Ukuvunwa kwe-haylage: imithetho yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugcina

Emapulazini amafuyo, isilila kanye ne-haylage zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Benza ukuthi kusetshenziswe imifino yokulimaza, ngemuva kwalokho isitokisi sezinyosi singena ezindlini ze-hermetic. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-haylage evunyiwe ephakeme kakhulu kwenza kube lula ukuhlinzeka izinkomo ngefolda ngezindleko ezincane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye zezindlela zokulungiselela imithi yamakhemikhali yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ophelile njengengxube eyomile, evulela amathuba okusebenza ngendlela yokudla. Ngokusobala, ubuchwepheshe bokuvunwa kwe-silage ne-silage bungenza ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kwepulazi. Into esemqoka ukuwusebenzisa kahle indlela yokusebenza.

Iyini insizwa?

I-senage ingaphathwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kusukela ekubukeni kokusebenza, lokhu kuyisisekelo sefolda yemfuyo, futhi uma sicabangela lokho okucatshangelwa ukuthi kuvela kuphi, kufanele sikhulume ngobuningi bezitshalo zezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile senazhom kubhekwa njengokudla, evunwa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile kusuka okusanhlamvu kanye neziqu. Ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni impahla kunendlela yokugcina. Phakathi kwezimo eziyinhloko zokuqedwa kwalesi sigaba sokuthengwa kwempahla kungukuntuleka kokufinyelela emoyeni. Njengoba kuphawulwe ubuchwepheshe, le nuance yenza kube lula ukunikeza ukondla esikhathini esizayo ngesisekelo esidingekayo somsoco. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvuna haylage ezimweni ezinjalo akunakwenzeka kodwa kusize ekuthuthukiseni amabhaktheriya ayingozi.

Ukulungiselela izitshalo ze-haylage

Ukuvuna kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi izitshalo ezigciniwe kuphela, kodwa futhi i-alfalfa nge-clover. Ubuncwane bezinga elivela emasimini lungatholakala kuphela uma ukugaya kwenziwa esiteji sokuhluma. Uma sikhuluma ngotshani, khona-ke isigaba esiphezulu somhlangano sizoba yi-tube. Ukuphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesitshalo sezitshalo kubonakala emgangathweni wesondlo, ikakhulukazi uma kunotshani utshani.

Ukwehla esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwemifino kunomthelela ekuhlinzekeni kwenhlanganisela yokudla ngeprotheyini engcolile. Kulokhu, ukuvunwa kwe-silage ne-silage kufanele kuhlelwe kusengaphambili, ngoba isikhathi sokugaya kufanele singadluli izinsuku ezingu-10. Ijubane elikhulu lokuhlanza libangelwa ukuthi ukomiswa kwesisindo esivunyiwe ensimini akumukeleki ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo eziwusizo zendaba. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokuvuna ama-herbs, ukufaniswa kokudla kokudla kufanele kuqinisekiswe.

Ukunqunywa kwamanzi umswakama

Ngokushesha emva kokuqoqwa kubalulekile ukucacisa okuqukethwe komswakama we-mass mass. Lapho okuqukethwe okuketshezi ezinotshani kungaphezu kwezingu-60%, isitoreji esengeziwe sizokwenzeka ngokohlobo lokugqilaza. Uma izinga lokuswakama liyancipha libe ngu-40%, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile zesondlo kungabonwa. Esikhathini esingezansi kwe-20%, ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-carotene kubonakala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela okuqukethwe komswakama wezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswe izindlela ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, ubuchwepheshe beklasi yokuvunwa kwe-silage ne-silage kuhilela ukusebenzisa imitha yomswakama waseChizhov. Futhi, izinga lokumswakama linganqunywa yindlela yokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe. Ngokwenzayo, leli pharamitha lilawulwa ngalendlela elandelayo: I-10 kg yezimila ezikhohlakeleyo zibekiwe ehlathini elinama-gauze elenga, kanye nezinhlanga. Uma isampula sifinyelela isisindo somyalelo we-6 kg, ubukhulu bubhekwa njengendlela efanele yokumaketha.

