Traffic ingozi. Okufanele ukwenze uma ingozi. Lapho ukubiza, futhi yini imibhalo kudingeka uma ingozi

Kuze kube manje, inani lezingozi zemoto emigwaqweni yethu liye landa kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, izimo ezinjalo zinezinhlobo ezihlukene zokudoba nokulimala ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile ziholela ekufeni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezigameko, umyalelo wokuphenywa, ukuqaliswa kwezinkokhelo kanye nokujeziswa kwalabo abathintekayo. Iyini ingozi? Kufanele ngenzeni ngemuva kokukwenzeka? Uzofunda ngalokhu esihlokweni esethuliwe.

Iyini ingozi futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezingozi?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke incazelo yegama. Ingozi yethrafikhi ukushayisana kwezimoto eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, okubandakanya ukulimala kwempahla, ukulimala empilweni yabantu, ukufa kumshayeli, abagibeli noma abahamba ngezinyawo. Kunoma yikuphi, ingozi yendlela yomgwaqo ithatha noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa kokuziphatha nokulahlekelwa impahla.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingozi zomgwaqo:

1. Ukungqubuzana kwezimoto ngenkathi ushayela. Lezi zenzakalo zenzeka kaningi. Ngokwemvelo, izigebengu zesigameko esinjalo yibo abashayeli ngokwabo abakulahla imithetho futhi bazame ukushayela ngokusheshisa.
2. Impact. Kungenziwa ukuzibophezela kunoma yisiphi isithiyo noma umuntu.
3. Ukungqubuzana kwemoto ngemoto emi, isibonelo, ezindaweni zokupaka nokupaka.
4. Ukushaya ibhayisikili, ukuguqula imoto, "ukuhlangana" ngenqola yamahhashi.

Ngokwemvelo, kunezinye izinhlobo zezimo eziphuthumayo, kodwa amaphesenti awo amancane. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi zomgwaqo ezingase zenzeke. Ngamunye wabo unobunqunu bakhe kanye nama-nuances.

Izimbangela zezingozi zomgwaqo

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi bobabili abashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo bangaba necala elifanayo ngengozi. Ngokuvamile, kwenzeka ingozi ngenxa yokungavumelani nemithetho yethrafikhi, isibonelo:

- ukusheshisa (ikakhulukazi ebusika nasezingxenyeni ezishelelayo zomgwaqo);

- ukuguqulwa kwamathayi ngokungakapheli, ukuhluleka kwezobuchwepheshe kwemoto;

- ukushayela ngaphansi kokuthwala utshwala noma izidakamizwa, ukuphuza izidakamizwa, ukwenza uhambo endaweni yokukhathala noma ebusuku;

- ukungahambisani nomkhawulo phakathi kwemishini;

- Ukuhamba okukhanya okubomvu;

- ukuqhutshwa okungalungile kwezinye izimoto.

Ingozi yethrafikhi ingenzeka ngenxa yokuthi isignali yokujika ayishintshi ngesikhathi. Ngokuqondene nabahamba ngezinyawo, nabo bavame ukuba abahlukumezi bezinhlekelele. Isibonelo, bawela umgwaqo ezindaweni ezingaziwa, bengazinaki izimpawu zokukhanya zomgwaqo.

Izenzo zokuqala ngemuva kwengozi

Ingozi yethrafikhi ukushayisana ngemoto, isithiyo noma umuntu. Naphezu kokuthi ngemuva kwalesi sigameko bobabili abahlukumezekile nabasolwa bangase basabe, izenzo ezithile kufanele zithathwe. Isibonelo, into yokuqala udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi namaphoyisa omgwaqo. Khumbula: ngaphansi kwesizathu esingenakulinganiswa asikwazi ukushiya indawo yengozi (inhlekelele). Uma kungenjalo, uzoshushiswa futhi uzokhokhiswa.

Masinyane zama ukuvikela indawo lapho konke okwenzekile, futhi uthole ofakazi ababukele isikhathi sokushayisana noma ukushayisana. Kulokhu, i-tape ekhethekile kanye nezibonakaliso zingasetshenziswa, okumele kube yi-arsenal yomnikazi ngamunye wemoto. Ngalesi sigaba, bhala wonke ama-akhawunti wokuzibonela (izinombolo zezimoto, amafoni). Kuyadingeka ukuba uvule izibani eziphuthumayo emotweni (uma kungenzeka khona ubuchwepheshe). Kulokhu, imoto, izinto noma izidumbu zomuntu oshonile azikwazi ukuhanjiswa.

