayo, lo muntu ngeke akwazi ukushintsha ingqondo yakhe futhi abuyisele impahla. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isicelo, kufanele uhlole kahle zonke izinzuzo nezindleko zesinqumo. Kwezinye izimo, isidingo sokwenza inqubo sichazwa yisikweletu somshonile. Emva kwakho konke, ngokuya komthetho, kanye nomhlaba, izibophezelo zomnikazi nazo zidlulela kubahluleli. Kwabanye abantu, bangumthwalo ongenakubekezelela. Noma kunjalo, njalo ukulahlwa kwefa kuyindlela kuphela yokuphuma kweso simo. Ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo, kunconywa ukubonisana nabameli kanye notary oqhuba icala.