Bhalisa isiliva

Ubuningi obuqediwe bubekwe emathangeni okukhonkxa ngekhava le-hermetic ngefilimu ye-polyethylene. Emaphethelweni, indaba ikhula phakathi kwezindonga nemifino ekheniwe kuze kube ngu-50 cm. Ngokulandelayo, isendlalelo se-2-cm sithelwa nge- quicklime, lesi sivikelo sivikela ukudla okuzayo kusuka kumagundane. Futhi, isitoreji se-haylage ku-ifilimu sinikeza utshani obubekwe ungqimba olungaba ngu-25 cm high. Kodwa le ndlela yokulondoloza idinga ukuba ukutshala utshani kwenziwe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhethwa kwemigqa kungenziwa ngokulandela inqubo efanayo njengalokhu kungenwa utshani obungasemhlabathini. Okusho ukuthi utshani obubekiwe buyoba nezici ezihlukene, kepha ukuqhutshwa kwe-ramming okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ngomthwalo ofanayo.

Ukuze unciphise umehluko kwimingcele yokuqala ye-cereal kanye nobhontshisi obuntshisi, kunconywa ukuthi ukwandise izinga lokuhlenga ngamacala ngamanye. Iqiniso liwukuthi imishini yokuvuna haylage esiteji sokugaya ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezingcweti, ezihlanganisa utshani lwezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene. Ukulawula okunokulinganisela kokuphakama kwe-cut kunika ukuthi ubeke umsele owodwa nokukhululeka okungenayo.

Ukubeka ifilimu

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesisindo esikhulu sokulondolozwa, ungqimba olulodwa lwotshani lungabekwe phezu kwezinhloso zokufaka uphawu. Emva kwalokhu, isembozo sokugcina senhlanganisela ehlanganisiwe senziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-canopy esekelwe ifilimu ye-polymer. Kulesi simo, ukuwayeka akukhuthazwa. Ezindaweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona imigqa yamaphethelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta ekujuleni kwe-haymaking kuvame ukugcinwa kuze kube ngu-20 cm. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zamafilimu zibe ngamapaneli ahambisana nobukhulu bomsele. Impahla ye-polyethylene ingagudluzwa emaphethelweni nge-welding efudumele, futhi i-polychlorvinyl ixhunywe kahle ne-glue. Kanti futhi, ukungahlanganisi ngekhava kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-tape yokunamathisela. Kunconywa ukwakha i-flooring ye-strips ngobubanzi obungenani u-8 cm. Ngemuva kokusebenza, ubuso befilimu bumbozwe umhlaba, i-peat ne-sawdust. Inhloso yalesi sigqoko iguquguquka kancane nge-mulching, evikela umhlaba kanye nezitshalo ekuqhenqeni.

Izimo zokugcina ezilungile

Uma umsebenzi oyinhloko ekulungiseleleni izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-haylage ukulawula umswakama obuntshani, emva kokuba ibhukimakhi kufanele inake izinga lokuvalwa. Ikhwalithi yokuvikelwa kwezinto ezivela ekuzifudumiseni zixhomeke kulokhu. Ngamanye amazwi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphelelwa okuphelele kokufinyelela kwe-air kugeleza ku-massage senage. U-oksijeni, ungene emgodini owakhiwe, usheshe uthathwe yizitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo silahlekelwa izakhi zalo, ukuvunwa kwe-haylage esikhathini esizayo ngeke kube ngempumelelo. Ukuvimbela izimo ezimbi zalolu hlobo kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokulondoloza ukuqina, okutholakala esiteji sokubeka impahla yefilimu ngaphandle kwemigqa. Ochwepheshe futhi bacabangela ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo eziningi zokulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. Ngokuyinhloko, uma ukuhlushwa kwezingxenye ezomile kule nhlanganisela kwanda, lokhu kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-bacterium we-putrefactive ne-oleaginous. Izinyathelo zokuqeda isikhunta isikhunta, njengombuso, ukunciphisa ukuhambisana nokuhlala kwendawo yezinyosi.

