Ubugebengu: ubugebengu isigaba. Criminal Law: umqondo, izinhlobo nezigaba ubugebengu

Lesi sihloko buzakuvezwa isihloko izenzo ekhubazekile, futhi ebonakala zonke izigaba ekhona amacala obugebengu. Sivumele isishaya-mthetho kuvikelwe izinhlobo izenzo zobugebengu e Criminal Code kanye ukuze kube lula zibahlukanise ngetehluko. Izigaba ubugebengu ingaphinda libhekene ngokuhambisana izici eduze isici ekhona Corpus.

Umqondo ubugebengu

Isisekelo icala isenzo ehlanganisa zonke izici ngokungemthetho. Lobu bugebengu libhekene nengozi zomphakathi kwabanye, ubonelela ikhomishana okubhekene eyasungulwa Criminal Code.
Izibonakaliso isenzo esinjalo yilezi:

• ingozi yomphakathi;
• wecala;
• wrongfulness;
• kujeziswe.

emacaleni

Sivumele isishaya-mthetho usungula izimfuneko ezithile ngawo kungenzeka elichaza noma yibuphi ubugebengu. Isigaba zobugebengu zihilela izenzo ngokumelene:

• ukuqonda komphakathi kanye nokuvikeleka;
• ubuntu;
• impahla;
• ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezomnotho;
• impilo nokuziphatha zomphakathi;
• izithakazelo yesevisi izinhlangano kwezohwebo;
• ukusebenza kwezithuthi nomthamo;
• ubugebengu kwemvelo;
• ukuphepha kwezwe oda zomthethosisekelo;
• Iziphathimandla zikaHulumeni;
• ubulungiswa.

Cala ukuze yomphakathi kanye nokuphepha

Umthetho uhlinzekela emikhakheni ethile yezenzo zobugebengu ezihlukahlukene. Of Criminal Code ikhomba izenzo emyalweni yomphakathi kanye nokuvikeleka. Lawa macala kumele zihlanganisa izenzo eziphula kwezinkambiso yokuziphatha eyasungulwa isimo emphakathini (izimo zokusebenza, izimo zokuphila, ukuzilibazisa). Abakwazi ihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ethathela nokuvikeleka komphakathi (Article 113 futhi 114.);
• ukuze umphakathi (st.215-217 futhi 219);
• amacala ayebekwe ukuphepha komphakathi nge imithi enobungozi, izinto, izimpahla (Art. 220-226).

Amacala ayebekwe umuntu

It izenzo kuthiwa aqondiswe siqu ngendlela engafanele nokuchayeka ubumfihlo, isithunzi, ebuntwaneni nokukhulelwa. Into sokwephulwa kwe-kulokhu abantu, kanye nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ezihlobene ukuqaliswa kanye ukufezwa kwamalungelo esintu (social, begazi, emkhayeni, ngokomthethosisekelo). Lobu bugebengu zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ethatha isinyathelo sokuqeda impilo;
• nodumo, isithunzi nenkululeko;
• inkululeko ngokocansi noma amasosha omzimba;
• Izingane kanye Family;
• inkululeko zomthethosisekelo kanye namalungelo esintu.

Amacala ayebekwe impahla

izenzo ngamabomu noma zokunganaki yokwephula amalungelo obunikazi noma umonakalo kumnikazi impahla - ngalezi zimfanelo yakha umqondo jikelele ubugebengu. Izigaba amacala kungase kube kanje:

1. Ukukhwabanisa, ukweba, ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisa, ukuphanga.
2. Ukulimala noma ukubhujiswa enye impahla.
3. Ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo lokweba impahla.

Ngu into secala kukhona ubudlelwano ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza evamile zonke izinhlobo ezikhona kobunikazi.

ubugebengu kwezomnotho

Isigaba zobugebengu zihlanganisa izenzo obenziwa ukusatshalaliswa, izimboni, amapulazi akhiqiza exchange noma ukusetshenziswa amasevisi kanye ezibonakalayo zomhlaba.
Into ubudlelwane umusa zingaveli inkambo imisebenzi yezomnotho yi division, ukukhiqizwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Futhi, into kufanele kufake ubudlelwano ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho. Uhlangothi subjective, njengoba umthetho, libhekene iphutha ngesimo ngenhloso oqondile.

