Ukusebenzisa Wabasaqalayo. amasu utshalomali

Ezezimali kanye Ukubeka ubhekwa njengoba indlela ayisebenzisayo ukuze kuvezwe umphumela othile ethize enhle. Kungaba yemali, ukuzivikela, bokusungula, ezenhlalo, nokunye. ukuhumusha okunjalo imiqondo la kungaphezu kwamandla anoma yokucabangela kwezomnotho. Kule ngombono, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye izimali namuhla kuyithuluzi lokusakaza ukuthola isamba esikhulu semali imali noma ukwandisa dolobha. Lemisebenti ingaphindze isicelo ukuze nezinye.

Ingqikithi nokutshala izimali

Inchazelo ngenhla lokhu mqondo esichazwa njengesono esiphambene indlela yokwakha nokulingana kanye indlela ekufezeni izinhloso okungezona kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo, imali imali kusuka ibhajethi ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yokuma kwezinto ezisemkhathini, akalindele ukuba enze inzuzo. Nokho, umjovo we dolobha kule mboni evumela umsebenzi ucwaningo ebalulekile. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, investimenti kuhilela kokwandiswa etshaliwe. Inchazelo jikelele unikezwa eMthethweni Federal. Ngokuhambisana bezimiso zawo, ukutshalwa kwezimali ithathwa njengokuhlola izibambiso, imali, impahla ezinye, amalungelo endawo, zenani. Basuke bedele e izinto zebhizinisi noma omunye umsebenzi ukuze uthole inzuzo noma bafeza nezinye izinzuzo. Kusisa zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo investimenti ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, zihlanganisa izindleko kabusha ukwakhiwa kanye sesimanje amabhizinisi ekhona, izindleko ukuthenga imishini, imishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, amathuluzi, kanye umklamo nomsebenzi sokusungula nokunye. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ebanzi ngaphezu komnotho ngokutshalwa kwezimali nokuthintana ngaphezulu esinda kuka umqondo izindleko. Izindleko, isibonelo, kungaba yesikhathi esisodwa futhi zamanje. Eyokuqala akunakubangelwa uma utshala imali.

Izici Ukuqaphela

Ngo isimiso sezomnotho yesimanje, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene utshalomali. Umnikelo izimali wenziwa eyodwa noma olunye uhlelo, ukugcwaliseka okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba afinyelele imigomo yakho. Tiniketwe njengoba zichaziwe izinyathelo nemisebenzi ukuthi awaphikisani kwezinkambiso komthetho. Ukutshalwa kwezimali amaphrojekthi eyenziwa for predetermined kathi. EMthethweni ngaphezu umqondo zohlelo uvezwa ucwaningo lokubheka ukuthi kungenzeka, isikhathi kanye nenani dolobha ukutshalwa kwezimali. Lesi sigaba uyazicabangela umthetho kanye nezincwadi, ithuthukiswe ngokuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo, nokwamukelwa ngcono amazinga akhona njengamanje kanye ngendlela ebekiwe. Investment project - okungukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, incazelo izinyathelo ezingokoqobo ezitshaliwe (business plan). Umthetho yethulwa futhi umqondo ezengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlinzekwa ihlinzeka definition njengendlela "igunya project". Kuthathwa ngokuthi iqoqo izinyathelo nge umthamo isamba dolobha ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuhambisana izidingo zomthetho kanye afakwe ohlwini evunywe kaHulumeni.

izikhonzi

ukuqaliswa Olungokoqobo - ekuqaleni utshalomali - ukukholwa ngaphandle ukuqaliswa kumuntu othile noma imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela. Izinto ezisemqoka lo msebenzi yizakhamuzi kanye netintfo. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa izinhlangano kanye nabantu abangaphandle ukuthi bafeze imisebenzi abahlosiwe e inqubo ukuxazulula imisebenzi ebekwe amaphrojekthi utshalomali. Izifundo yilezi:

• Osonkontileka (Action).
• Amakhasimende.
• Abatshali bezimali.
• Amalungu lezinto.
• Abanye abahlanganyeli.

