Ukulungiselela izinyosi: izinhlobo, izinkomba zokusetshenziswa, ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi bezinyosi

Umphakathi wezinyosi uhloselwe izifo ukuthi, uma kungenjalo, kungabangela ukufa kwabantu ngabanye kuphela, kodwa nakuzo zonke izinkukhu. Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile bahlushwa nezifo ngosizo lwemithi. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemithi, kudingeka ukhethe izidakamizwa ezifanele zokwelapha izinyosi.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zomphakathi wezinyosi

Kunezifo eziningi, lapho abamele umndeni wezinyosi behlupheka khona. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukukhomba izifo ezivame kakhulu.

1. Acarapidosis . I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-mites acarapis woody. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho abameli be-bee umphakathi beguqula. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu zisuka kwenye izinyosi ziye kwenye. Ingozi yukuthi umndeni osulelekile uyakwazi ukusinda kuze kuphele ama-winters amahlanu, ukudlulisela ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sehlobo kuze kufike emakoloni asebee asele. Ngakho-ke, i-acarapidosis iholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lezinyosi.
2. Ascosferosis . I-agent ye causative ibumba isikhunta. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isifo esingelashwa siholela eqinisweni lokuthi imindeni ethintekile isikhathi eside ayiphumelelanga. Ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kuboniswa ukutholakala kwezibungu ezitholakala emzimbeni wezinyosi.
3. Aspergillosis . Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-fungus. I-agent causative yalesi sifo ayikwazi ukulimaza kuphela abantu bonke bomphakathi wezinyosi, kodwa nezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabantu.
4. I-Varroatosis . Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu. I-agent ye causative yi-varroa mite. Inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi lapho izigaba zokuqala i-varroatosis iqhubeka cishe ngokungenakulinganiswa.
5. Isifo esiphezulu. Igama lesi sifo kungenxa yokuthi izinyosi ezivumelanisa lesi sifo ziyafa futhi ziphenduke zibe mass massage. Ezimweni zokuqala, lesi sifo singase singabonakali ngisho nakumuntu owaziwa ngezinyosi, kusukela ekuqaleni ingxenye encane yezibungu ifa futhi ukutheleleka kwabantu abadala sekuvele kwenzeka.
6. I-neosematosis . Ehlobo, lesi sifo sinamandla. Imiphumela yalesi sifo ibonakala kuphela lapho kubanda, ekwindla nasebusika, lapho abantu abanegciwane bebuthakathaka futhi befa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-acarapidosis yezinyosi

Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yokwelashwa kwe-acarapidosis ezinyosi yi "Folbeks" ne "Polisan". Bobabili izidakamizwa zitholakala ngesimo sezingqimba, okumele umnikazi wezinyosi abeke ngaphakathi kwesihlamba sezinyosi. Ngaphambi kokubeka lezi zingxenyana ngqo ngaphakathi kwidleke, kufanele zishiswe. Futhi isebenza ngempumelelo ngokuthi "TEDIO" ngendlela yamathebulethi. Ngaphambi kokushisa imichilo, kudingekile ukunciphisa isidleke, vala zonke izitshalo ezikhona futhi uphezulu isidleke sezinyosi nge-oclocloth. Emva kokufaka imithi ngaphakathi, kubalulekile ukuvala zonke izimbobo. Phinda ukwelashwa kuyadingeka kusuka izikhathi ezingu-6 kuya kwezi-10 ngokujwayelekile kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izidakamizwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwesikhukhula sezinyosi akufanele zishise, kodwa zifake. Ukwenza inqubo yezokwelapha kuyadingeka kusihlwa, emva kwehlobo lezinyosi.

Amalungiselelo alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezinyosi ezivela ku-acarapidosis: Fourier fluid, Tedion, Folbeks, Bipin. Ukuze ususe lesi sifo, ungasebenzisa i-oxalic acid, i-nitrobenzene, i-monochlorobenzene.

Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kwe-ascosferosis

Ukwelashwa kwe-ascospenosis kungenziwa ngokusiza kwamakhambi abantu kanye nemithi ekhethekile. Ukulungiselela kahle izinyosi ekulwa ne-ascospenosis yi-Unisan. Isidakamizwa sidliwa ngokwezomnotho: 1 ml kufanele ihlanjululwe engxenyeni ilitha yamanzi afudumele. Isisombululo esiphelele sanele ukucubungula wonke amaseli. Ukupaka izidleke kuyadingeka kanye nezinyosi ngaphakathi. Ukucubungula ifreyimu eyodwa, akudingeki ukuthi kube khona amalitha angu-12 wamanzi. Phinda inqubo yokupuniza iyadingeka njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuze zonke izibonakaliso zesifo ziphele ngokuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-aspergillosis

Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yizilwane zezilwane, kudingekile ukuthi kusungulwe umbuso wokuhlukanisa indawo kuyo yonke indawo yezinyosi. Emva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthola imiyalelo eningiliziwe yokwelashwa kwezinyosi uma kwenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo singaqalwanga futhi izinqubo zokwelapha zifanelekile.

