Ukuzimela - into zezombusazwe? Asho ukuzimela?

Kuyini ukuzimela? Lena ithemu luyingxenye ezombusazwe, noma into ukuthi kungavuka ezihlukahlukene nezinye izindima? Yiziphi izimpawu yokuzimela?

I kaningi ukutolika

Igama elithi "ukuzimela" kuyinto capacious kakhulu. Ingabe ukuhumusha yefilosofi ke - khona amathuba ethile object abaphilayo ozimele. Uma kunalokho, ukuthi sisebenzelana nabantu a heteronomy, okungukuthi ukungabi khona izimpawu wokuzibusa. Kukhona incazelo zombusazwe eside, lapho Authority - i zokuphatha (ngokuvamile ngisho nesimo) imfundo has ubukhosi maqondana nezinye izifundo. Kukhona ukuqaphela yezenhlalakahle zalesi simo - ukuzimela komuntu kwabanye (ngabanye noma amaqembu omphakathi). Kukhona incazelo ngokwengqondo elithi, uma ukuthuthukiswa siqu livela ngaphandle kwethonya ebonakalayo kwanoma iyiphi into.

Ukuzimela - okungukuthi, njengoba umthetho, isihloko noma mkhuba (state). Isibonelo ukuthi icala lokuqala - kazwelonke-kwamasiko ukuzimela (isikhungo eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa iyiphi uhlanga), i-yesibili - indawo ukuzimela kusho ukuzimela ezindaweni ezithile noma izindawo kwabanye.

Ukuzimela umongo zomlando

Igama elithi "ukuzimela" kulokho okushiwo zezombusazwe yomlando osaziyo muva. Yena kabanzi ucishe zaqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, bakhuthele - ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. ERussia, Nokho, lo mkhuba yokuzimela elinikwe ukunakwa owengeziwe. Engingakusho nje kufundvwe ngokuningiliziwe amaSoviet futhi lisetshenziswe umkhuba ekudalweni izikhungo zombuso. Ukuzimela abe khona, isibonelo, njengoba izikhonzi RSFSR. Aqondakala, kodwa hhayi ubukhosi, kodwa nje thuluzi lezepolitiki yokukhuluma ye sovereignty of kwamaqembu ezinhlanga.

Esikhathini RSFSR babe ukuzimela zezombusazwe (lizwe), kanye nezokuphatha (izifunda, izifunda). Izici eziyinhloko lowokuqala kwakungu-sisekelo wayo siqu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubuzwe, kwesibili - igunya ezibanzi ukuze ohulumeni. Lolu hlobo division zokuphatha wahlala post-Soviet Russia ngezindlela eziningi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho zomlando predetermined ukuvela kwegama elithi "ukuzimela kazwelonke". Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba isihloko njalo nokuqagela izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezihlukahlukene - kokubili eRussia futhi enkundleni ngamazwe.

Ukuzimela: isipiliyoni Chinese

Isibonelo isimo, bakwazile ukuhlanganisa ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo amaqembu amaningana yobuhlanga, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi iyafana nomunye ngamasiko futhi kube yinto - Chinese. Ngokusho umthethosisekelo, China iyisimo sezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Uhulumeni waseChina likhombe 56 namaqembu ezinhlanga abahlala kuleli lizwe. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke them - Han ubuzwe. I izingxenye ezisele abizwa ngokuthi ezincane kazwelonke. Basuke benawo amalungelo athile emkhakheni wezepolitiki ukuzibusa.