Umthetho unikeza ithuba okubeka umuntu ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi iqhaza ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kule projekthi, ngaphandle uma kusungulwa isivumelwano isimo noma sivumelwano.

izinto

Njengoba lezi zenzo ukudala ezihlukahlukene impahla izinhlangano kanye namabhizinisi of sphere non-elikhiqizayo futhi ithele, izitifiketi, amabhondi, amasheya kanye nezinye izibambiso, imikhiqizo yemvelo kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, impahla kanye namanye amalungelo (kuhlanganise empahla), imali imali. Phakathi lezi zimali ezifakiwe nakho kungaba avelele:

• ukuhlola Geological.
• Izinhloso nokuxhumana kanye nowezokuThutha.
• ukwakhiwa kwezindlu.
• izindawo Agricultural.
• Isakhiwo sphere yezenhlalakahle (ezemfundo, ezempilo, izinhlangano zamasiko prosvetilelskie) nokunye.

ngezigaba

amasu Investment akhiwa ngezizathu ezahlukene:

• Facilities utshalomali.
• period utshalomali.
• Amafomu kobunikazi.
• umumo Wendawo.
• Umthombo izimali imali.
• Iphanorama kwezomnotho.
• Ukugxila Emkhakheni.
• Ithuba iqhaza ekuphathweni nokunye.

Njengoba eyisihluthulelo isikhulumi ngezigaba imisebenzi investimenti amaphrojekthi. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo isici ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye real esabiwe. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki, kwesibili - kwi iphothifoliyo, oqondile, nezinye.

utshalomali yangempela

Ukwakhiwa ukuma, imishini, amabhilidi, izimoto kanye nezinye izinto njengoba utshalomali eziphathekayo. ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphatheki ahloselwe yokufuna amalayisense, patent, ukuqaliswa zokuqeqesha kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho, ikhokhwe kocwaningo. Esikhathini umkhuba kwezibalo ukutshalwa yangempela okukhulunywe esisemanzini amafa okungezona yezimali. ezimali yabo iqhutshwa ngokuvumelana nendlela ye IMF.

ukutshalwa kwemali

ukutshalwa kwezimali ethulwa njengoba izimali amabhondi, amasheya, izitifiketi nezinye izibambiso kanye akhawunti asebhange. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, bahlukene kwi iphothifoliyo, real nezinye iminikelo. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa ekutshalweni kwezimali kumasheya ka for izinzuzo namalungelo kuhlanganyela ekuphatfweni. Zifeza inhlangano futhi abantu ngokomzimba, ngokuphelele oluphethe noma ukulawula inkampani hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10% share (ogunyaziwe) inhlokodolobha noma ukuvikeleka. Ngokuthi iphothifoliyo izimali izinhlobo ezahlukene ukwabelana ukuthi ziphethwe issuers ezahlukene, ukwandisa amathuba ukuze uthole imali. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nokuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza izibopho, ukwabelana, amanothi promissory nezinye izibambiso izikweletu. Ingxenye yabo ingaphansi kuka-10% ngo-joint (ogunyaziwe) enhlokodolobha. Labo ukutshalwa okungezona ezakho ezigabeni ohlwini, sibonisani ngokuqondene "nezinye." Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, ukubolekisa kwezohwebo, uhulumeni ukubolekisa angaphandle yibhange ngabanye.

uhlobo ubunikazi

Ngalokhu umbandela, ngokuvamile ukuhlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, ngasese, umphakathi kanye okuxubile. Wabasaqalayo emabhange ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezifanele imfundiso, okunikeza ngezigaba ethuthukisiwe. Ikakhulu, i-umkhuba kwezibalo ukwaba iminikelo kamasipala, iqhaza umthengi ama cooperatives, izinhlangano zezenkolo kanye nomphakathi. ukutshalwa kwezimali ezixutshiwe ihlukaniswa emalungeni Russian kanye Russian-angaphandle.

