Ukuhamba kukaTimur: umlando wemvelaphi, imibono kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngokuvamile, amaTimuria cishe ayengabafundi besikole sase-USSR. Isifiso sokusiza abampofu kwakuyisenzo esivamile kakhulu kulokhu noma kulo mcimbi. Mhlawumbe kuwukuziphatha okuhle, mhlawumbe lokhu kukhuliswa. Kodwa ngenxa yalesi simo sengqondo emhlabeni, lezi zingane, ama-timurovtsy, ekugcineni zaba ngabantu bangempela nabasabelayo. Banamasiko enhlangano yeTimur kuze kube phakade. Futhi lokhu cishe into ebaluleke kakhulu ...

Incwadi engeke ibe khona

Ukunyakaza kweTimur kwavela ngo-1940. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma u-A. Gaidar kuphela enyathelisa incwadi yakhe yakamuva ngenhlangano yezingane ezithile ezisiza abantu. Umsebenzi wabizwa ngokuthi "Timur neqembu lakhe".

Ngemva kwesonto, enye yezingxenye yayivele ishicilelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusakaza kwomsakazo ohambelana kwaqala. Ukuphumelela kwencwadi kwakunzima kakhulu.

Ngemva konyaka, umsebenzi waba umagazini omkhulu kunalokho. Naphezu kwalokhu, kwakudingeka ngiphinde ngiyiprinte izikhathi eziningana.

Nakuba le ncwadi ayingeke ibe emashalofini nhlobo. Into ewukuthi umqondo kaGaidar wokuhlanganisa izingane ezikhathalela abadala zibukeka zisola kakhulu. Ake sikhumbule, kwakukhona iminyaka yokugcina engama-30.

Ngenhlanhla, umthwalo wokushicilela lo msebenzi uthathwe uNobhala weKomidi Elikhulu leKomsomol N. Mikhailov. Lapho le ncwadi ishicilelwe, ibhayisikobho yegama elifanayo livele. Ukudumile okumangalisayo kwe-tape kuchazwe ngokucacile kwesithombe se-protagonist. I-Timur yaba yisibonelo futhi esihle kakhulu esizukulwaneni esincane saleso sikhathi.

Trilogy mayelana Timur

Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwencwadi, uGaidar wayenesithakazelo ezinkingeni zemfundo yezempi yabantwana besikole. Kunoma yikuphi, ukulandelana kwezintshisekelo ezinjalo kuboniswe edayari yakhe nayo yonke imisebenzi ngeTimur. Savele sisho ngencwadi yokuqala . Kodwa emva kwalokho umlobi wabhala umsebenzi wesibili. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi uMphathi Weqhwa leqhwa. Abalingiswa base bevele behlanganyela kulohlobo oluthile lomdlalo wezempi. Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kwempi, uGaidar wakwazi ukubhala isikrini se "Oath of Timur". Kusukela emakhasini akhuluma ngawo ngesidingo senhlangano yezingane ezimweni zasempi. Amalungu alo mphakathi ayobe esebenza ngesikhathi sokunyamalala nokubhubhisa. Bazovikela insimu kusuka kuma-saboteurs kanye nezinhloli, kuzosiza imindeni yama-Red Army amasosha nabasimili emsebenzini wabo wezolimo. Empeleni, kwenzeka. Omunye umbuzo wukuthi umbhali wayefuna ngempela ukudala uhlobo oluthile lokungenela inhlangano yephayona nemisebenzi yakhe ngeTimur ... Ngeshwa, ngeke sazi ngokuqinisekile.

Umqondo weGaidar

Bathi uGaidar ezincwadini eziphathelene neTimur, uchaze okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinhlangano zeScout ekhulwini le-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sakhe wayephethe ithimba lesigcawu. Futhi ngasese, njengobuntu bakhe, uTimur, wenza izenzo ezinhle, ngaphandle kokucela umvuzo. Ngokuvamile, intsha esisiza abantu abadingayo manje ibizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi zokuzithandela.

Ngendlela, mayelana nenhlangano enjalo yezingane yabhala ngesikhathi esifanele ubuntu obunjalo njengo-Anton Makarenko noConstantin Paustovsky. Kodwa uGaidar eyodwa kuphela, ngokuzithandela noma ngokungathandeki, ikwazi ukuhumusha lo mbono ube yiqiniso.

Qala

Yini eyayiqala ukunyakaza kweTimur? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ibonakala icacile. Kwakungemva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi mayelana neTimur ukuthi inhlangano engakahleleki yaseTimur yaqala. Izinsimbi ezihambelanayo nazo zavela.

I-Timurians ngokwabo yaba, empeleni, ingxenye yendlela yokucabanga yeSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bakwazi ukugcina umoya othile wokuzithandela.

