Ukuvikelwa International kwamalungelo wobuntu ohlelweni UN

Naphezu abalulekile intuthuko yomhlaba wonke ekwakhiweni kwezinkambiso nemigomo ngamalungelo esintu, ekusebenziseni kwabo, kukhona izikhala omkhulu. Omunye umthetho nezisetshenziswa ezifuyiwe yikona enganele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilungelo abe ngokoqobo, kumelwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhlonishwa komthetho futhi isicelo salo ekuphileni. Kungenxa yalesi oswela ukuvikelwa ngamazwe kwamalungelo wobuntu. Yebo, noma kanjani, uthi babe imithetho yabo futhi obyaannosti zaschischayut amalungelo la, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzisebenzisa? Izinqubo lokhu Ukuvikelwa ingasetshenziswa ngokusho la imisebenzi lwenziwa.

Ngemva kwezimpi zezwe kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - ikakhulukazi yesibili - kwaba sobala ukuthi amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusebenza umthetho kazwelonke - ubugebengu obubi, ukuqothulwa kohlanga nokubulawa kwabantu ayenziwa imibuso ehlukene eYurophu nase-Asia ngesisekelo imithetho, kodwa le mithetho kuthiwa ngokuphelele akazange luhambisane amanye amalungelo nenkululeko. Ngakho-ke, i-United Nations yanquma ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela omhlaba ibanga wokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu ezingeni likazwelonke. Ngakho, ukuvikelwa ngamazwe kwamalungelo wobuntu wayebe igunya lenhlangano entsha.

Kungashiwo ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene ukhona futhi realizutsya ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi emkhakheni ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo wobuntu. Kungenxa yalesi isakhiwo ekhethekile batusa ukuphenya, ukweluleka, ukusiza States ngaphakathi ohlelweni United Nations, njengoba isidingo sokusekela kanye wokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ngisho ukuqapha indlela uthi ukufeza izincomo zabo. Amandla alama-ejensi ekusebenta UN zisekelwe kwesibopho samazwe omhlaba UN oyilungu. Kulesi sisekelo, ukuze afeze ngamazwe Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho kwamalungelo wobuntu.

Okokuqala, lokhu kuba umsebenzi UN General Assembly, kanye Council olukhethekile wezoMnotho kanye nezeNhlalakahle eyayithi uqondisa Affairs,. Lokhu Council (ECOSOC) kwenza imibiko yisisekelo ukufaka ezihlukahlukene nezindaba oyingozi futhi eziyinkinga mayelana udlame olubhekiswe wamalungelo wobuntu ajenda ye-General Assembly. nezindaba ezinjalo Futhi unganikela ahlukene we-UN, futhi uNobhala Jikelele. Ukuvikelwa International kwamalungelo wobuntu ngokusebenzisa lesi simiso uba buthakathaka ngenxa yokuthi isinqumo General Assembly ukuze ohulumeni akuzona esibophezelayo futhi recommendatory. Nokho, zisekelwe izimiso komthetho wamazwe omhlaba ukuthi ziyabophelela ngokuya ngokomthetho.

Omunye emizimbeni ephethwe ECOSOC, okuyinto yenza umsebenzi kwamalungelo wobuntu, angabizwa ngokuthi yeKhomishane Yamalungelo, wadala ku forties kwekhulu elidlule. Minyaka yonke, lihlangabezana amasonto ayisithupha. rapporteurs wakhe okhethekile ukulungiselela izifundo ezihlukahlukene mayelana lokuthi ngabe i- izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe njengoba ihlonishwe civil amalungelo nenkululeko, amalungelo abantu besifazane nezingane ezincane, lungekho kunoma ubani ukucwaswa ngesisekelo ibala, ubuzwe, inkolo noma ezinye izici. Ngaphezu ucwaningo, uKhomishane iyokwenza izincomo ngcono isimo.

izindlela International womuntu zokuvikela amalungelo ngo-1976 kwaqina nakakhulu ukubukeka UN iKomiti ekhethekile, naye usebenza emkhakheni kwamalungelo wobuntu. Bahlanganisa ochwepheshe ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, okuyinto unedumela okusezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni zokuziphatha futhi ochwepheshe phezu amalungelo nenkululeko ukugcwaliseka nokuvikelwa yabo. IKomiti ezwa imibiko esuka States ngalokho isimo lapho amalungelo abantu nokuhlonipha ukubenza izimpendulo ezihlukahlukene, lapho isimo ubophekile ukuba baphendule. Le komiti Ungase futhi ukukhononda ngokuthi abantu kwephulwe amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko. Uma ucabangela isikhalazo, iKomiti enquma futhi incoma ukuthi kufanele uziyale ukuba ushintsho esimweni emthethweni futhi umkhuba, ukuze ugweme umthetho.

Ukuvikelwa International kwamalungelo wobuntu ohlelweni UN Kwenziwa futhi ngamanye emizimbeni ekubhekaneni amalungelo amaqembu athile abantu: abesifazane, izingane, nokunye. I-International Criminal Court kuya kowezi-2000 bekulokhu amacala abucayi kakhulu kuphambene namalungelo esintu ezenziwa abantu, labo abanegunya - ezifana amacala nempi, ukuqothulwa kohlanga noma obugebengu aphambene nobuntu, nezinto ezifana nalokho. Njengoba kule minyaka yamuva, i-UN ukuvikela abantu ohlelweni amalungelo, kakhulu wagxeka kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene ngenxa nzima yayo futhi ukungasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibucayi, kwakukhona izikhundla ezifana ukhomishana omkhulu weNhlangano yeZizwe - kwamalungelo esintu ethile, amalungelo lababaleki, okuyinto ongasebenza ezimweni empi.