Lapho amaqembu amancane ezinhlanga China bahlala ngamaqembu compact, esungulwe neziphathimandla zendawo. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi abantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene Han Chinese kusekelwe ubumbano, ukulingana, ubumbano yezwe, kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Banikezwe okubakhona nokukhula kwe-GDP yezwe ongasho ukuthi lo isampula lwenqubomgomo kazwelonke siphumelele. Ngezindlela eziningi kuba inzuzo iqembu China - wamaKhomanisi. Ezinsukwini phambi ubukhomanisi abantu Chinese abakwazi ukuqaphela lomkhuba yokuzimela, kuyini. On izimiso lokuhlonipha izithakazelo zendawo kazwelonke esekelwe isakhiwo samanje zokuphatha yezwe.

ukuzimela Political: okuhlangenwe nakho emazweni ahlukahlukene

Ukuzimela - okungukuthi, uma uthatha umongo zezombusazwe, kutimela izindawo ngaphakathi isimo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa livikeleke umthetho eziningi emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, Spain. Njengengxenye yalolu lizwe izinhlangano eziningana ezizimele - the Basque Izwe, Andalusia, noma, engiyishoyo, Catalonia. Kukhona izibonelo izindawo ezinjalo e-France (Corsica). EFinland, ezizimele Aland Islands zinikwe inkululeko.

Isibonelo esihle kakhulu - Greenland, okuyinto de jure kungokwalabo Denmark, kodwa de empeleni waba ihlinzeka umasipala ezimele kakhulu. Kunjalo ngoba Faroe Islands. Leli qoqo, kanye de jure ingxenye Denmark has, isibonelo, lebhola lalo. izimiso ukuphathwa idatha zokwakheka eYurophu sasivumela jikelele: kulezi zifunda ngokuzimela uxazulule izinkinga emkhakheni yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle nemfundo. Esikhathini izifunda ezizimele adalwe amazwe athuthukile, namandla emizimbeni ophakeme kahle kwemandla embuso ayokhawula kanzima.

Ukuzimela ezifundeni ebumbeneko

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo izinhlelo lonke ezombusazwe - umfelandawonye, ukuhlanganyela kanye inarha ebumbeneko. Esikhathini esidlule ukuba khona ukuzimela, njengoba abanye abahlaziyi bezombusazwe, kungenzeka nzima ngenxa yokuswela ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele zokuphatha. Nokho, isisekelo akunika kwezinye izindawo amandla ezengeziwe kungenzeka, isibonelo, uhlanga yezakhamuzi abahlala lapho. Umsebenzi oyinhloko isimo ukudala ukuzimela ezinjalo - ukunikeza asathuthuka kule ndawo ajwayelekile kwamasiko, ukuxhumana ngolimi lwendabuko, ukuba siphile ukuphila ngokuhambisana namasiko kazwelonke. Kukhona uthi abaningi ebumbeneko, lapho ngempumelelo ukusebenza izimiso zokuzibusa Amaqembu ezizwe eChina, eSpain, eFrance, Finland, eNorthern Ireland, i-Italy, Azerbaijan.

autonomies bathola izingane ngokuhlinzwa e-Russia

uhlelo Administrative nezombusazwe Russia yesimanje inika ububanzi ngokwanele enkulu amandla ingxenye enkulu kwezihloko federal (abenze, eqinisweni, ukuzimela). Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha ezifana amayunithi indawo ezweni lethu isetshenzisiwe ngokushesha ngemva 1917. ukuzimela kazwelonke Igama elithi 'indawo'. Lesi senzakalo waqonda njengendlela zokuzibusa kulezo izingxenye zezwe, lapho kwakukhona khona Ukwakheka ekhethekile yobuhlanga sabantu, okuyinto has ezahlukene kwezinye izizwe, amasiko, izimiso zokuziphatha wokuphila, limi.

Kwakukhona kumaprojekthi ibeke kuhlonyiswa kwetinhlangano autonomies kazwelonke amandla ebanzi kakhulu phakathi isimo sikahulumeni (thatha, isibonelo, abantu balelo iVolga esifundeni noma iphrojekthi ye eRepublic). Kodwa ekugcineni neziphathimandla baye banquma ukuhlala ifomethi amandla izizwe ngazinye izimpawu Russia uzibuse, akusho ubukhosi isimo egcwele.