Udizili kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza": izizathu. Ukugcinwa kanye ukukhanda izimoto udizili

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke umnikazi imoto ubhekene inkinga basebenzile ukuqala injini. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka kokubili kaphethiloli kanye udizili. Lesi sakamuva ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile abafuni avale ebusika. Futhi zonke ngenxa izakhiwo diesel. Phela, ngokungafani uphethiloli, azikho plugs inhlansi, okwakuyoholela umlilo ingxube. Okokhelekayo ephakamayo osikweni kokucindezelwa. Plus udizili sikhula ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Kodwa ake hhayi ukuqhubeka. Ngakho, ake sibheke ukuthi kungani ekuseni kunzima ukuqala udizili. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi amakhambi, bheka i-athikili yethu namuhla.

Starter nebhethri

Iningi izinkinga kwethulwa kwenzeka ngenxa ukugqoka salezi zici ezimbili. Phela, ukuqala injini incike kubo "amakhaza" futhi "ezishisayo ku". Uma udizili yakho injini kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza", izizathu angase ibhethri lingashajwa. Lesi sakamuva, kanye diesel, naye uyesaba okushisa aphansi. Wavuka ebusuku, ungalahlekelwa kuze kube amaphesenti umthamo wayo 20. Lona exponent ezibucayi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho entsha Renault idasta uzoqala engenakwenzeka. Liyini ikhambi? Okuphuma kuphela eyodwa - icala 'watshala' ibhethri. Ungenza lokhu ngezindlela eziningana. Inketho esheshayo - a "Ukulekelela". Ngosizo "izingwenya" wena uxhumeke kwi-terminals ibhethri imoto serviceable bese uqale injini kusuka ekuqaleni. Nokho, indlela kuyingozi ngempela, ikakhulukazi ibhethri uqobo.

Eyesibili, indlela ephephile xaxa - ukusebenzisa booster okuthiwa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje bakhe zithandwa kakhulu phakathi abashayeli. I booster kuba battery elincane (efana ne izilinganiso Amandla Bank omakhalekhukhwini) ukuthi ngemizuzwana 30 kungase kusinikeze isilinganiso esithile okusezingeni eliphezulu inrush samanje "Boost" Imodi (kungakho igama). Lokhu ibhethri - 12 V futhi kufanelekile izimoto kakhulu futhi ezimotweni nge umthamo injini afinyelela ku-4 amalitha. Nokho, umkhuba libonisa ukuthi eliphezulu "booster" uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ngisho injini iloli. I ethile kuphela ibhethri ezinjalo - yinani. Kuyinto ifaniswe izindleko ezintathu ezinhle nomthofu-acid amabhethri.

Indlela yesithathu - ugcwalisa kwi ishaja umile. Kuyinto indlela nephephile, kodwa kancane. Phela, ukubuyisela elahlekile 20 amaphesenti kwenkokhiso, iyunithi kuzothatha imizuzu okungenani 30 isikhathi.

Ngokuqondene temusho, nabo bayahluleka. Kungase angahambisani idivayisi esibulalayo noma ezigugile drive igiya ukuthi meshes nge isondo umqhele. Kunoma ikuphi, uyokwazi ukuthola inkinga "by indlebe". I ukuziqalela ihlaba umkhosi neminye imisindo ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

kokucindezelwa okuphansi udizili

Lokhu kuyinkinga izimoto abaneminyaka engama-20. Kokucindezela ku injini diesel sihluke kakhulu uphethiloli, okungenani izikhathi 2. Kusukela fuel ephakamayo osikweni kokucindezelwa, ke sibalo kufanele okungenani 20 eziphindwe. Gasoline izinjini futhi umkhankaso ngempumelelo futhi ngezinye 8 eziphindwe. Lokhu kufanele kunakwe. Yini kungaba imbangela kokucindezelwa ongaphakeme? Lena ngokuyinhloko piston ukuguga, ikhala. Lesi sakamuva singabangela amanga ukuthi amafomu lesiyingi ogangeni isilinda. Le nkinga kuhambisana uwoyela esikhulu zhorom. By the way, kokucindezelwa ingakulahlekela e ezimbalwa, futhi kwelinye isilinda. Kulo mBhalo inkinga ihambisana ukwethulwa vibration ngesikhathi engenzi lutho hambisa. Ukuxilonga injini, kokucindezelwa liyadingeka olungalé beluyokuba iqhwa. Futhi kusukela lezi Imiphumela sicina - injini ukukhanda noma ukushintsha entsha. Izandla akukho asikwazi ukwenziwa - kuwumsebenzi minders. Labo abahamba ukuthenga udizili iseluleko ubudala - hlola kokucindezelwa ku isilinda ngamunye. Lesi sinyathelo encane uzokusindisa kusukela izinkinga ezingalindelekile futhi nemali.