Ukuphatha i-aspergillosis, ukulungiselela izinyosi ezivunyelwe emnyangweni wezilwane, okungukuthi "i-Ascosan", i- "Unisan", i- "Ascomizol", izosebenza. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kufanelekile kuphela uma inani lezinyosi ezithintekile lincane. Uma izinyosi eziningi zezinyosi zitheleleke, indlela ephela yokuphuma kwabezinyosi bezinyosi kuyoba ukubhubhisa ama-brood nabantu abadala abasebenzisa i-sulfur dioxide. Amaseli kumele atshiswe, futhi ezindlini zezinyosi ukuze ahlaziye ngokuphelele.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi abantu abathintekayo babambalwa, kubalulekile ukuthi benze inqubo yokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkambo yokwelapha kuyadingeka ukuqinisa izinkathazo zezinyosi ezibuthakathaka, futhi amakhosikazi abathintekayo yi-aspergillosis kufanele athathe indawo enempilo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudlulisa izinyosi ukuhlanza imifuba nokuhlinzeka ngamakholoni wezinyosi ngokuphakelayo okwanele.

Kusho ukwelashwa kwe-varroatosis

Kunezindlela eziningana zokulwa ne-varroatosis, phakathi kwazo-ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwezindlela zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemithi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-acids kanye namafutha abalulekile kanye nezindlela eziphilayo.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuzokwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo eziningana zomzabalazo.

Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha izinyosi ezivela ku-varroatosis, njenge "Phenothiazine", "i-Oxalic acid", "i-Apiguard", "i-Apistan". Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ngokucophelela imiyalelo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwesidakamizwa kungabangela ukulutha emthini we-pathogen, umkhaza, futhi ukwelashwa ngeke kusebenze.

Isebenza kahle futhi iphephile ukusebenzisa i- "Akarasan". Kuyinto yokulungiselela ukwelashwa kwezinyosi ezithinteka yilesi sifo. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe kanye ngesonto. Uma le brood ngaphandle brood, khona-ke izinyosi kufanele kusetshenzwe nsuku zonke.

Ukulungiselela izinyosi "Amitris" no "Fluvalinate" nazo ziyasebenza ukulwa nesifo somndeni wezinyosi. Lezi zilungiselelo zisetshenziselwa izinyosi entwasahlobo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe "Bipin-T". Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela ukuziphatha okunonya kwezinyosi ngokuphathelene nesibindi. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhona ekubunjweni kwesakhi sezidakamizwa, esinesinambitheka esithile.

Isidakamizwa singasetshenziselwa kuphela ukwelapha ama-bee colonies awanamandla kakhulu. Emiphakathini ebuthakathaka, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuyaphikisana. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna uju. Inqubo ephindaphindiwe kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi ebusika. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo, ngoba iqukethe izingxenye ezinobuthi nezingozi. Yenza inqubo yokwelapha izikhathi ezimbili ngekhefu elilodwa.

Kusho ukulawula isifo sokubola

Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ochwepheshe endaweni yezinyosi bangena ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa. Uma imindeni eminingana ethintekile, ukwelashwa akukwaziswa, kanti indlela kuphela yokuphuma ukubhujiswa okuphelele komndeni. Uma imindeni ethintekile ingasindiswa futhi ibuyiselwe ekusebenzeni kwayo, ifaka izinyosi zibe mifuba ehlanzekile. Udinga ukwenza ukukhwabanisa kusihlwa. Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukuphakela njalo izinyosi ngesiraphu yokwelapha. Kungathululelwa ku-honeycomb noma kufefaze kanye nezinyosi (uma kwenzeka izinyosi zenqaba ukuthatha isiraphu). Inkambo yokwelashwa yenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 kuze kube yilapho kutholakala khona ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme ukuphinde kwenzeke kwesifo, kutuswa ukuba ukondle isiraphu yezinyosi eziphilile.

Ukukhiqizwa kwesiraphu yokwelapha

Ukulungisa imithi udinga isiraphu noshukela. Njengengxenye, ukulungiselela izinyosi "Neomycin", "Erythromycin", "Tetracycline", "Oxytetracycline" kufanelekile. Ukubala umthamo odingekayo, kufanele uqale uqonde ukuthi isilaphu ishukela iyadingeka kangakanani, ngokususelwa kwinani lemindeni ethintekile. Enye ye-100-150 g ye-fluid yezokwelapha yanele umgwaqo owodwa. Kule ilitha ngalinye lesiraphu udinga ukwengeza omunye wemithi engenhla.

