Ubukhulu bokuvunyelwa kwamanje ngezinsimbi zethusi

Uma umbane kagesi ugeleza phakathi kwekhebula, amanye amandla alahlekile. Kuya ekushiseni kwabaqhubi ngenxa yokumelana kwabo, ngokunciphisa inani lamandla adluliselweyo namanje okuvumelekile okwenziwe ngentambo yethusi. Umqhubi owamukelekayo kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngethusi, enezinto ezincane zokumelana kagesi, ufanisa abathengi ngezindleko futhi utholakala ngokubanzi.

Insimbi elandelayo nge-conductivity emihle yi-aluminium. Kuyinto eshibhile kunethusi, kodwa kunama-joints amaningi futhi akhubazekile emajoyini. Ngaphambilini, amanethiwekhi asekhaya asekhaya ayenziwe ngezintambo ze-aluminium. Babefihliwe ngaphansi kwephasi futhi isikhathi eside bekhohliwe nge-electroconducting. Ugesi ikakhulukazi lwaya ekukhanyeni, futhi izintambo zikwazi ukumelana kalula nomthwalo.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kwabonakala izinto eziningi zikagesi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi zidinga ugesi oluthe xaxa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanda futhi i-wiring yaphela ukubhekana nayo. Manje kwakungacabangeki ukwenza ugesi ugesi noma indlu ngaphandle kokubala i-wiring yamandla. Izintambo kanye nezintambo zikhethwa ukuze kungabi nezindleko ezengeziwe, futhi zikwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke izidingo endlini.

Isizathu sokushisa i-wiring

Amandla kagesi odlulayo adala umqhubi ukushisa. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, insimbi ishicilela ngokushesha, futhi ukugxila kuqala ukukhenyuka ekushiseni kuka-65 ^° C. Ngokuvamile kuvutha, ngokushesha kuyaphula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izintambo zikhethiwe ngokusho kwamanje okwamkelekile, lapho zingapheli khona.

Indawo yesigaba se-wiring

Ukuma kwentambo kuyimbuthano, isikwele, umugqa noma unxantathu. Endaweni yokubamba ifulethini, lesi sigaba sinesibindi. Ibhasi lezethusi livame ukufakwa kwikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa futhi liyi-mctangular noma isikwele.

Izindawo ezithintekayo emithanjeni zinqunywa ubukhulu obuyinhloko obulinganiselwe umlingisi:

• Umjikelezo - S = πd 2/4;
• Isikwele S = a ² ;
• Rectangle - S = a * b;
• Unxantathu u-2/3.

Izinhlamvu ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukubalwa:

• R yi-radius;
• D ububanzi;
• B, a ububanzi nobude besigaba;
• Π = 3.14.

Ukubalwa kwamandla ku-wiring

Amandla akhishwe emithanjeni yekhebula phakathi nokusebenza kwawo anqunywe ifomula: P = I _n ² Rn,

Lapho _{ngilapha khona} umthwalo wamanje, A; Ukumelana no-R, i-Ohm; N iyinani labaqhubi.

Ifomula ifanele ukubala umthwalo owodwa. Uma izintambo eziningana zixhunywe kwikhebula, inani lokushisa libalwe ngokwehlukana kumthengi ngamunye wamandla, bese imiphumela ihlanganiswa.

Isikhathi esivumelekile sezinsimbi zethusi ezibhekene nazo zibalwa ngesigaba esiphambanweni. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukuhlunga ukuphela, ulinganise ububanzi bezingcingo, ubale indawo futhi ulandele ngenombolo yakho ku-wire.

I-cross cross-section yezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza

Izingxenye ze-Wire zihamba ngokulinganisela kumamitha ayizigremu. Uma sicabanga ngokulinganiselwe okwamanje, i-mm2 yocingo yethusi iyadlula ngokwayo 10 A, ngaphandle kokushisa.

Esikhathini ikhebula, izintambo eziseduze zishisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba akhethe ubukhulu bomzimba ngokusho kwamatafula noma ngokulungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bungathathwa ngomkhawulo omncane ekuqondeni ukwanda, bese ukhethwa ochungechungeni olujwayelekile.

I-wiring ingavuleka futhi ifihliwe. Esikhathini sokuqala okuhlukile, senziwa ngaphandle kwezingxenye, emipayipi noma eziteshini zekhebula. Amaphasi afihlekile ngaphansi kwe-plaster, eziteshini noma amapayipi ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Lapha imibandela yokusebenza iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba ezindaweni ezivaliwe ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni ikhebula lishisa kakhulu.

Ngezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, izici zokulungisa ziqaliswa lapho kutholakala khona isikhathi samanje eside esivumelekile okufanele sande ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:

• Ikhebula elilodwa lomsindo ku-pipe elide kune-10 m: I = I _n x 0.94;
• Izintambo ezintathu ezilodwa-core emgqeni owodwa: I = I _n x 0.9;
• I-gasket emanzini enezingubo ezivikelayo uhlobo Кл: I = I _n х 1.3;
• Ikhebula eline-core le-cross-section elilinganayo: I = I _n x 0.93.