AbakwaTimurovtsy babeyizibonelo ezintsha. Benza imisebenzi emihle engathandeki, basize asebekhulile, basiza amapulazi aqoqeshwe, amantombazane enkulisa kanye nokuningi, okuningi kakhulu. Ngelinye igama, ukunyakaza kwenqwaba yezingane zesikole kubonakale.

Ubani owayengumsunguli wenhlangano yeTimur? Iqoqo lokuqala lokuqala lavela ngo-1940 eKlin, ukuthi esifundeni saseMoscow. Ngendlela, bekukhona lapho iGaidar ebhala "netlenka" yakhe ngeTimur neqembu lakhe. Kulo mbutho kwakukhona intsha eyisithupha kuphela. Bafunda kwelinye lezikole zaseKlin. Ngemva kwabo, kwavela izinqola ezinjalo kulo lonke iSoviet Union. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi kwelinye lamadolobhana amancane kwakukhona amaqembu amabili anama-2-3. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakukhona imingcele ethile. Isibonelo, intsha ikhethile ngokuphindaphindiwe izinkuni zomuntu osekhulile futhi kathathu yashaya igceke ...

I-Epoch yeMpi Enkulu

Phakathi nempi, ukunyakaza kweTimur e-USSR kwakhula ekuthuthukisweni kwe-arithmetic. Ngo-1945, kwase kuvele amaTimuya angaba yizigidi ezintathu eSoviet Union. Lezi zintsha empeleni zenzeke ukuthi zingenakulungiswa.

Izinqola ezinjalo zisebenza ezindlini zezintandane, izikole, izindlu zamaphayona eziphayona kanye nezikhungo ezingaphandle kwesikole. Laba besilisa bebanakekela imindeni yamaphoyisa kanye namasosha, futhi baqhubeka besiza ekuvuneni izitshalo.

Lezi zinqola nazo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ezibhedlela. Ngakho, isifunda saseThirovtsy Gorky sikwazi ukuhlela ukulimala cishe ama-10 000 ama-art amateur. Babesebenza njalo ezibhedlela, egameni lamasosha babhala izincwadi, benza imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho ehlukahlukene.

Esinye isibonelo somnyaka we-Timur senzeke ehlobo ka-1943. Umkhumbi othi "Pushkin" uvele emgwaqweni "Kazan - Stalingrad". Emkhunjini njengesipho - izipho, eziqoqwe yi-Timurovs ye-republic.

Futhi eLeningrad eyayivimbekile ukunyakaza kwamaTurur kuzuza okubalulekile okubalulekile. Ezingu-753 izinqola zaseTimurov zenhloko-dolobha esenyakatho, izinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili zentsha zenze. Basiza imindeni yezilwane zempi, abantu abakhubazekile kanye nabahola impesheni. Kwadingeka ukuba bagcine amafutha, izindlu ezihlanzekile futhi bathole ukudla kumakhadi abo.

Ngendlela, ekuqaleni kuka-1942 kuyo yonke indawo ye-USSR imihlangano yokuqala yeTimurite yabanjwa. Kulezi zenzakalo, bakhuluma ngemiphumela yemisebenzi yabo ephumelelayo.

Futhi, ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona izingoma zokuqala mayelana nokunyakaza kweTimur, phakathi kwabo "Abantwana abane abanobuhle", "Isibhakabhaka sethu siphezulu kangakanani ngaphezu kwethu" futhi, nakanjani, "Ingoma yamaTimurovites" nguBlanter. Kamuva, izingoma ezinjalo zomculo ezidumile njenge "Gaidar iya phambili", "Ingoma Yezimpande Ezibomvu", "Ama-Eagles afunda ukuhamba", "Timurovtsy", njll, alotshiwe.

I-Detral Detachment

Ukubuyela esikhathini sempi, elinye lamathimba adumile aseTimur laliyisidumbu esivela edolobhaneni labavukuzi lasePlast esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. Kwabandakanya intsha engamakhulu amabili. Futhi u-Alexandra Rychkova oneminyaka engu-73 ubudala uholele.

Le nqola yadalwa ngo-Agasti 1941. Ngomhlangano wokuqala, uRichkova uthe kumele kusebenze kanzima ukugqoka. Kulesi simo ngeke kube khona izaphulelo eminyakeni yobudala. Wamemezela ukuthi uma othile eguqula ingqondo, angakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha. Kodwa akekho oshiywe. Amantombazane ahlukaniswe abe yizinqola futhi abaqashiwe bamiswa.

Nsuku zonke uRichkov wanikeza uhlelo lomsebenzi. Basiza abampofu, batshela abantu bendawo ngemibandela engaphansi, babamba amakhonsathi alabo abalimele esibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqoqa izitshalo zokwelapha, izinsimbi zokhuni, izinkuni ezivuthiwe, basebenza emasimini, bahlonipha imindeni yamasosha angaphambili. Baphinde babhekene nendaba ejulile: I-Timurovs inyuke emanzini amaminerali namadwala akhethiwe.

