Ukuqinisekisa izinga izinhlelo. I Ukwakheka kohlelo isitifiketi

Certification systems ikhwalithi, kudingekile ukuze luhambisane nale amazinga ISO 9000 uchungechunge, emazweni amaningi baye basungula ngokwanele kakhulu. ERussia, ngesikhathi futhi sinake futhi waqala ukugxila kwakhe. Ikakhulukazi kuphakama isidingo izimpahla, okuyinto akhiqizwa emazweni angaphandle. Abakhiqizi bayakwazi ukuhlola ukubaluleka ethwala uhlelo isitifiketi.

isithunzi

Kukholakala ukuthi le nhlangano ithwala izinzuzo eziningi. Okokuqala, siwulimi ubufakazi nokwethenjelwa umenzi. amabhange Ngisho kuthiwa isheshe adumisa amafemu. Izinkampani zemishuwalense, esikhundleni salokho, cishe ukuthathelwa umshuwalense ngokumelene umonakalo imikhiqizo ngokungafanele. Ukuqinisekisa izinga izinhlelo kuwubufakazi okuphawulekayo inkontileka. Uma inkampani yakho ngeke uthumele icala ngoba impahla engaphephile, idokhumenti kuyoba ubufakazi ukungabikho nomkhiqizi wecala.

Okwesibili, isimo kubalulekile ukuthi kungenzeka iqhaza amathenda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo luyothinta izindaba yomenzi ngendlela omuhle kakhulu. Ngemva kokusebenza yezenzo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola isitifiketi, ibhizinisi yenkampani, njengoba umthetho, ukubeka ukuze. Ngakho, le nqubo uqobo xaxa futhi kuba lula futhi isikhathi ukudliwa.

Ukuqinisekisa izinga izinhlelo, libonisa ukuthi kungenzeka izinkampani ukukhiqiza izimpahla limenyezelwe isampula. Yingakho-ke athole ikhono akwazi ukuncintisana kunoma iyiphi emakethe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izinkampani Russian abahamba esikhathini esizayo ukuze badayise umkhiqizo wabo. Sinenkosi amathuba amaningi ukuze bona ngamanani ayakufanelekela. Okungenani, okuhlangenwe nakho izinkampani eziningi, ebhekene nenkinga anjalo esikhathini esidlule, manje eliqinisekile isidingo leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani.

Umlando omncane

Ngo-1995, i-State Standardization iKomiti yokutholwa hlelo, owawuthi basungula izinhlelo izinga isitifiketi eRussia, enesihloko esithi "Quality Systems Register". Lithi inqubo wokuzithandela inqubo, ekubeni ngesikhathi esifanayo yesimiso isimo GOST R. Lesi sakamuva - a isitifiketi saziso quality izinhlelo. Isinqumo azokuqhubela inqubo yokuzithandela wayeshukunyiswa yokuthi isimo idokhumenti Russian is kahle neyaziwayo kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, lo uphawu sokuhambisana has a okufana kakhulu isimo.

amazinga State kanye nezitifiketi imigomo

Injongo ukwethulwa walesi sikhungo ukuthola ukuqashelwa nakakhulu imibhalo Russian phesheya. Imisebenzi esemqoka yilezi:

• isitifiketi umkhiqizo;
• ukuqapha;
• nokubambisana phakathi States.

Imisebenzi le umzimba ilawulwa amazinga kahulumeni elandelayo.

1. Imigomo isitifiketi izinga ohlelweni.
2. Quality Systems ukubhalisa.
3. Inqubo izitifiketi izinga ohlelweni.
4. Inqubo izitifiketi imikhiqizo.
5. Bhalisa, ukulawula ukuhlolwa izinhlelo eqinisekisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi imibhalo ezibonisa indlela ihlanganisa international namazinga ISO. It uba lapho imodeli ngokomthetho ukuqinisekisa izinga eyezinto ukuthuthukiswa, ukufakwa, ukugcinwa, ukuqapha nokuhlola.

IKomiti Yombuso Standardization has a Technical Centre of Register. It is ihlelwe ukusebenza kohlelo lwezemfundo imithetho, zisebenzisa umgomo isimo izitifiketi ikhwalithi zokukhiqiza, kanye abantu ukhathazekile bayatshelwa khona isipiliyoni kulo mkhakha.

izimiso

Zonke izindinganiso eziningi izimiso, lapho isakhiwo ihlelwe isitifiketi uhlelo, inqubo yayo, nokulawula asetjenziswako. Lapha benjalo.