Isibonelo:

Ngomthwalo we-5 kW ne-voltage ye-220 V, okwamanje ngokusebenzisa ucingo lethusi kuyoba ngu-5 x 1000/220 = 22.7 A. Isigaba sayo esiphambene siyoba ngu-22.7 / 10 = 2.27 mm ² . Lesi sayizi sizohlinzeka ngamanje okwamamukelekayo wezinsimbi zethusi ngokushisa. Ngakho-ke, lapha kufanele uthathe umkhawulo omncane we-15%. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yesiphambano iyoba yiS = 2.27 + 2.27 x 15/100 = 2.61 mm ² . Manje, kulokhu usayizi, kufanele ukhethe i-standard cross-section yocingo, okungama-3 mm.

Ukushisa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhebula

Umqhubi akakwazi ukuthukuthela kusukela kulesi sikhathi esidlule kuze kube phakade. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, linikeza ukushisa emvelweni, inani lalo lixhomeke emkhatsini wokushisa phakathi kwabo. Ngomzuzwana othile, isimo se-equilibri sibeka futhi izinga lokushisa lomqhubi lihlelwe njalo.

Kubalulekile! Ngetambo ekhethiwe kahle, ukwehla kokushisa kuncishisiwe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kagesi (uma izintambo zigcwele) kufanele futhi ukhokhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali ikhokhiswa izindleko ezengeziwe zamitha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufaka esikhundleni sekhebula.

Ukukhethwa kwesigaba sensimbi

Ngendlu ejwayelekile, abakhiyeli bamandla kagesi abacabangi ngokukhethekile ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zokubambisana okuzozikhetha. Ezimweni eziningi, okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa:

• Ikhebula lokuhola - 4-6 mm ² ;
• Izisekelo - 2,5 mm ² ;
• Ukukhanyisa okuyinhloko yi-1.5 mm ² .

Isistimu enjalo ihlangabezana kahle nemithwalo, uma kungenamandla kagesi kagesi, okwezinye izikhathi okudingeka ukuthi kugcinwe amandla ahlukile.

Kuhle ngokuthola okwamanje ukuvunyelwa kwentambo yethusi, itafula kusuka kumhlahlandlela. Iphinde ibonise idatha yokubala yokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium.

Isisekelo sokukhetha i-wiring yimandla yabathengi. Uma amandla ephelele emigqeni evela ekufakweni okuyinhloko P = 7.4 kW ku-U = 220 V, okwamanje okuvunyelwe okwenziwe ngethusi kuyoba ngokuya kweThebula 34A, kanye nesigaba esinqamule - 6 mm ² (i-gasket evaliwe).

Izindlela zokusebenza zesikhathi esifushane

Isikhathi esiphezulu esivumelekile samanje sesikhathi esincane esifanele sezinsimbi zethusi ngezinqubo zokusebenza ezinomjikelezo wesikhathi sokufika kumaminithi angu-10 kanye nezinkathi zokusebenza phakathi kwazo ezingaphezu kwamaminithi angu-4 kuncishiswe kwimodi yokusebenza ende uma isigaba sokunqamuka singadluli 6 mm ² . Ngengxenye yesiphambano ngenhla 6 mm ² : Ngengeza = I _n ∙ 0.875 / √T _ae. ,

Where Т _п.в - isilinganiso _{sobude besigaba} sokusebenza kuze kube sesikhathini semjikelezo.

Ukwehluleka kwamandla ngesikhathi kunqwabelanisa nezikhampasi ezimfushane kunqunywa yizici zobuciko zamadivayisi avikelayo asetshenzisiwe. Ngezansi umdwebo wepaneli yokulawula encane yefulethi. Imitha ihlinzeka nge-MCA DP MCB ngesilinganiso samandla esingu-63 A, esivikela i-wiring ngaphambi kwemishini yemigqa ngayinye enekhono lika-10 A, 16 A no-20 A.

Kubalulekile! Imingcele yokusebenza kwemishini othomathikhi kumele ibe ngaphansi kwesimanje esivumelekile samanje kwe-wiring nangaphezulu kwamanje wokulayisha. Kulesi simo, umugqa ngamunye uzovikelwa ngokuthembekile.

Ungakhetha kanjani ucingo lokufaka kwesokudla endlini?

Inani lenani elilinganisiwe kwikhebula elingene endlini lixhomeke ukuthi bangaki abathengi abaxhunyiwe. Ithebula libonisa izinsimbi ezidingekayo namandla abo.

Ukusebenza kogesi	Amandla alinganisiwe, kW
I-TV	0.18
Ibhuyili	2-6
Isiqandisisi	0.2-0.3
Ihhavini	2-5
Vumela ukuhlanza	0.65-1
I-kettle kagesi	1.2-2
I-Iron	1.7-2.3
I-oven microwave	0.8-2
Ikhompyutha	0.3-1
Umshini wokugeza	2.5-3.5
Uhlelo lokukhanyisa	0.5
Inani	12.03-23.78

Amandla wamanje avela kumandla awaziwayo angatholakala kusuka enkulumweni:

I = P ∙ K _kanye / (U ∙ cos φ), lapho K _no = 0.75 kuyi-coefficient efanayo.