fuel eqandisiwe

Lesi ngesinye futhi isizathu ezijwayelekile ezenza injini diesel kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza". Izizathu e crystallization ketshezi. Nge ngamunye nokuncipha lokushisa upharafini kwenze kwakheka nophethiloli. Okokhelekayo iba esinamafu futhi obukhulu, njengokukhanya Pudding. Kodwa kanjani imishini isebenze ezindaweni ezisenyakatho? Ukuze unezinkinga ukwethulwa, emakhazeni udizili ebusika fuel okudingekayo. Indlela ihluke evamile? Ngokungafani ehlobo, uwoyela diesel ebusika iqukethe izithasiselo okuyinto ukuvimbela ukwakheka paraffins liquid crystallization. Phela, uwoyela obukhulu akakwazi ukungena ezimbotsheni ukuhlunga kanye iphayiphi, ingasaphathwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

Ngingalutholaphi ukuthenga ebusika diesel? Lokhu fuel okuthengiswa nhlobo iziteshi likaphethiloli nenkathi ebandayo. Ukugcwalisa kusengaphambili ekulungiseleleni for the nobusika, ekukhipheni uphethiloli okufakiwe "antigel". Ukulimala injini akusebenzi - ke kufakazelwa abashayeli abaningi. Nokho, ezinye iziteshi ngophethiloli bangathengisa fuel izinsalela ehlobo ebusika. Ukuze ugweme ukuba isisulu izimo, abashayeli abanolwazi Kunconywa baphathe ANTIGEL ibhodlela bese uyifaka ethangini ngokwakho. Ikakhulukazi uma kulindeleke Ukupholisa eqinile. Olinganise kuboniswe imiyalelo. Liyini iphuzu okokuqandisa ehlobo diesel? Okokhelekayo parafiniziruetsya kakade -5 degrees Celsius. Ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubuza nganoma futha, e-Arctic yiyona uphethiloli noma cha.

ANTIGEL okunye

Uma kukhona amathuluzi akhethekile isandla ukuvimbela crystallization fuel kuzovumela uketshezi ukubopha. Ezinye izingcweti zisebenzisa utshwala, ukulifaka ethangini. Nokho, uketshezi ukubopha ngaphezulu ngokushelela esiqala ISIZINDA fuel uhlelo. Kodwa ukuqhubeka ukuncoma ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo eziklanyelwe ukwenza kanjalo. Omunye ilitha izimali ayelingana cishe ruble 500. ivolumu Ubude kwanele 1000 amalitha nophethiloli. I dopant uyakwazi ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa crystallization ukuba -40 degrees.

Amanzi ohlelweni

Kwenzeka kuphi? Lokhu kungaba ithangi condensate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkinga ebhekene kubanikazi akusilo kuphela amaloli, kodwa futhi izimoto, kuhlanganise Renault idasta. I condensate ezimatasa kwakheka kubanda. Futhi, amanzi engena ethangini has a isibhamu. Imithetho yesayensi engakaze kukhanselwe - ukufingqa bangase bafinyelele emathangini negesi iziteshi ngokwabo, yize kufihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi agelezela ithangi futhi zibekwe imithambo. Futhi njengoba yaziwa, lo ketshezi immiscible ngamafutha udizili. Ifinyelela inhliziyo amanzi kungalimaza ophezulu futha.

Indlela yokubhekana nale nkinga? Amaloli ngokuvamile usethe izihlungi ezengeziwe, separators. Okokhelekayo Ukudlula ngabo, bahlanza amanyela. Kubandakanya condensate isihlukanisi ubamba. Ngezikhathi ezithile ke amuncekela unscrewing valve akhethekile ezansi. Uma lokhu imoto umgibeli, esetshenziselwa esifundeni esisenyakatho, futhi akuvimbeli ukufakwa isihlukanisi. Izinzuzo lokhu isihlungi baziswa abashayeli abaningi. Lo is bala kudivayisi ngempumelelo ukuthi angabavikela injini kusukela isando, futhi ethangini ngokumelene ukugqwala yangaphakathi. Amanye amadivayisi anemisila bafudumale. Lokhu kuqinisekisa a yimpumelelo ekuqaleni-up at okushisa angafika ku--50 degrees Celsius. Nokho, izindleko zalamaqembu.I - ruble ayizigidi ezingu-30. Separators ngaphandle Ukushisa angathengwa ayizinkulungwane 7-9.

Air kaphethiloli

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa futhi ngenxa yalesi udizili kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza". Izizathu - khona i airlock. Njengoba yaziwa, amasilinda, emoyeni kanye nophethiloli ezidla injini eceleni udizili. Futhi uma uhlelo kwakhiwa "ipulaki", ngezabelo ezihlanganisiwe ngabe ephulwa. Motor ngeke aliqonde futhi ngokushesha Itafula.