Qaphela, naphezu komsebenzi, intsha isaqhubeka nezifundo zesikole.

Ngenxa yalokho, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha iqembu lasePlast lakwazi ukuwina idumela elingenakufinyeleleka. Ngisho nezikhulu zanikezela ikamelo labasebenzi babo abafana. Mayelana ne-Timurovtsy kusuka kuleli dolobha lezimayini ngokuphindaphindiwe wabhala ezincwadini. Ngendlela, le nqola ichazwe ku-encyclopedia ye-Great Patriotic War.

Inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwamaphayona namaTimuya

Ngo-1942 othisha babenenkinga ethile. Iqiniso liwukuthi amasosha aseTimurov, eqinisweni, aqala ukuxosha ama-squads amaphayona. Ake sikhumbule, incwadi mayelana neTimur yatshele mayelana "nokuzibophezela" ndawonye. Kuwo, yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yabaselula yazithatha futhi yaxazulula zonke izinkinga, ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yalokho, abaholi beKomsomol bathatha isinqumo esithinta ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphayona namaTimurovites. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, amalungu e-Komsomol akwazi ukuwathatha ngaphansi kokulawula kwawo.

Ngokuvamile, kuleso simo kwakukhona izinzuzo zombili ezibonakalayo nezinkinga ezinkulu. Imisebenzi yamaTimur yaqala ukubhekwa njengendlela eyengeziwe yokwenza amaphayona.

Inkathi yokulandela impi

Ngokushesha ngemva kokunqoba abahlaseli be-fascist uTimurovs waqhubeka nokusiza amasosha ahamba phambili, abantu abakhubazekile, asebekhulile. Bazama nokulondoloza amathuna amasosha e-Red Army.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunyakaza kwaqala ukuphela. Mhlawumbe isizathu sokuthi amaTimuya ayengenaso isifiso esikhethekile sokuthi "bajoyine" izinhlangano zephayona. Balahlekelwa inkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela.

Ukuvuselelwa kokunyakaza kwaqala kuphela ngaphansi kwe-"thaw" kaKhrushchev ...

60-80's

Umlando wenhlangano yeTimur eRussia yaqhubeka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, intsha iqhubeka nokuhlanganyela emisebenzini ewusizo emphakathini. Okuhle kakhulu kunikezwe. Isibonelo, umfana wesikole oneminyaka engu-11 ubudala uN. Nakhangova waseTajikistan waphumelela ukudlula umkhuba omuntu omdala izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ukuqoqa ukotini. Wanikezwa i-Order kaLenin.

U-Timurovtsy waqala ukwenza umsebenzi wokusesha. Ngakho, baqala ukufunda impilo ka A. Gaidar futhi, ngenxa yalokho, basize ukuvula iminyuziyamu yomlobi emadolobheni amaningana. Futhi i-museum-museum yomlobi e-Kanev yahlelwa.

Futhi eminyakeni yama-70 nebhodi lokuhlela lomagazini odumile waseSoviet othi "Pioneer" lakhiwa inhloko-dolobha okuthiwa i-All-Union yaseTimur. Ngesikhathi esivamile, kwakukhona nokuqoqwa kwamaTimurovites. Yakha futhi iqonde izinkondlo mayelana nokunyakaza kukaTimurov. Ngo-1973, umhlangano wokuqala we-All-Union wabanjwa ekamu "Artek". Lo mcimbi wawuhambele izinkulungwane ezintathu nengxenye. Bese baphumelela ekwamukelweni uhlelo lokunyakaza kweTimur olwenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwalo okusebenzayo.

Qaphela ukuthi amaqembu anjalo asungulwa eBulgaria, ePoland, eHungary, eCzechoslovakia naseGDR.

Ukuwa nokuvuselelwa kokunyakaza

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, umsebenzi weKomsomol noPhayona wamemezelwa ukhathele. Lezi zinhlangano zaphela ngokusemthethweni ukuba zikhona. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho esinjalo silinde ukunyakaza kweTimur.

Kodwa cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-Federation of Children's Organizations yasungulwa, ihlangene nanoma yiliphi iqembu lezombangazwe. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umongameli waseRussia wamemezela ukudala ukuhamba kwabafundi baseRussia. Ake sibone, lo mbono uphaswe futhi othisha.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, inhlangano entsha yaseTimur (yokuzithandela) yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni, okuhloswe ukusiza amaqembu angabantu abangenakuvikeleka emphakathini.

Isikhathi esisha

Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sethu amasiko wenhlangano yeTimur aye agcinwa. Izinqola ezinjalo zikhona ezindaweni eziningana. Isibonelo, eShuwa, esifundazweni sase-Ivanovo, inhlangano yentsha yeTimurovs. Njengangaphambili, akusizi nje kuphela abampofu, kodwa futhi zama ukusiza umphakathi.

Ngiyajabula ukuthi le ntshukumo isakaze yonke indawo ...