Ukwakhiwa yikuphi? Ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo, "Khrushchev", izindawo, imikhumbi, njll?

Ukwakhiwa kuyinkqubo eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sento ethile. NgeLatini kusho "ukulungisa", "ukuvuselela", "ukuvuselela".

Ukulungiswa emsebenzini wezinkampani zokukhiqiza

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho wanoma iyiphi inhlangano, inqubo yokulimaza kokuziphatha nokusebenza kwemishini kanye nemishini yayo, kanye nezakhiwo nezakhiwo, kwenzeka.

Ukubuyisela amandla okusebenza kwezimpahla ezikhiqizayo, ukushintshwa kwabo kuthuthukiswa, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kabusha. Lokhu kwenza ukwandisa umkhiqizo wezabasebenzi, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi.

Izindlela zenqubo

Ukushintshwa kwezimpahla zokukhiqiza ezilahlayo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

1. Ukubhalwa kwezimali ezithile ezihloselwe ukukhiqizwa. Kulesi simo, zishintshwa yiziqhamuka ezisha futhi ezikhiqizayo.

2. Ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwamayunithi ngamanye amabhizinisi. Phakathi nale nqubo, ingxenye ethile yezimpahla ezigugile kufanele ilandelwe yizinsuku zanamuhla.

Uhlelo lokuvuselela luvame ukuqhutshwa ngokukhishwa kwamabhizinisi amadala, lapho izitolo ezintsha zokukhiqiza nezakhiwo zakhiwa ensimini yabo.

Ukulungiswa ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi

Ukugqoka okungokwenyama nokuziphatha kwezinto eziningi ezingaguquki kubonakala futhi enkampanini yokuthumela. Izinkampani eziningi zinemikhumbi, isikhathi sayo esiseduze nomkhawulo. Kubo, ukulungiswa cishe kuyindlela kuphela evumela ukuthi kukhuliswe impilo. Uma kungenjalo, imikhumbi izothunyelwa ngokuthunjwa. Futhi izinkampani eziningi azikwazi ukuzikhokhela lokhu, ngoba zizolahlekelwa yizinzuzo eziningi, ngoba zingama-veteran abasebenza kanzima abagijima emanzini phakathi kweMpumalanga Ekude namazwe ase-Asia-Pacific. Inqwaba yezimpahla zithwala izitsha ezinjengemifula egijima eRussia naseduze kwamanye amazwe.

Hlaziya kabusha imoto usebenzisa indlela yokubeka impahla yezindala ezindala ngezindlela ezintsha, mhlawumbe hhayi yonke inkampani. Le nqubo yinde futhi ibiza kakhulu. Yingakho ukulungiswa kwemikhumbi kwenziwa. Ivumela ukuvuselela izimali ezindala iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwemihlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani izoba nesikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza ukuvuselelwa kwemikhumbi, imakethe yezokuthutha ngeke ilahleke, lapho kunomncintiswano onamandla.

Ukuvuselelwa kuyinkqubo ezovumela inkampani ukuba yande ubukhulu bomkhumbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga amanani angabuyekezwa phezulu, futhi amagama atholakalayo avela ezinhlanganweni zomshuwalense atholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokuthuthukiswa komkhumbi, izindleko zokugcinwa kwazo zizocishiswa kakhulu. Ekugcineni, impilo yama-veteran ahloniphekile emfuleni nasezindaweni zasolwandle izokwandiswa.

Ukulungiswa okwenziwe ekamelweni lezimpahla zesikebhe somkhumbi kungenziwa ngenye indlela. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba wenze amaphesenti amakhulu womsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Umkhumbi awukhenxiswa emsebenzini.

Ukwakhiwa kwesitokisi sezindlu

Le nkinga ibaluleke kakhulu ezweni lonke, ngoba lidlala indima ekudaleni imvelo yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kubantu.

Futhi kule ndawo, ukulungiswa kuyinkqubo yokubuyiselwa noma ukubuyisela izinto ezithile ezingokomzimba noma zokuziphatha ezingasasebenzi nezinye, ezisha.

Isitoreji sezindlu singaphansi kokubhalwa noma ukuvuselelwa, ukuvuselelwa noma ukuvuselelwa. Izakhiwo zingaqedwa, futhi izinto ezintsha zakhiwa endaweni yazo. Zonke lezi zenzo zibhekisela ezindleleni ezahlukene zokwakhiwa kabusha. Yikuphi okumele kusetshenziswe kuleso simo ngasinye? Yonke into ayincike kuphela kwizici zesakhiwo sokuhlala, kodwa futhi nezindlela zokuxhashazwa kwayo okuqhubekayo.

Isigaba sokuqala

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi, iphrojekthi yokutshala izimali kumele ihlelwe. Le dokhumenti izothola isethi eyisisekelo yezenzo ezidingekayo ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ubuchwepheshe, ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi ezihloswe ukufeza umsebenzi wokulungisa indlu nokuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi nezomnotho ezihlobene nokusebenza kahle kwalesi sikhungo.

Ukuhlanganyela kombuso

Iziphathimandla zikaMasipala nezifunda zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamasheya ezindlu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubamba iqhaza kwabo kungenziwa ngefomu ezimbili - ngokwezezimali nangokungekho ezezimali. Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi wawo obalulekile.