Okunye nenqubo

umkhuba Statistical isebenzisa Ukwahlukaniswa izindawo ukusetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, izimali ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi ihlukaniswa by uhlobo ubunikazi, imikhakha yezomnotho, nokunye. Kuye lesifunda (Spatial) isici kufanele ukwaba utshalomali yangaphakathi. Wabasaqalayo, izikhonzi umsebenzi bavame bakhonze njengamaphayona ithuluzi elula kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo ukuze athole inzuzo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kumnotho wasekhaya zihlukaniswe, esikhundleni salokho, by esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi utshalomali zangaphandle. Wabasaqalayo abanikeli le ndlela kungaba futhi indlela ethembisa kakhulu ukwandisa dolobha. Kuye sphere kwezomnotho zokukhiqiza kanye non ukwaba izinhlobo zomsebenzi.

lobulukhuni nobungozi

Kulesi sisekelo, kukhona ngeengaba ezahlukene. Izincwadi ku utshalomali walulama, isibonelo, izigaba njengokutshala izimali olandelanayo othobile nabanolaka. I yokuqala obuncane kanye zezimali okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isigaba yokugcina libhekene amagugu okungenzeka ngokulinganisela ukulahlekelwa. ukutshalwa kwezimali Aggressive zinezikhathi inzuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ingozi, zezimali ongaphakeme. Ngokusho kwenye ngezigaba, secrete ukutshalwa phakeme,, ongaphakeme futhi ezingenanzuzo.

Indlela uqale ukutshala imali?

Kusukela zero ukuze utshale izimali emkhakheni ngeke zisebenze. Ukuze imali engenayo, kumele ube nemali. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale nokutshala izimali, udinga ukuhlola isimo ezezimali. Ezimweni zanamuhla izindleko ezikhulayo lokuphila ngokushesha ngokwanele, okwandisa inkokhelo. Kule ndaba, izimali ukuthi Kwahlelwa ukuba ukutshala kwenye indawo, kungase kunganeli.

izimiso eziyisisekelo

Ulwazi wabo kuyadingeka ukuze ngokuphumelelayo bafeze utshalomali. Kuphi ukuqala? Yikuphi ufake uhlelo? isikhathi esingakanani kusho ukusebenzisa utshalomali lokuqala? Lezi zinkinga kakhulu ukuphokophela zimali imfundamakhwela. Ukuze uzulazule ohlelweni, kufanele wazi imigomo eyisisekelo futhi baqonde ngempela. Kulokhu, izinqumo ezithathwe kuzoletha umphumela oyifunayo. Kumele baqonde umahluko phakathi idiphozi, izimali mutual, amabhondi, amasheya. Kungcono ukufunda eziningi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyasiza ukuhlola umbuzo iphothifoliyo nokwenza, emakethe kahle, uholwa imikhakha eyahlukahlukene. Lonke ulwazi oluqukethwe amabhuku ku imali. Lezi zincwadi ukuchaza imigomo eyisisekelo odinga ukukwazi kukhona amaqhinga ahlukahlukene alo ukutshalwa kwezimali, izibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabathengi ezinkulu zasekhaya ukunikeza ikhono khona izifundo inthanethi on utshalomali. Zithandwa kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa on lo msebenzi.

umgomo

Noma yimuphi isiqondiso ezitshaliwe ihlanganisa lento. Ngaphambi ukutshala, kudingeka ichaze ngenhloso ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile, bonke abatshali-zimali abafuna imali. Nokho, inzuzo isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Injongo ye-investimenti kuzoncika ubudala, indlela abheka ngayo izinto, nemigomo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo, nakho esebenzayo, ngokucacile umsebenzi okhokhelwayo kanye nezinye izimo.