Izindlela zokulwa neomatosis

Isiteji esikhulu sokwelapha ukuhlanzwa kwemifantu. Ukuthuthwa kwendle kuyenziwa ngesisombululo se-2% se-soda noma i-ash ash. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo igcwaliswe, imifantu kumele ilashwe ngesisombululo sensipho noma ngokushisa. Izinyosi ezinempilo ekupheleni kwendiza yomswakama zifakwe ezindlini ezincane ezingenakulinganiswa, kanti abantu abagulayo bayedwa futhi baphathwa ngezindlela zokulwa nezifo.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwabantu abanegciwane, izidakamizwa ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa: "I-Nosemacid" ngesimo se-powder, "i-Enteroseptol" ngendlela yamathebulethi, i- "Fumagilin" kuma-capsules. Iningi livame ukusebenzisa i- "Nosematsid."

Ukuvimbela izifo ezinyosi

Ukuze ugweme ukutholakala kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ezinyosi, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise njalo izinyathelo zokuvimbela:

• Izindlu zezinyosi kumele zigcinwe zihlanzekile;
• Indawo yemifantu kufanele ibe ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele;
• Ukuqhuba njalo ukusebenza komhlaba ngaphansi kwezindlu;
• Nikeza imindeni yezinyosi ngokudla okuphezulu futhi eningi ngokwanele;
• Ukukhipha ukukhishwa kwemisipha emibikweni yesimo sezulu esibi;
• Gwema ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwemindeni usebenzisa ama-antibiotics ukuze ugweme ukukhubazeka kwezifo zezinyosi.

Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwesidakamizwa "Isigaba" sezinyosi ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwe-varroatosis. Izidakamizwa eziningi zokwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo zezinyosi zikhiqizwa ngu-ZAO Agrobioprom. Amalungiselelo wezinyosi zalomkhiqizi asatshalaliswa nje kuphela ensimini yeRussia, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Njengezinye izindlela zokuvimbela, amalungiselelo aseShayina wezinyosi angasetshenziswa. Njengomuthi wokuvimbela osebenzayo wokuvimbela "Lozewal" wezinyosi, ezisetshenziselwa entwasahlobo emva kokushayela kokuqala. Akukho ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwalolu remedy. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abanolwazi batusa ukuwasebenzisa ekushiseni okungesihle kune-+18.

Lozewal ngezinyosi

Isidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa isixazululo, esakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili: imithi namanzi. Ukuze uphathe umndeni owodwa wezinyosi, udinga ukusebenzisa u-5 ml we "Lozewal" ngamagremu angu-300. Amanzi. Isixazululo esilandelayo kufanele siphathwe ngunyosi noma sabekwe uketshezi lwezokwelapha ngokuqondile esondweni ngesilinganiso sama-50 ml ngomndeni owodwa wezinyosi.

Inqubo kufanele yenziwe kathathu njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Inkambo yokwelapha kufanele yenziwe kulo lonke isonto. Bese wenze ikhefu elide ngesonto.

Ukubuyekezwa mayelana nomuthi kunempilo. Ochwepheshe bathi uma esebenzisa umkhiqizo, amandla omuntu akhula. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe "Lozewal" yokwelashwa kwezinyosi ezithathelwanayo. Ngesizo salo, ungakwazi ukusheshisa inqubo yokuthola abantu ngabanye futhi ugweme ukutheleleka kwezinye izinyosi.

I "Kas-81"

Isidakamizwa "Kas-81" sezinyosi sibhekwa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nezifo. Inzuzo enkulu yomkhiqizo ukubunjwa kwendalo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yizivunguvungu ezimbi futhi zihlumela i-pine. Kubalulekile ukubhekana kahle nokulungiswa kwezinsimbi zokulungiselela, ngoba ukuqoqwa kwezakhi kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Umhlonyane kufanele uvune ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo nangesikhathi sokuvuna. I-pine buds ivunwa ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuboniswa i-varroatosis ne-nosematosis ekwelapheni abantu abanobucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidakamizwa sikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwentwasahlobo yasezinyosi, okwandisa umkhiqizo wezinyosi zezinyosi.

Isiphetho

Izinyosi ezisendleleni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziye zathola ikhono lokuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo eziningi. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ukutholakala kwezifo kubonakala njalo. Kubalulekile ukukhomba i-agent causative yalesi sifo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusungula ukuxilongwa nokuthola izincomo zokwelashwa komndeni wezinyosi.

Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala ngokushesha kwesifo, indlela kuphela yokuphuma ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwama-bee colonies. Ukuze kuvimbele lokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha kusuka kulo lonke uhla lwamalungiselelo okwelapha ngqo ikhambi elingeke lisize kuphela ukuphulukisa abantu ababuthakathaka, kodwa nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha.