Luhlolo Forensic zezingozi zomgwaqo: izeluleko. luhlolo Forensic ngemuva kwengozi ukuthi kubiza malini?

Nge ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba yemilayezo izimoto ezihlukahlukene zomgwaqo lenyuka. Futhi hhayi kuphela iphutha abashayeli emotweni, kodwa futhi iphutha izitezi. Kulokhu, izibalo kanzima zibonisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezingozi emigwaqweni elihlobene ne abashayeli, ukungazi imithetho yomgwaqo noma ukwephula kwabo ngamabomu. With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe wonke umuntu ithuba lula inqubo engaqondakali ngokuthi "luhlolo forensic ezingozi." Abahamba ngezinyawo sabanjwa engozini yemoto, ingakwazi ukuheha ofakazi noma ubufakazi ukunikeza kwabezomthetho.

Kuyini Ubuchwepheshe forensic (SME)?

Eminyakeni yamuva, waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi Iningi lezingozi emgwaqeni, i-Mea ziya ngokuya ziphoqa njengoba inani labantu landa, futhi phakathi abomthetho. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuyabiza ukuthi wenziwa forensic. Ngaphezu kwalokho izidingo eziphoqelelwayo abanjalo abanekhono eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokufanayo, futhi umsebenzi wabo ikhokhelwa kahle. JMO eqinisweni kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha ezivumela ukusungula uhlobo nobukhali umonakalo, ukushayisana isikhathi, isivinini imoto, nokuningi.

Yini ebanjwa Mea?

JMO avame ukusetshenziswa izigameko emigwaqweni. I ochwepheshe, ngubani siyofeza ukungenelela eziyinkimbinkimbi yezokwelapha kumele kakhulu ukuba afanelekele. umsebenzi wabo ukusungula isikhathi isehlakalo, nokubhalisa ukulimala, ukunqunywa isivinini imoto, nokunye. D. Eqinisweni, Mea ikuvumela ukuba 'elachithwa "ukukhanya kulokho okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama ingozi futhi ukusungula zonke izimbangela futhi ngezimo zale ngozi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi odokotela forensic kungase futhi kube okungalungile. Bavame wamukela izinkonondo ngenxa ayilungile ukuzimisela ngesikhathi kwehla le ngozi, noma sabashona behamba ngezinyawo emgwaqeni, amaphutha kanye ukungalungi ekunqumeni kobukhulu ukulimala nokuningi.

Ikhaya le-SME?

Kuze kube manje, umthetho ibona Russian njengoba luhlolo izwe, ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

Ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (yangasese) olwenziwa luhlolo forensic zezingozi zomgwaqo kuleli zikahulumeni zokwelapha nochwepheshe laboratories. Ngesikhathi esifanayo luhlolo isimo wenziwa Bureau of ochwepheshe forensic ngosizo isimo.

Izimfuneko kukhona kokubili izimo okufanayo. Wonke umuntu unelungelo iphendukele Ubuchwepheshe zomthetho, kodwa kudinga emizimbeni isinqumo uphenyo noma isivivinyo.

State ngihlolwa olwenziwa ngezithukuthuku isabelomali izimali, futhi isisulu akusho chitha bo mali. Inkantolo kubonisa JMO izindleko izinkonzo, kodwa umkhuba, zonke izindleko ku isimo. Kodwa ngenkathi isimo Luhlolo olunzulo ingozi has ethile enkulu. Ukuhlola kungaba kwenziwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ochwepheshe aphoqelelwe ngumthetho ukunikeza imibono yayo ezinsukwini ezingu-ikhalenda 30 kusukela ngosuku irisidi unazo walo nhlobo amaphepha adingekayo.

Kodwa Ubuchwepheshe ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ungatijabulisa amakhasimende abo ukuntuleka emigqeni nesivinini kwezidingo kubantu. Nokho, izindleko kulokhu kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende isisulu, isimo akusho ukuvala leso sikhala. Imiphumela yocwaningo ingatholakala ngosuku olulandelayo, kanye nezindleko injabulo enjalo isukela ayizinkulungwane eziningana ukuze eziningana amashumi ezinkulungwane ruble.

Izinhlobo Medicine Forensic

Ngemva kwaleyo ngozi zonke izinto "imikhosi" ithunyelwa Mea. Ochwepheshe kukhona eziningana izinhlobo yokuhlolwa kumele kwenziwe:

1. Independent (pre-trial) luhlolo.
2. Complex, ikhomishini neluhlolo eyodwa emaceleni.
3. Re (kuba uyazikhethela) kanye nobuchwepheshe eyinhloko.

Uma imbangela yale ngozi akuzange kumenze iyiphi impikiswano zombili izinhlangothi abalimale ezingozini zomgwaqo kanye komthetho, inkantolo uzoqoka endaweni eyodwa ukudlula ngihlolwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma izimo kanye izimbangela yengozi akucacile futhi awaphumeleli ekutshaleni ukungabaza futhi impikiswano, inkantolo uyoqondisa ngabahlanganyeli JMO ikhomishana ingozi. Uma ngokuhamba uphenyo uzodinga ochwepheshe base ebanzi yolwazi mayelana nodaba oluthile, inkantolo enquma azokuqhubela luhlolo olunzulu.

Kokuqala luhlolo olunzulo ingozi kumele anikeze izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo of interest netisebenti tebulungisa. Uma izimpendulo olungalungile noma olungaphelele, inkantolo kungadinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Kodwa kabusha Mea wenziwa umcimbi ukuthi inkantolo noma yiliphi iqembu engozini kukhona ukungabaza mayelana neziqu kanye ubuchwepheshe umhloli yezokwelapha, noma idatha asetshenziswe ukuzimisela uchwepheshe ayivumelekile.

Wemisebenti lebalulekile lapho ngihlolwa forensic

Ngesikhathi uphenyo olunzulu olubanzi izingozi amaqiniso (endleleni, umphumela siyokwazisa uma isisulu noma nofakazi ukwenza isithombe ingozi), ngaphezu nezindaba jikelele (imbangela yengozi, isikhathi ukushayisana, imbangela yokufa, ubunjalo ukulimala kanye nezinga utshwala noma izidakamizwa ukudakwa) ochwepheshe kufanele uphendule ezihlukahlukene ezinye izinkinga, ikakhulukazi:

• sokunquma khona ukulimala futhi ukulimala engozini yemoto ngenxa yesandla;
• umonakalo imvelo: ukulahlekelwa pass imoto, ezihambayo, ukuhlehlisa noma yokulimala ngaphakathi imoto;
• ukusungulwa unhlangothi ukunyakaza imoto kanye neqiniso lokuthi umdwebo lohlaselwayo we endleleni;
• ekutholeni uhlobo imoto (ugibele imoto, iloli, ibhasi, ibhasi yenqola, njll ...);
• ukuhlaziya isimo impilo ohlukunyeziwe ngaphambi ngemva kwengozi;
• intuthuko imoto ubiza ikhono ikhono kubangele ezinye uhlobo ukulimala;
• ekutholeni indawo ingozi nesiqondiso imoto, futhi ekunqumeni uhlobo amasondo okuye kwadala ukulimala (bakhulise noma ngaphambili);
• sokunquma isikhundla isisulu ngesikhathi kwenzeka ingozi;
• sokunquma isivinini imoto.

Umsebenzi wokugcina ingenye ukhiye ngesikhathi Mea ngenxa yemvelo kanye nohlobo umonakalo futhi alimaze isisulu kungenziwa kunqunywa ezihambayo imoto ngejubane kuvunyelwe noma cha.

Ingakanani ukuhlolisisa forensic wezokwelapha we-izakhamuzi?

luhlolo Forensic sokonakala kuyinto ngempela ebizayo, izakhamuzi eziningi kangaka esiyicelayo, kangakanani ngeke bakhokhele ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Vele ufuna ukucacisa ukuthi, uma unquma ukuba kudlule luhlolo isimo ke ukukhokhela lutho akudingekile. Zonke izindleko luhlolo zithwalwe State. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi kunemidanti futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu kungathatha izinyanga eziningana.

Uma ungenalo uhlose balinde isikhathi eside kangako, unelungelo ukuba zisebenze non-state uchwepheshe laboratory abasebenzi ukuthi bayokujabulela namasevisi ahlobene, kodwa imali. Inani yokukhokha kuzoncika esifundeni, ukuphuthuma kanye nokugcizelela eyinkimbinkimbi. Okwamanje, izindleko isilinganiso Mea ezikhungweni ezizimele ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 10. Ruble. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eMoscow Petersburg SME ukubaluleka ongafinyelela afinyelela ku eziyinkulungwane 25. Ruble, ngenkathi izindawo ezisemakhaya kungenziwa kulinganiselwa ngaso ayizinkulungwane 2-5. Ruble.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi luhlolo forensic ngesikhathi ingozi kufanele aphendule imibuzo eminingana. Futhi ngaphezulu le mibuzo, siyoba sikhulu izindleko zokuhlinzeka izinsizakalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze bathole idatha okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho izindleko lapho ngihlolwa izinsalela, uzodinga ukuya ngqo abasebenzi yereferensi laboratory. Kuphela ikhono lakhe nimphendule ngqo futhi generalizing yombuzo: "Yeka ukuthi kungakanani ngeke Kubiza ngihlolwa?"

Ekugcineni ngingathanda ukukunika iseluleko. Ungalokothi uvakashele laboratory womuntu ongabazisayo. Ngaphambi kokuvala kuya uchwepheshe lab yangasese, funa yakhe yonke imininingwane. Cha kholwa labo ochwepheshe abazimisele ukukusiza behola imali encane. luhlolo Forensic ngemuva kwengozi - eqolo, ofuna ukuba akhokhe ngendlela efanele.