Udaba Imali: essence yayo namafomu main

ekushayweni Monetary kuyinqubo ukukhipha imali yamaphepha kanye zemali ejikelezayo. On ithonya lawo emnothweni we ochwepheshe ezweni kungaphela amahora uxoxa, ngoba kukhona okuningi eziphikisanayo. Phela, kubhekwa ithuluzi engaholela kokubili ngcono futhi Ukuwohloka emkhakheni wezimali.

Ngokuyinhloko-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi udaba lwemali ilungelo okungokukaNkulunkulu National Bank. Yena ulawula ukunikezela ngemali: ukhiqiza ukushoda kanye uyahoxa njengoba kudingeka. amafomu amabili ungabahlukanisa lokukhipha imali: imali futhi non-cash. Eyokuqala ngobubanzi okuningi, ngoba ngaphezu imali kwenza ikhiphela kunyatheliswa yokukhokha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unelungelo afeze udaba non-cash futhi sibe ngamabhange, okuyinto iyahlule ifomu imali.

Emission imali eRussia oluhambisana eziningi izimiso:

• Monopoly, okungukuthi, ilungelo lokubuyiswa imali yamaphepha sinikezwe kuphela Central Bank of the Russian Federation futhi nguye yedwa onquma isikhathi nendlela kakhulu ukuhoxisa noma ukukhulula kubo.
• Kungaba kwenziwe ngaphandle nokuvikeleka. Lemali ekushayweni ayinikeze igolide langempela noma nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu, kanye nokukhiqiza Izindleko kakhulu izinkolo ezincane ezinenani zabo bokuzisholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungekho owasungulwa ubudlelwano phakathi lwemali kazwelonke negolide.
• Ingabe izindlela ezisemthethweni yokukhokha, kuqinisekiswa umtsetfo lokhona isiRashiya, kuphela ithuluzi lamahhala leli ingasetshenziswa inkokhelo yemali osonkontileka.
• ruble Russian kungenziwa umklomelo ku sifundvo ngasinye, ethula kamazisi, kunoma yisiphi isamba. Ayikho imikhawulo ethile.
• Uhulumeni akumele akhombise National Bank isikhathi kanye nemali daba, ikakhulukazi ngesimo ugwayi katiki.

Ukwandisa imali engukheshi Kwenziwa iyunithi elikhethekile okuthiwa imali processing isikhungo. It yena, kufaka egumbini kwegazi kanye Isikhwama Reserve. Izindlela sokuqala unesibopho elikhiphe ngamabhange reception yemali esimweni kumiswa ngokweqile. A Isikhwama reserve lucwaningo umsebenzi isitoreji imithombo. Futhi ngenkathi amanothi asebhange bakule Isikhwama, abakwazi ngokuthi imali, ngoba abazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo, kodwa kukhona izimpawu imali kuphela.

ukucutshungulwa Cash isikhungo itholakala uMnyango National Bank, elithatha amalungelo ekushayweni. Ngakho, nguye onquma ku ukudluliswa kweemali kusukela Isikhwama Reserve egumbini kwegazi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali akuyona kukhuphuke ngo iziqondiso kuhlelwa, kanti ngesikhathi amabhange eziningana commercial yandisa isidingo nemadlana.

kuphakama non-cash udaba inqubo yentuthuko kanye ukunwetshwa izindawo abolekise, + ngakho-ke zingenziwa kanye nezinye izikhungo obolekisayo. Litjho ukwanda imali ku-akhawunti ngenxa isiphelo sesimiso kunoma imuphi umsebenzi ebhange. Kukholakala ukuthi le ndlela ekushayweni kuyinto eyinhloko, ngamanye amazwi, kuqala ukukhula akhawunti yasebhange, bese kunesidingo ukwandisa supply imali.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi non-cash futhi imali ku ukuxhumana njalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha uhlobo omunye. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukhokha imali-mboleko noma idiphozi Kwenziwa non-cash ukwanda. Futhi lapho ukhipha imali akhawunti asebhange liyakhula inani cash. Kodwa umqondo wegama elithi "imali kuyi" akuhlanganisi nje ushintsho kusuka ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye, futhi hhayi nje inkinga zemali in kwegazi, kanye nokukhula yangempela supply imali.