IzEnzo ngokumelene impilo nokuziphatha zomphakathi

ukuphazamiseka emthethweni nge ukusebenza evamile indawo evumayo womuntu - la izici eziyinhloko ngazo ubugebengu. Isigaba obugebengu aphambene yezempilo zomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha kwangaleso ukukhathazeka kakhulu isimo.

impilo zomphakathi - i value zomphakathi ezibalulekile izuzwe kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, ezempilo kanye nezindaba zomthetho.

nokuziphatha zomphakathi - iqoqo imithetho nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, sibonakalisa umqondo wokuhle nokubi, nodumo ubulungiswa.

IzEnzo ngokumelene izithakazelo yesevisi izinhlangano commercial

Lobu bugebengu kuhilela isenzo ngenhloso elihlobene ne imisebenzi ukuphathwa kwenhlangano kanye ingozi umonakalo ezinkulu izithakazelo esisemthethweni kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Into yobulelesi kubhekwe ubudlelwano lapho usebenza izinhlangano kwezohwebo. Uhlangothi umgomo sivezwe kula uhlobo yokungenzi noma isenzo okuhloswe ukuba benze izenzo ukuthi balimaza izithakazelo zabanye. Uhlangothi subjective of the iphutha kuboniswa ngendlela ngamabomu.

ubugebengu kwemvelo

Isigaba zobugebengu yalolu hlobo zinezikhathi ingozi emphakathini, ukulinyazwa imvelo imvelo umthetho ngokuvamile.
Into kubhekwa ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi esezikhona inqubo esebenzisa izimali nemvelo futhi kuncike Ukuvikelwa nguhulumende.
Uhlangothi subjective ukhonza iwayini ngesimo ukunganaki noma ukungaziphathi kahle ngamabomu.

Izenzo ngokumelene ukuxhashazwa nomthamo

It kuyicala kuphazamisa ubuhlobo ezokuthutha, elibanzi eliqonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha impilo nokuphila komuntu. Into secala ubhekwa ukunyakaza okuphephile uhlobo oluthile imoto. Uhlangothi umgomo kubonakala ngesimo isenzo noma ukungenzi lokho kwaholela imiphumela engemihle. Uhlangothi subjective lain ifomu abanganaki wecala uma umqalisi esebona ukuqala nemiphumela engathandeki futhi ngaphandle kwezizathu ezanele ngokuqiniseka uzama ukuvimbela kusengaphambili yabo.

IzEnzo ngokumelene ukuphepha isimo ne-oda ngokomthethosisekelo

Lobu bugebengu sivezwe kula nokungena emthethweni ku-oda zomthethosisekelo kanye nokuvikeleka isimo. Sikuveze ngesimo kusisenzo sangamabomu okuhloswe ngalo kuthiya noma buthaka ye-oda ngokomthethosisekelo, isimiso sezomnotho nezombangazwe isimo.

into IsiZulu avele ubudlelwano zizinze futhi ukuphila okuvamile kahulumeni. Uhlangothi nhloso ngesimo isinyathelo, futhi subjective yena, libhekene inhloso oqondile.
Lawa imikhakha ubugebengu (Criminal Code):

1. Ehloselwe ukusenza ukulimala ukuphepha zangaphandle.
2. Siphazamise ikhono ukuzivikela nokulondeka ngokwezomnotho.
3. Izenzo, inhloso ukudalulwa izimfihlo isimo.

Amacala ayebekwe amandla isimo

It ethathela imisebenzi evamile kulawulwa umthetho apharathasi State, okuye uzibophezele yizikhulu asebenzise igunya elisemthethweni.

Into secala ubhekwa iqoqo ubudlelwane ezinikeza imisebenzi esemthethweni iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Uhlangothi subjective uwukubonakaliswa inhloso.

Izenzo zobugebengu ngokumelene ubulungiswa

Ngokuphathelene nalesi sigaba amacala Criminal Code ziluhlobo njengokuhlaselwa okuhloswe ngazo umsebenzi evamile zikahulumeni wobulungisa.
ubudlelwane Into ezibhekwa, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa evamile, kulawulwa umsebenzi inkantolo, kanye neenhlangano iqhaza ekuqalisweni lemisebenti. Uhlangothi umgomo kubonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene counteraction ebulungisweni. uhlangothi subjective isekela ngesimo ngenhloso oqondile.