Uma ingozi yethrafikhi ingenayo imiphumela ebalulekile yempilo, noma impilo yabahlanganyeli bengozi ingekho engozini, wonke umuntu angaqhubeka nokunyakaza noma ukuhlelelana ngaphandle kokubandakanya amaphoyisa. Ungashiya indawo yokushayisana kuphela uma i-ambulensi ingenalo ithuba lokufinyelela abalimele, futhi ungaya nabo esibhedlela (uma kunesisongo esiyingozi empilweni). Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uphindele emuva futhi unikeze incazelo kummeli wamaphoyisa omgwaqo.

Uma imoto yakho inesiqiniseko, kufanele uzise inhlangano yalesi sigameko kungakapheli amahora angu-24 kusukela ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwayo futhi kungakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu. Konke kuncike emigomweni yesivumelwano osibhalisile ne-UK.

Indlela yokwenza kahle indawo futhi yiziphi amadokhumenti adingekayo?

Ngemuva kokuba abameli bezinhlaka zomthetho befika endaweni yesehlakalo, baqhuba izinyathelo zokuhlola futhi baqoqa wonke amaphepha adingekayo. Konke lokhu kwenziwa phambi kwabahlanganyeli abaqondile kulezo zenzakalo. Ochwepheshe kufanele bavikele insimu futhi bangavumeli abangaphandle bangene kuwo, okungabhubhisa ubufakazi benecala noma ukungabi namlandu komshayeli (ohamba ngezinyawo).

Sizoqonda ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo engozini:

1. Izincazelo ezibhaliwe zabo bonke abahlanganyeli kulesi sigameko.

2. Inqubo yokuphulwa kokuphatha (uma kungekho abantu abafile nabalimele).

3. Isitifiketi sokuqala senhlekelele.

4. Isikimu saleso sigameko, esihlanganiswa phambi kwabahlanganyeli esimweni futhi sisayinwe yizo.

Manje sizokwazi ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo uma kwenzeka ingozi, uma kukhona umonakalo omkhulu wezinto noma kukhona izisulu (abantu abafile):

- isitifiketi senhlekelele;

- incazelo yemonakalo yezimoto, kanye nokulungisa isimo sezobuchwepheshe (izimali zokukhokha komonakalo wendawo kuxhomeke kulo mbhalo);

- Uhlelo lwezehlakalo ;

- incazelo ebhaliwe yabahlanganyeli besigameko;

- isenzo sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokutholakala kwezidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa egazini lecala (ukuhlolwa kwesimo somuntu obambe iqhaza kule ngozi kufanele kwenziwe phambi kofakazi okungenani ababili);

- ama-akhawunti wokuzibonela ngeso simo.

Umbiko wengozi, ohlanganiswa ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo endaweni yesehlakalo, kumele ufundwe futhi usayinwe yibo bonke ababambe iqhaza kulo mcimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhophi yayo ingakhishwa ngokufunwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona abanobugebengu abaningana, le protocol ihlanganiswa ngamunye wabo ngokwahlukana.

Uma kunesidingo, umshayeli angenza okungeziwe kumadokhumenti, anqunywe yisiphathimandla somthetho. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amaphepha asetshenziswe, isifundo sezobuchwepheshe besayithi yengozi kanye nezimoto zenziwa.

Iyini ukuhlolwa kwengozi? Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa

Zonke izimo nezimbangela eziholela esenzakalweni kufanele ziphenywe ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela. Ngenxa yalokhu injongo yokuhlolwa kwengozi inikezwa. Le nqubo yenziwa ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo, anolwazi oludingekayo futhi anakho konke okudingekayo (ubuchwepheshe).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zobuchwepheshe:

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa noma kwezomthetho. Bobabili bathola izimo zesigameko. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuqala, kungadingeka bobabili ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho. Okwesibili, iqokiwe yihhovisi lomshushisi noma umphenyi. Ngezinye izikhathi ijaji lingase licele isifundo.