1. Voluntariness.
2. Umnqopho.
3. Nokungabandlululani.
4. Luyimfihlo.
5. ezindaweni ezithile.
6. Yokuqwashisa.
7. Ukuze uqinisekise nezimfuneko ezifanele ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo.

Amachibi isitifiketi izinhlelo

Isakhiwo irejista ihlanganisa imizimba elandelayo.

1. State Standard.
2. Technical Centre.
3. Certification Council.
4. sesikhalo yiKhomishana.
5. Scientific Committee methodological.
6. emizimbeni Certification.

State Standardization iKomiti avumela isakhiwo Register, ukuxazulula imibuzo mayelana nentuthuko yayo, uyazicabangela imithetho kanye nezimiso wokusebenza eziyisisekelo, ulawula umsebenzi, kanye nekugubha ikhomishana isikhalazo.

Technical Centre uhlela futhi yengamela inqubo, uthatha iqhaza ukuhlolwa segunya ochwepheshe, igcina Register, nokuxoshwa noma ukumiswa izitifiketi, imibiko kanye nokuxhumama nezinhlangano zasemazweni angaphandle sephrofayela efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehilela ukwengamela kungenziwa eyabelwe yona.

Certification UMkhandlu isigungu esibunjwe, ukuthuthukisa izixazululo afanele Register. It sakhiwa ochwepheshe abavela ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene.

IKhomishane isikhungo lobuchwepheshe. It sakhiwa lochwepheshe futhi lisebenza kuphela uma kunesidingo esinjalo.

IKomiti yezesayensi methodological eba imibhalo ngokubamba iqhaza eMkhandlwini Wedolobha naseMkhandlwini Commission, ukwakheka ibhange idatha futhi lilandisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola ulwazi lobuchwepheshe umthwalo kudingekile nokuningi.

Iziphathimandla lapho ngqo labetibambile izinhlelo isitifiketi lokulawula izinga lomkhiqizo, ngaphezu kwalokhu, inqubo imiphumela, ahlole ibhizinisi, kanye ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana phakathi kweminyango.

izinhlangano Special iqaphe izinga futhi wazise umzimba isitifiketi noma Technical Centre. Uma kudingeka, ulungise imiphumela yokuhlolwa, abike kuziphathimandla ezifanele izinguquko ekukhiqizeni nokunye.

Imicimbi ngaphambi inqubo

izivakashi ezintathu, okuyilezi: 40.003-96, 40.004-96, futhi 40.005-96, wagxila nokuxhumana zemizimba isitifiketi kanye izicelo ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo. Ngokusho kwabo, it is kuhloliwe futhi isinqumo senziwe mayelana nomklamo idokhumenti, ukuqapha kanye nezinhlangano nobumbano kanye Technical Centre. Ziyakwazi ngokuhambisana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe, ngaleyo ndlela izimo mayelana nokwamukelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi-kuya kohlelo lamazwe omhlaba.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Standardization Russian futhi isitifiketi sesistimu kuyiwa, njengoba nje iye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inqubo ukwenziwa idokhumenti. Kodwa ngokuvamile inkampani yokuqala kudlule lolu hlobo. Bese qala ukusebenza phezu izinga, ngoba yokugcina kuba yinkimbinkimbi kuqhathaniswa kulowo odlule.

uhlelo esiteji

Ngakho, isakhiwo Certification System "ukubhalisa" siqukethe izinyathelo ezimbili. amazinga isimo athuthukisiwe kanye nezinqubo yokugunyazwa yabo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta emizimbeni enza isitifiketi. Bona eliqinisekisiwe zamakhono. Iphinde kudala izimo for edonsa abantu abalungile ngaphandle. Inzuzo uzobe izinhlangano eyaziwa phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sibe yonke imishini ezidingekile bodokotela izinga ukuhlolwa izinqubo. Iphinde kwenziwe izitifiketi ukukhiqizwa. Nokho, Ukukhishwa idokhumenti ngowomunye inhlangano, njengoba lokhu kungenzeka badinga ukugunyazwa kwabo kwamaqophelo ezahlukene.

Russian isitifiketi uhlelo unezigaba ezintathu.

1. Ukuxhumana.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina nekuhlola.
3. Isiphathi ukuhlolwa.

uhlelo ukuxhumana

Kulesi sigaba, banikezwe ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kudingeka ukuhlonza ezingaba uchwepheshe we inqubo. Liphinde kubhekwe zibheke ibhizinisi ethize. Umfakisicelo uhambisa isicelo, lapho isananyathiselwe iphepha ngenqubomgomo izinga manual, futhi izimpendulo. Ngezinye imiphumela emihle ngesinqumo esinyathelweni esilandelayo.

ukuhlolwa kokugcina

Kulesi sigaba, isimo lihlolwe:

• imisebenzi ukulawulwa zekhwalithi;
• yokukhiqiza izinhlelo;
• lomkhiqizo.