Imishini eminingi kagesi ewumthwalo osebenzayo, i-factor factor is cos φ = 1. Ukuze izibani ze-luminescent, ama-motor ahlanzekile kagesi, imishini yokugeza, njll, ingaphansi kwe-1 futhi kufanele ilandelwe.

Amanje okuhlala isikhathi eside kumadivayisi aboniswe etafuleni azoba ngu = 41 - 81 A. Inani liyamangalisa kakhulu. Kufanele uhlale ucabanga ngokucophelela uma uthenga umshini omusha kagesi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inethiwekhi yendawo yokuhlala izodonsa. Ngokusho kwetafula for wiring evulekile ingxenye-cross we wire input kuyoba 4-10 mm ² . Lapha kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange, ukuthi umthwalo wendawo yokuhlala uzothinta kanjani i-общеобмовую. Kungenzeka ukuthi iHhovisi leZindlu ngeke livumele ukuxhumeka kwemishini eminingi kagesi kuphakama, lapho ibhasi (ithusi noma i-aluminium) lidlula phakathi kwebhodi lokubhobhoza ngesigaba ngasinye futhi singathathi hlangothi. Abamane badonsa imitha kagesi, evame ukufakwa esikhungweni sokufika. Ukwengeza, ukukhokhwa kwemali ejwayelekile yokugesi kuyokhula kuze kube yizilinganiso ezimangalisayo ngenxa yama coefficients ekhulayo.

Uma i-wiring yenzelwe indlu yangasese, khona-ke lapha kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele amandla ocingweni oluphumayo kusuka kunethiwekhi enkulu. I-aluminium wire SIP-4 esetshenziswa njalo ngesigaba esiphambene ne-12 mm ² kungenzeka ukuthi ayanele ngokwanele umthwalo omkhulu.

Ukukhethwa kokubambisana kwamaqembu ngabathengi ngabanye

Uma ikhebula likhethiwe ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi futhi idivayisi yokufakwayo eyivikela ekukhunjweni kanye ne-short-circuits ikhethiwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha izintambo zeqembu ngalinye labathengi.

Umthwalo uhlukaniswe ukukhanyisa namandla. Umthengi onamandla kunayo yonke ikhishi, lapho isitofu sikagesi, umshini wokuhlanza kanye nomshini wokulahla isitsha, isiqandisini, i-oven microwave nezinye izinto zikagesi zifakiwe.

Kule ndawo ngayinye, ama-2.5 mm ² izintambo akhethiwe. Ngokusho kwetafula le-wiring efihliwe, uzolahlekelwa ngu-21 A. Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngokuvamile luvuthayo - kusuka ebhokisini lokuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, izintambo kufanele zibe yi-4 mm ² ububanzi. Uma lezi zisekelo zixhunywe nge-loop, kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuthi ingxenye yesigamu se-2.5 mm ² ihambelana namandla angama-4.6 kW. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo ophelele kuzo akufanele udlule. Kukhona iphutha elilodwa: uma ukuphuma okukodwa kuhluleka, konke okunye kungase kungasebenzi.

Esikhathini sebheyili, isitofu sikagesi, isimo se-air kanye neminye imithwalo enamandla, kuphakanyiswa ukuxhuma ucingo oluhlukile ngedivayisi ezenzakalelayo. Esigumbini sokugezela kukhona nokufaka okuhlukile nge-othomathikhi kanye ne-RCD.

Ukukhanyisa kuhoxiswa kwintambo ka 1.5 mm ² . Manje abantu abaningi basebenzisa ukukhanyisa okuyisisekelo nokungeziwe, lapho kungadingeka khona isigaba esikhulu sokunqamula.

Indlela yokubala i-wire-phase wiring?

Uhlobo lwenethiwekhi lunethonya ekubaleni kwesigaba esinqunyelwe ikhebula elivumelekile. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okufanayo, imithwalo yamanje evumelekile engxenyeni yekhebula ye-network-phase network izoba ngaphansi kwesigaba esisodwa.

Ukuze unikeze ikhebula eliyisisekelo ezintathu ku-U = 380 V, ifomula elandelayo isetshenziswa:

I = P / (√3 ∙ U ∙ cos φ).

Isici samandla singatholakala kuzici zemishini kagesi noma lilingana no-1, uma umthwalo usebenza. Isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile samakhoya wethusi, kanye ne-aluminium ngezinyathelo ezintathu zezintambo, kuboniswa ematafuleni.

Isiphetho

Ukuze uvimbele ukushisa okukhulu kwabaqhubi ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo, isigaba esinqunyiwe sabaqhubi kufanele sibalwe ngokufanele, lapho okwamanje okuvunyelwe khona kwezintambo zethusi kuxhomeke. Uma amandla omqhubi akwanele, ikhebula lizophelelwa yisikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.