Oxygen e futha uwela ngenxa umonakalo kule line nophethiloli. Hlola indawo obandayo futhi isimo amashubhu ngokwabo. Kumele kube khulula ukuqhekeka nokuwohloka fuel kubo. Lokhu kungababangela ngokweqile umoya ukuvuza. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini diesel akakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Kanjani ukulungisa inkinga? I tube emoyeni isuswe ngokuvula umphini sokulungisa ekhethekile lemifanekiso.

uwoyela kakhulu obukhulu

Njengoba yaziwa, diesel izinjini zisebenzisa ukuphila kube mnandi kuphela ehlukile kunaleyo uphethiloli. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthathelwa umshuwalense imoto isiqalo kanzima, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Nge ukwehla izinga lokushisa amafutha injini uqala ukushwaqa. Starter ngisho nalapho ngebhethri kuyoba nzima ukuvula ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza, futhi nalo, futhi crankshaft. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa uwoyela udizili nge viscosity 15W-40. Lapho ushayela ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba wehlise ibha kuya 5W-30. uwoyela Okuningi kunikela Ukujikeleza lula crankshaft, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi injini okushisa nakho ukwehla.

ukuthungela engela

I izinjini udizili futhi abe ipharamitha. Uma alihambisani endinganisweni, injini eziyosebenza anolaka. Obonakalayo vibration okungafunwa, udizili kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza". Ubangela okungakalungi wadalula carbon ukuthungela isikhathi. Futhi, lolu ipharamitha kungenziwa "wadubula phansi." Indlela efanele ukusetha ukuthungela? Le nqubo kudinga amakhono athile. Ukubeka kusengaphambili engela ukulungiswa lomjovo fuel kusho ukuthi ihlinzekwa e predetermined iphuzu othize ekupheleni lo mvimbo kokucindezelwa. Esimeni imingcele evamile omlilo engaphelele kwenzeka amasilinda. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka detonation futhi shaking at lutho. Indlela efanele ukusetha ukuthungela? Umngcele isethwe by Ukujikeleza mayelana ahlangene futha nophethiloli. Futhi, i-engeli isethwe ngokuvula isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo camshaft. Ukulungisa, udinga ukuya ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza injini, emva kokukhipha ke kusukela bezinhlamvu. Kufanele uthole ngesivalo ku ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza ukuthi lehliselwa zingene slot, bese upheqela isici ngokhiye.

Ngakho baqala yi crankshaft. Jikela ngokwewashi handwheel edingekayo ngaphambi umsebenzi lockable. Ngaphezu kwalokho thola futha idrayivu shaft. Udizili ku akufanele avuze. Hlanganisa emamaki phezu flange futha idrayivu elihlangana. umqulu Ngokulandelayo crankshaft omunye ithuba kakhudlwana futhi bheka uma ilebula siqondile. Khona-ke ukulawula isikhundla esikalini. Ngemva kokuqina emikhonweni drive siphakamise ngesivalo phezu ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza. Val kuskrolelwa ngu-90 degrees. I lokumisa kufanele afakwe inkatho.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina kokufaka izindlu ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza bese qinisa ngezikulufo lokubopha. Qala injini bese uhlole ukusebenza kwawo. Ngezinye kokungenzi lutho injini akufanele ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana vibration ezingadingekile futhi ukunyakaza kufanele kube mahhala ukwehluleka jerks.

Amakhandlela Bheka, bahlabe umkhosi

Yebo, injini diesel Ubuye lekhandlela. Nokho, ngokungafani uphethiloli, bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo hhayi ukushiswa ingxube, futhi izibani zalo. Ngamanye amazwi, injini osuke usushisa kakade. Udizili iba ngaphansi abandayo kukhanya Imigudu ngokusebenzisa. Ziyakwazi efanele ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ngakho-ke, uma imoto kunzima ukuqala, kufanele zihlolwe amakhandlela. Mhlawumbe abazi ukukhiqiza evamile Ukushisa yokubasela injini diesel. Lezi zici amandla yi-edluliselwe futhi ifakwe control unit yayo. Izilawuli yokugcina amalahle amakhandlela ngokuhambisana inani elinqunyiwe isikhathi. Ngemva kwesikhathi ethile supply voltage ukuze i-plug inhlansi imisiwe. Edluliselwe akusebenzi manje, ngoba Ukushisa yokubasela diesel isivele bagqugquzela. Kodwa lokhu akulona njalo kunjalo. Kwenzeka ukuthi ikhandlela uyama at esigabeni sokuqala. Futhi lapha inkinga isivele electronics. Kuwufanele kokuhlola umsebenzi edluliselwe futhi iyunithi electronic. Mshini kufanele ushicilele ngokuchofoza. Uma uhlelo has a fuse, kuhlole kanye. Mhlawumbe isici ngomlilo ngesikhathi voltage gxuma, futhi kuvele othomathikhi uchungechunge ikhefu. Nge esikhundleni izakhi fuse ukusebenza kuzicelo.