Imisebenzi zihlolwe ukuze ivumelane nezidingo izingxenye ekhona, okuyinto afakiwe nase-ISO 9000 ejwayelekile, noma ezifanayo uhlelo Russian izitifiketi.

Iziphetho lungeza ezinjalo.

1. ukuhambisana Okugcwele - uma isitifiketi esikhishwe ngokushesha.
2. Ngokuvamile, impendulo inguyebo, kodwa kukhona abanye ngeziphambeko. Kulokhu, isikhathi esimisiwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho imisebenzi kumele abuyiselwe evamile.
3. A lokungafani ephelele. Khona-ke inkampani angaya ngokusebenzisa inqubo futhi, kuphela ngokuphelele nokukulungiselela. Uhlelo kuzophindwa futhi.

isilawuli ukuhlolwa

Kungathatha indawo izindlela esihleliwe unscheduled. Kulo mBhalo, ukulawula inikezwa uma uhlelo isitifiketi zitholwa izikhalazo mayelana izinga noma ukwethula izinguquko eziphawulekayo ukukhiqizwa noma yokukhiqiza inqubo design yayo. It kungabuye kwenziwe umcimbi olushintsha ohlakeni lwale nhlangano futhi ubhoko ibhizinisi.

isitifiketi ngokuhlanganyela

Ngaphezu okungenhla, "Bhalisa" izipesheli kanye nezinye izici. Ngakho, mhlawumbe, hhayi kuphela isitifiketi uhlelo kazwelonke, kodwa futhi ngokubambisana nezinhlangano ezifanayo nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, VNIIS wenza isivumelwano esifanayo nenkampani emhlabeni odumile "Det Norske Veritas". Umgomo kulokhu kwaba isitifiketi yokuzithandela yokuthuthukisa isizinda ukuncintisana izinkampani Russian futhi imikhiqizo yabo.

Ngakho, ithuba ukuthola inkampani ngesicelo wawo ukuba wamukele amaphepha avela izindikimba ezimbili noma yimiphi ngazinye. Lokhu, ngasendleleni, banesithakazelo hhayi abakhiqizi basekhaya kuphela. AmaNtaliyane, kokushiya emakethe Russian, futhi abadinga imibhalo ezifanele.

imithetho Certification System uvumele abakhiqizi isiRashiya ngqo ukusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza kunoma iyiphi inkampani ekufezeni imisebenzi efanele emhlabeni.

Inqubo Joint kuhloswe hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi ukulethwa idokhumenti isampuli oyifunayo. Kuyinto ukugcwaliseka umsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana amabhizinisi yasekhaya izinga ngekwemazinga emhlaba.

Certification zokukhiqiza

Le nqubo izimele noma ingxenye idokhumenti wathola ohlelweni izinga. Ukuhlolwa umbandela lapha yikhono umkhiqizo bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile eziqukethwe imibhalo. I Ukwakheka kohlelo isitifiketi siqukethe imithetho asethwe nguHulumeni Standard. Bahlanganisa indlela yokuqhuba nenqubo yokuqhutshwa isikhungo ngasinye. Inhloso lapha ukuthola ukuhambisana izilinganiso okuphusile umphumela kanye nokudlala.

Lapho evuthelwa izenzo:

• imikhiqizo siphelile;
• uhlelo kwezobuchwepheshe;
• nesondlo;
• uhlelo lokuhlolwa lobuchwepheshe nokuhlolwa.

Ukulungiselela lenkampani njalo inomthelela umsebenzi wayo omuhle. Ngakho, empeleni kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngcono ukuxhumana namakhasimende, kukhuphuke kwezigwegwe emsebenzini, ithuthukiswe criteria ehlukahlukene ukuzinza, ukukhomba izici eyinhloko ezinomthelela izici umkhiqizo nokunye.

Ukuze uhlobo kucatshangwa isikimu ayo ngalinye. Ngakho, uma lwenteke saziso isitifiketi izinhlelo, akhethiwe wesifunda 5. Bese, iinhlahlubo zioyenziwa laboratories ekhethekile. Isikimu liyasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe ebucayi amathonya zangaphandle, kanye ezimweni lapho ukuphila eshalofini lincane kakhulu, futhi inkampani lishintsha imikhiqizo yayo.