2. Ngokwezinga leengozi, kanye nenani labahlanganyeli balo, ukuhlolwa kungahlukaniswa ngokuthi:

- Ngamanye (ngezigameko ezincane, lapho ukuhlanganyela kwabanye ochwepheshe akudingekile);

- ikhomishana neyinkimbinkimbi (uma ungeke ukwenze ngaphandle kwesiphetho sezinye ochwepheshe): kaningi kuqhutshwa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

3. Le nqubo ingabuye ibekwe ngokulandela umyalelo wokubaluleka okulandelayo:

- Primary;

- kuphindwe;

- eyengeziwe.

Uma kukhona izinkinga ezintsha noma ukungavumelani phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bengozi noma inkampani yomshuwalense, isifundo sokuzimela sobuchwepheshe sikhethiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhomishana itholakala kulabo ochwepheshe abangasebenzi emiphakathini yophenyo lwamacala noma amaphoyisa.

Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezingozi zomgwaqo kudinga ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwezimoto, izingxenye, ama-debris, imidwebo e-asphalt (noma enye ingubo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala ezakhiweni, izibonda noma ezinye izinto umshini oye wathinta ngengozi kufanele zihlolwe. Futhi ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile kuyadingeka, okuphendula imibuzo elandelayo:

- ngenkathi ingozi yomgwaqo imisiwe;

- ngukuphi lapho umenzi wesisulu (isisulu) ehamba khona.

Okuphoqelekile ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwangaphambili kwezehlakalo zesimo secala, kanye nabantu abalimele (abafile). Siyabonga kubo bonke laba cwaningi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yini eyayiyokwenzeka ukuthi ngubani futhi obani imbangela yalesi simo, nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomthwalo wemfanelo okumelwe lithwale umuntu obangela lesi sigameko.

Ukuphenywa kwenziwa kanjani ngemuva kwengozi?

Ingozi yethrafikhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, kufanele iphhenywe yiziphathimandla zomthetho. Emsebenzini wabo basebenzisa yonke indlela yokubhekana nengozi.

Kubalulekile ukusungula izimo ezabangela ingozi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola izizathu ezenza kube nomphumela ongathandeki (yiziphi izenzo zaleli cala ezingalungile), lapho ukushayisana kwenzeka (ukushaya). Amaphoyisa aqoshe umphumela wengozi (yimuphi umphumela okwenzekile, umonakalo omkhulu emotweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona abantu abafile noma abalimele). Esikhathini esifanayo, izinga lecala lomuntu ngamunye ohlanganyela kulo mcimbi liyonqunywa.

Ukuphenya kwezingozi zomgwaqo kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwezinyathelo ezinjalo:

- ukuhlola indawo yengozi (kucatshangelwa izimo zomoya, uhlobo lokubhekwa, amathayi nezinye izimo) kanye nezimoto ezilimazayo (okuyinhloko kwenziwa ngokuqondile kwisayithi);

- ukuhoxiswa kwezambatho zabahlanganyeli esimweni, imibhalo yabo;

- ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yabashayeli nabagibeli bezimoto;

- ukuthola izincazelo ezingofakazi bezingozi zomgwaqo;

- umkhiqizo wokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwabahlanganyeli besigameko;

- ukuhlolwa okuphenya okuzosiza ukubuyisela iqiniso lokho okwenzekile;

- ukuhlolwa kwebhola lezimoto, izingubo zokugqoka, izinto eziqoqiwe, ama-debris nezinye izinto;

- uma kunesidingo (uma lowo muntu ephunyuka), izenzo zokukhomba umshayeli zingenzeka.

Inqubo ngayinye ehlinzekwe inikeza inqwaba yezenzo. Ucwaningo ngalunye kufanele lube nolwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze isithombe esiphelele salokho okwenzekile singakhiwa kabusha.

Icala kanye nomthwalo wecala lomenzi wengozi

Iyini ingozi, usuvele uyayazi. Manje kuyadingeka ukuqonda umthwalo womuntu owenze lesi simo. Kumele ngithi emva kokubhaliswa kwemithetho kanye neminye imibhalo, leli cala lidluliselwa enkantolo ngesinqumo ngalokhu noma leso sijeziso kumenzi wobubi.

Kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi umthwalo wengozi uhlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

1. Ukuyala. Kuyenzeka uma umshayeli wemoto engayifezanga imisebenzi ayinikezwe ngumqashi (okwenzeka kwesigameko ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma isisebenzi sithatha imoto esemthethweni ngezinhloso zayo). Isijeziso esinjalo siyisijeziso, isijeziso noma ukuxoshwa.
2. Indaba. Kufika lapho kwenzeka ukuthi iphutha lomshayeli liphulwe yimoto yomunye umuntu (isevisi). Kulesi simo, inani lemonakalo embonweni wezinga lokulimala impahla yangaphandle. Inani kufanele libhaliswe ekuzinikeleni okubhaliwe.
3. Umthethosisekelo. Kwenzeka uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ingozi ngenxa yesiphambeko somshayeli, ukuthutha okungumthombo wengozi eyengeziwe. Izisulu kulezi zimo zingase zingabi abantu kuphela, kodwa nezakhiwo, kanye nemvelo, uma umshayeli ethwala izinto eziphilayo ezinobungozi noma emakhemikhali. Ubukhulu bomonakalo obunjalo bubekwe nguKhomishane okhethekile owenziwe ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene. Kulolu cala, lo muntu ongenacala angakwazi ukuzikhokhela ngokuzithandela inani elibekiwe. Uma wenqaba ukwenza lokhu, uzodingeka enkantolo.
4. Ukuphatha. Inkantolo uma kwenzeka ingozi ingenza isinqumo ngesigwebo somshayeli uma amacala amaningana eye azinikezelwa isikhathi esithile. Futhi akudingeki ukuba baphele ngengozi. Kodwa-ke, kunama-nuances angenza kube lula ukugwema isijeziso sesehlakalo, noma ngabe uphula imithetho. Isibonelo, uma umshayeli esesimweni sokudakwa, kodwa omunye umuntu unecala yengozi, khona-ke uzoba nomthwalo wengozi. Isijeziso sihlinzeka ngemali noma ukuchithwa kwamalungelo esikhathini esithile.
5. Isigebengu. Kuvela lapho kwenzeka ukuthi lesi sigameko salimala kabi noma abantu abafile. Linikeza isijeziso esinemibandela noma setilongweni ngokuya ngobukhulu besenzo sobugebengu.

Ubani ongufakazi wengozi futhi kufanele akwenze?

Ingxenye ephoqelekile yokuphenya kwalesi sigameko yimibuzo yabafakazi bokuzibonela. OFakazi bezingozi zomgwaqo yibo bantu abasiza ekubuyiseleni isithombe sangempela salokho okwenzekile. Kufanele bahlanganyele ngangokunokwenzeka ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi bazoshiya indawo yesehlakalo senzeke.

Iphoyisa lihola lolu daba. Wonke amazwi akhe alotshwe ku-protocol, okumele umfakazi onobufakazi afunde ngokucophelela futhi asayine. Uma kunesidingo, angabizwa esimisweni senkantolo, okumele sibe khona nakanjani.

Kule protocol yengozi, imininingwane yomuntu siqu kanye noxhumana nabo bokuzibonela kufanele ziboniswe. Uma umenzi wobugebengu ngokwakhe engakwazi ukubiza amaphoyisa kanye ne-ambulensi, noma ubalekele endaweni yesehlakalo, ufakazi kufanele abize.

Ngabe umlandu kufanele yini akhokhe umonakalo?

Ngokuyinhloko, izimoto zanamuhla zihambisana nomshuwalense ophoqelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunamacala lapho umnikazi engenawo inqubomgomo, noma lesi sigameko asinzima kakhulu. Kulokhu, umshayeli ngokwakhe, owafaka isandla kule ngozi, angakwazi ukukhokhela ngokuzithandela uma kwenzeka ingozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awukhokha kuphela ukulungiswa kwemoto ephukile, kodwa nomonakalo ongokomzimba (wokuziphatha). Uma kungekho ukulimala kwezobuchwepheshe noma ukulimala kubantu, lesi simo asibhekwa njengengozi futhi asihambisani nesinxephezelo sempahla.

Ukuze ukhokhele imoto ephukile kumuntu obhekene nezenzakalo, akekho okufanele (uma engagcinwanga). Kumele akwazi ukulungisa ezokuthutha eyedwa. Uma umuntu enomoto obhekwa njengomthombo wengozi eyengeziwe, kumele akhokhele umonakalo uma kwenzeka ngenxa yokunganakwa komshayeli, ukungalandeli imithetho yomgwaqo emgwaqweni.

Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bezinkokhelo, kuxhomeke ekutheni ukulimala kwezobuchwepheshe noma ngokomzimba kunzima kangakanani, futhi kunqunywe amakhomishini akhethekile awenza ukuhlolwa kwezokuthutha. Kunoma yikuphi, uma lelimele lilimale, leli cala kumele libuyisele izindleko zokwelashwa. Uma engafuni ukwenza lokhu, angaphoqelelwa enkantolo.

Ungathola kanjani umshuwalense ngendlela efanele futhi yiziphi izimo ezingakhokhiwe?

Kuze kube manje, cishe zonke izimoto kumele ziqinisekiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanikazi bezimoto banethuba lokubuyisela ukubuyiswa kwempahla yabo. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo lapho umshuwalense wengozi engekho.

Yazisa i-ejenti yakho efiselekayo angu-24 zokuqala ngemuva kwengozi. Inkampani akhokhe isinxephezelo ngokuvumelana nemingcele emiswe nguhulumeni kanye inkontileka umshwalense. Inhlangano edinga ukulethwa kwamapulani imibhalo efana: inqubomgomo, ulwazi le ngozi, isinqumo i ukwephulwa zokuphatha komthetho.

Qiniseka ukuthi umeme ochwepheshe abazimele njengoba ochwepheshe UK kungenzeka siyibukele phansi esikalini umonakalo. Phawula ukuthi, ngaphezu isinxephezelo izindleko ukulungiswa, yomshuwalense kumelwe nxephezela imoto ezokuthutha endaweni lapho uzobe kukhiqizwa. It iyadingeka futhi nezindleko ngendlela okungcwatshwa ngayo izisulu abantu ngengozi.

Umshuwalense akudingeki ukuba akhokhe uma:

- imoto wahlupheka ngenxa komhlaba, falling esihlahleni noma ezinye force majeure;

- it is neshaya ukuthi umnikazi wemoto ngokukhethekile wayithukuthelisa ingozi ukuze ukhokhelwe;

- umshayeli unesibopho ingozi;

- sigameko akazange irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile amaphoyisa omgwaqo;

- imoto bekulimele ngenxa imiboniso, iziteleka kanye nokuncintisana.

Hull kule ngozi okhokhela umonakalo kanye nezinye izinkampani. Udinga nje ukwethula selayisensi yakho yokushayela noma amandla ommeli ukulawula imoto, isitifiketi engozini yemoto, ebanjwe amaphoyisa womgwaqo, idokhumenti wabonisa ukulimala ezokuthutha, kanye umshwalense yasekuqaleni.

Izindlela tekuvikela ingozi

Namuhla aphethwe uchungechunge izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezikhungweni zemfundo, izifundo zokushayela kanye nochwepheshe womgwaqo, zenzelwe ukusiza ukunciphisa inani izingozi zomgwaqo. Isithangami kumele kwenziwe ngazo zonke izinhlangano. Kunenkolelo njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.

Ukuvimbela zomgwaqo kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

- ukukhuthazwa ukushayela ephephile (ukushayela ayikwazi ukukhuluma ocingweni noma ukuphazanyiswa abagibeli ehlezi eduze, qiniseka kufanele ubophe ibhande);

- kokuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa ibayala nabasebenzi amaphoyisa omgwaqo, echaza izimbangela izingozi kanye nemiphumela yabo;

- ukulawula ukuhamba emigwaqweni ngosizo ubuchwepheshe besimanje (radar);

- nezijeziso zokwephula imithetho, kanye ukushayela uma sebedakiwe (izinhlawulo yemali noma bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo isikhathi esithile);

- Izinsiza kusebenza ka yokuwela yabahamba ngezinyawo nge amarobhothi.

Njalo inkampani kumele njalo ngonyaka ukuhambisa uhlelo imisebenzi ukuthi kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani izingozi emigwaqweni. Lihlanganisa pre-school, yesibili nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme. Izikole labetibambile amakilasi phezu imithetho yomgwaqo, imele othunyelwe lokho ukutshela ukuthi baziphathe kanjani abahamba ngezinyawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izakhamuzi zezwe lethu kufanele wazi ukuthi izenzo okudingeka ukwenze ngemuva kwengozi, nikwazi ukunika usizo lokuqala ukuba isisulu futhi yimuphi umthwalo ikhomishana ingozi isongela.