Kuwufanele ukumelana metering inhlansi intambo uqobo. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa multimeter. I umhloli ofanayo sitholakale operation edluliselwe. Kodwa indlela engcono - ukuzama ukuqala injini unit zangaphambi serviceable futhi udlulisela. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukunquma isizathu esenza kunzima ukuqala udizili.

Pump umlomo wombhobho

I wokugcina ukusebenza kungaba kungangcoli. Ngaphakathi kwakhiwa lacquer nesibabule imali. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana into ezifana bafake yemvelo futhi izinyembezi ka Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi ohlelweni kukawoyela injini diesel ukuthi supply fuel ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu. On amayunithi esine umjovo "Common Rail" bangamaphesenti 200 MPA. Ukuze uqhathanise, injector usebenza ngaphakathi 4-5 MPA. Ukonakala okungenziwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni kuholela nobunzima ukumpompa msebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, nophethiloli ingcindezi uwela. Out isimo - yokuhlanza noma esikhundleni Imibhobho esemzimbeni (kuncike degree kwabo bafake). Phendukisa bese ukuxilonga lezi zinto kuphela is hhayi Kunconywa. Zonke kufanele kuhlolwe ku zezitsha ekhethekile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi injectors ezingcolile, ngaphezu a ingcindezi ongaphakeme akakwazi fafaza ingxube ngaphansi isibani evamile. Luzwakala ukusebenza kwe-injini - injini at troit lutho, walahlekelwa traction, kwandisa ukusetshenziswa.

amathiphu

Ngezansi, siqokomisa amathiphu ambalwa ku ukuqala indlela injini diesel kubanda :

• Gcina ibhethri serviceable. Ngo amaphesenti angu-80 amacala, inkinga itholakala ibhethri-isethi. Ungayisebenzisi ibhethri isindala kakhulu, okuyinto engu-iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze ngokuqiniseka okukhulu kufanele athenge "booster", ezizohlinzeka zamanje yokuqalisa kuncike degree of ibhethri lakho ukushaja.
• Kanjani ukuqala injini diesel kubanda? Uma isiqalo senziwa emakhazeni, kufanele 'baphaphame "ibhethri. Ukuze wenze lokhu imizuzwana embalwa, vula izibani.
• Uma kukhona yesithwathwa ezinzima, ukugcina ikhaya ibhethri endaweni ababezolala kuyo ebusuku. Ngezikhathi uhlanze okuthunyelwe ukuphela ibhethri uma oxidised. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izifutho ekhethekile noma lokukhuhla nolaka.
• Khetha uwoyela kwesokudla. Khumbula ukuthi lokushisa lehliselwa, ke sikhula. Ushintsho linjengamafutha "phansi" ngeke zisebenze. On imishini nge mileage amakhilomitha esingaphansi 100 ayizinkulungwane kunconywa ukusebenzisa uwoyela zokwenziwa noma ephuma kabili zokwenziwa nge Inkomba viscosity 0W noma 5W.
• Ngaphambi kwesikhathi eside yokupaka kungenziwa batheleka amafutha 100-150 namamililitha uphethiloli. Diluting fuel Lubrication futhi injini ziqalise ngaphandle kwezinkinga "emakhazeni". Inqubo akusho ukulimaza injini, kodwa musa kabi it.
• Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuziqalela kancane ubambe ukhiye in the isikhundla yesithathu. Phakathi nale nkathi yesikhathi ukufudumeza kukhanya ipulaki fuel, niyilungise nomlilo. Njengomthetho, izibonisi yesimanje yezimoto isithonjana ehlukuzweni yomculo.
• Uma injini kungaqali ngemizuzwana 10, cisha ukuziqalela. Kungenjalo isikhathi emsebenzini wayo kuzobandakanya a osenyameni enamandla ibhethri. Ngokuvamile, motor kwanele 1-2 imizuzwana ukuqala.
• Sebenzisa ANTIGEL. Futhi awathele ethangini phambi refueling kuyadingeka.
• Ngo kubanda kakhulu lo 1-2 amakhilomitha wokuqala kumele uye ngesivinini ongaphakeme nesivinini zonke izingxenye imoto sekuqala ukufudumala kahle.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi kungani udizili kunzima ukuqala, "amakhaza" futhi indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga. Njengoba ubona, ezimweni eziningi inkinga eziwubala. Nokho, lapho kuziwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni bakhathale noma amasondo piston wanamathela, ukulungiswa kufanele kwesokunxele ochwepheshe.