Izindlela zokuvuna Hay

Indlela yokukhiqiza umgudu unemiqondo yayo. Indaba ukuthi indawo yokugcina igcinwe igcwele i-carbon dioxide futhi ingxenye nge nitrogen. Ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka, le nhlanganisela ithathelwe indawo yomoya, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni okusebenzayo kwezincane ezincane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba udle ukudla okusheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwenza okwenziwe ngesikhashana ukuthungwa. Uma i-haymaking eqhutshwa emgodini, ngemuva kokukhipha indawo yokukhosela, ubukhulu kufanele bubekwe ngezendlalelo eziqondile ezingekho ngaphasi kwama-50 cm phezulu. Ukumba nokusika okulandelayo kwenziwa ukuze ubuqotho besendlalelo esisele abuphuli. Akunzima ukuhambisana nale mfuneko uma ukusebenza kwenziwa ngosizo lwabaphathi bezinhlamvu.

Izici ze-haylage ehlanganisiwe

Le ndlela yokulondoloza haylage inikeza ukukhishwa kwe-billet ngokubeka ubukhulu hhayi emgodini, kodwa kuphakethe elikhethekile. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokhu, imiqulu ikhiwa ngokucindezela utshani. Njengomthetho, ukuvunwa kwe-haylage emigqumeni kuyenziwa ngosizo lwe-canter-canters. Lezi zixhobo, ezikuvumela ukuba uguqule izingqimba zezitshalo ngokulondoloza isimo esifisayo nokuhambisana nezidingo zokuhlanganisa.

Lezi zinto zifakwa emaphaketheni kwesokudla, hhayi kude nepulazi. Ngokushesha ummbila uphonswa ku-container, amathuba amakhulu okugcina izakhi, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni, ushukela, i-carotene, njll. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bufuna ukulungiswa kwe-haylage ephaketheni, indaba yokugada kufanele ibe ifilimu yesikhala, isibonelo, i-agrostreich.

Izinzuzo ze-haylage hay

Ngokuyinhloko, izinzuzo zale ndlela zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwemishini. Kunoma yikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise ijubane lokubunjwa kwemiqulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezakhiwo eziwusizo zokudla. Izinzuzo zefilimu ngokwayo nazo ziphawulwe, lapho kubhekwa khona amakhamera anesisindo. Inikeza isitoreji esisindiwe, sivikelekile ngokuthembekile emanzini, umswakama nomoya we-ultraviolet. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvunwa kwe-haylage ephaketheni kwenza kube nokwandisa umkhiqizo wepulazi lezinkomo. Ukuqeda isidingo sokusebenzisa izithasiselo zokudla okugxilisiwe , isibonelo, kubangele ukwanda komkhiqizo wobisi.

Ukunqunywa kwekhwalithi ye-haylage

Ngenqubo yokugcina ubukhulu obuningi futhi ngaphambi komsebenzi wokumba, i-organoleptic control yenziwa, okwenza kube lula ukucacisa izici ze-qualitative ze-silage esizayo. Ikakhulukazi, ochwepheshe balungisa isimo sezinto, iphunga nomthunzi. Uma ubuchwepheshe bokuvunwa kwe-haylage buhlonishwa kahle, khona-ke umbala uzoba umnqumo noma ophuzi ohlaza. Ngokuqondene nephunga, kufanele libukeke njenge-shadow shades-fruity shades. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu abufanele busiwe, kodwa futhi bube ne-mucus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingakwazi ukugcina amaqabunga onke, izingcezu zeziqu, okusanhlamvu kanye nobhontshisi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ku-senage ayikho imikhakha yezinkuni kanye nezinqubo ze-fungal.

Isiphetho

Umqondo we-senage uvela ngesifiso sabalimi ukusindisa imithombo yokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu buchwepheshe akusho ukwehla kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokudla wezinkomo. Kulokulondolozwa nokugcinwa kwesisekelo sokudla okunomsoco okwanele ukuthi u-hay ne-haymaking ajwayelekile. Lokhu akukhathazi nje kuphela izidingo zokuqukethwe kwesisekelo esilungisiwe sokondla, kodwa futhi nezigaba zokulungiselela ubuningi bomswakama. Ngokuyinhloko, ngisho nasesiteji se-bevel, kunconywa ukuba ulungiselele kahle izinto ukuze ubeke phambili, ukucacisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinkomba zomswakama. Ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezici ezisebenzayo kuhlinzekela ukuhambisana nemithetho yokubeka i-silage nokufundwa kwayo okuqhubekayo.