Ukunqunywa ingozi eyamukelekayo

Ngokushesha ngaphambi ukuqaliswa utshalomali kumele ajube ithimba liyini lizinga ukulahlekelwa Amathuba isihloko zingase zithathe. Kulokhu kuyoba kakhulu incike yobudala. Njengomthetho, intsha bazimisele ukuzifaka ezingozini, ukutshala, ukudlala, ukutshala futhi. Isizukulwane esidala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimisele ukuba isizukulwane engenayo esimeme. Ekhona amaphrojekthi utshalomali zidinga ukuhluzeka ngezinga elithile ezahlukene ingozi. Kusukela kubo ungakhetha ezifanele kunazo.

isitayela sakho

It is akhethiwe ngokuhambisana ratio ingozi. Abatshalizimali kungaba olandelanayo noma nolaka. Endabeni wokuqala mayelana 70-75% wokulondoloza emabhange igcinwe amafa ezingeyona ingozi (izibopho kahulumeni, isibonelo). Ukuze zimali ezinodlame kakhulu libhekene ukunamathela 80-100% emalini.

umnikelo izindleko

Ayanda yokukhokha lwefa ukuthenga, imali engaphansi ungathola kusuka investimenti. Njengomthetho, indlela yokwenziwa eqala izindleko ephansi, futhi ukuhweba - esiphezulu. Esikhathini ukuthengiselana stock market emalini Commission. It ikhiqizwa wabathengi. zimali Novice, ke Cishe bekungeke kube kuhle ukuba baphendukele ejenti eshibhile noma amanani aphansi. Kodwa kulokhu, isevisi kungenzeka kungagcini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze afeze noma yiziphi izenzo angajwayelekile adinga icala olwengeziwe. Uma okunamathiselwe wenziwa e mutual funds, ochwepheshe batusa ngokucophelela sihlole izindawo izinkontileka eziphathelene eziseceleni kanye yokonga, kanye ikhomishini ngoba nokutshala izimali yimpumelelo.

Ukucinga ejenti

Lesi sigaba sibizwa ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu imfundamakhwela zimali. Lapho ekhetha inkampani ukuphathwa noma i-broker kumelwe asinake:

1. Idumela.
2. Imiphumela imisebenzi isikhathi eside ngenxa yeziteleka.
3. imali plan ohambelana abakhethiwe isitayela utshalomali.

Kungcono ubuyekeze izilinganiso ezinkampani Brokerage, ufunde izibuyekezo, uthintane ochwepheshe.

Ukukhetha izinto isichazi

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba kwahlukaniswe kwemali ekhona waba izingxenye ezintathu:

1. Ukuze izibopho.
2. Ukuze nokwabelana.
3. Cash ibhalansi.

Izimali ukuthi iyitshalwa amasheya kanye nezibopho, kufanele akuqede izingcezu ezimbalwa kakhudlwana. Bangakwazi ukutshala izibambiso ezahlukene. Cash kungadingeka ukuthi bakhokhe ukuze broker futhi senze noma yikuphi ukuthenga esikhathini esizako. usayizi amafraktjhini, ahlukaniswa izindlela kuncike isitayela utshalomali. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukuzobhidliza dolobha ukutshala e mutual funds, imali.

nokulawula imizwa

Ngokuvamile ukuthola imali ukhawulelwe yokwesaba noma ukuhaha. Noma yimuphi iphothifoliyo izimali kuncike ekushintshashintsheni yesikhashana. Kwezinye izimo, bangase babe ngempela kangako. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ningatatazeli noma bajabule impumelelo okungazelelwe kakhulu. Uma ukukhathazeka ngawo imali yabo kuzoletha ngokungalungile, kuyafaneleka ukuba bayihlole kabusha uwenze okungaguquguquki ne isitayela kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali zinhloso.

isibukezo utshalomali

Ezigabeni kokuqala izinhlangano utshalomali ukuthola amabhondi, amasheya noma okulula ngamasheya umuntu esebenzisa uhlelo ocacile, usabalalisa izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye inzuzo elindelekile. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungase kube ukuthi izindleko omunye amafa imba eqolo futhi elinye - wawa. Lesi simo kuzoshintsha isilinganiso kwamatayitela, ekuqaleni wabeka kuphothifoliyo. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, yephula izinhlelo zimali sika. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-rebalancing we iphothifoliyo. Le nqubo kuba ukudayiswa ingxenye advancers ukuthenga ziyadlula ukubaluleka amafa.