Okubalulekile kokubamba iqhaza kwezezimali ngukuthi:

- ukuhlinzeka ngemali engase isetshenziswe noma ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila, noma ngokubuyisela inani elithile lezindleko zokulungisa nokugcinwa kwamafulethi nezindlu;

- ukuxhasa ngemali uhlelo lwezindlu;

- ukuhlinzekwa nokuhlelwa kwemali mboleko yezindlu;

- ukunikeza abantu ngokomzimba amalungelo entela;

- izimali ezihlose ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sezindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokubamba iqhaza okungezona ezezimali, imizimba yombuso isebenzisa izinsimbi eziningi ezihlobene nomkhakha wesimiso somthetho, ezolawulo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwedolobha. Kulokhu, izinto eziyinhloko zokwenza lo msebenzi akuzona kuphela amaphrojekthi wokwakha kabusha, lapho kungakhiwa khona ukwakhiwa okusha, ukuvuselelwa noma ukwakha kabusha, kodwa futhi nezinhlangano zokuvuselela (abaqashi, abaninikhaya, abakhiqizi kanye nezinhlangano zezikweletu).

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Endaweni ethile, ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo ezikhona kanye nezakhiwo nokususwa kwamanethiwekhi nezinsiza ezisuka emhlabathini kungenziwa. Lona ukulungiswa kwezindawo. Inhloso yalo enkulu ukukhulula isakhiwo sokwakhiwa okusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokulondoloza izakhiwo elisezindaweni enikeziwe alinandaba.

Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okunemibandela yokulungiswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili. Ukukhululwa kwesayithi sokwakhiwa okusha kungaphoqeleka noma kuguquguquke.

Iyiphi uhlobo lokuqala lokulungiswa? Lokhu kwamukelwa isinqumo esihleliwe sokudiliza isakhiwo sokwakhiwa esivele sikhona. Ukulungiswa kwezinguquko, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuqhubeka ngokwemvelo, njengoba kungumphumela wamaphutha athile, imiphumela engaphathi ukulawula nokuphathwa.

Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi omkhulu

ERussia, uhlelo olukhulu luyasetshenziswa, oluhlinzekela umsebenzi ovumela ukuvuselelwa kwemikhakha yonke. Ukulungiswa kwezindawo ezinkulu eSt. Petersburg kwenziwa yinhlangano eyakhiwe ngokuqondile kule phrojekthi. Lokhu kuyi-OOO SPB-Ukwakhiwa.

Isivumelwano esivumelanisiwe siphethwe phakathi kenkampani kanye neziphathimandla zedolobha. Ngokusho kwakhe, kuze kufike ngo-2019 eSt. Petersburg kuzolungiswa "Khrushchev." Ikhamphani yokwakha ikhipha umsebenzi wokudiliza izindlu ezingaphezu kweyinkulungwane ezisezifundeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zenhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho. Endaweni yabo izokwakhiwa cishe amamitha ayisishiyagalombili square. Amamitha amafulethi amasha.

Abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu babhaliswa ezindlini ezizovuselelwa. Ngemuva komsebenzi, inani labahlali kufanele landa kathathu. Izindlu ezintsha zihlelwe ukwakha izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu besikhathi sethu buzosetshenziswa.

Ngaphansi kweprojekthi, izingxenye ezintsha kufanele zihlome izindlu zokubilisa, futhi ukufakwa kwamamitha ngezinsiza zamandla ezinikezwayo kuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izindlu. Izindlu zihlela ukushisa umoya obandayo ovela emgwaqweni. Lo msebenzi unikezwa ukuthengwa kwanamuhla futhi kukhishwe umoya wokuphumula. Eminyangweni kuyoba khona ama-superlifts, azobe ekhokhiswa ngokwakho ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Emapulazini amafasitela kukhona ukufakwa kwamafasitela angamapulangwe amabili, njll.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-thermal

Inani elikhulu lezindlu zaseRussia kanye nama-republic ase-Soviet asekuqaleni kwakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1980. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa uhlelo olukhulu lwezindlu zokwakha izindlu ezinkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye laqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, kodwa imibuzo ephathelene nokufakwa kwezindlu ezishisayo zancintiswa kuphela ngezindlela zendabuko ngalezo zikhathi.

Kufanelekile ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ezindlini zakudala kufinyelela ezingamatshumi ayisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhokhelwa kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nokunyuka kokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemithombo yamanzi.

Uma kwezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala ukulungiswa ukubuyisela imishini yezobunjiniyela, ukulungisa amanethiwekhi okushisa angaphakathi nangamakhulu, khona-ke lezi zakhiwo isisombululo sezinyathelo zokwehlukaniswa kwamafayili. Ihlanganisa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa imishini, umzimba, ubuhle kanye nezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza zesakhiwo. Zonke lezi zinyathelo zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezindlu.

Ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezakhi zesakhiwo, ingaphakathi nangaphandle, ukugxilwa kwezingqimba, izingqikithi, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhwalithi yesitoreji sezindlu esivele sithuthukisiwe kakhulu.