Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis kubantu: izimpawu, izindlela zokutheleleka, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

Amagciwane, eyaziwa ngokuthi Toxoplasma gondii, kungase kubangele isifo abantu nezilwane ezithile. Wathi isifo esibizwa toxoplasmosis. I izinambuzane abakubangelayo kukhona eziphilayo owumphumela ukuthi babe umjikelezo wokuphila eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi namakati abathwala lesi sifo. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu, abanye abantu besaba uthinte bese uzama kugwenywe. Kodwa izingozi ikati indle kuphela, ilapho futhi amagciwane Toxoplasma gondii. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba yigciwane uma kudliwa inyama eluhlaza ezilwaneni ezingase baye bahlatshwa umxhwele sifo. Enye indlela yokudlulisela kuyinto ukumpontshelwa igazi kumuntu ogulayo enempilo. Iphinde kungavuka utero ukutheleleka umbungu kusuka umama ogulayo. Kodwa ubisi lwebele ayisaxhunyanisiwe ngocansi toxoplasmosis.

Cats kungaba batheleleke nge sifo ngokudla izilwane ezigulayo. Phela, kungaba abathwali izinyoni, namagundane. Izilwane ezifuywayo kungaba batheleleke ngekudla inyama ebomvu nezinye izilwane. Cats kukhona Sebawoti esichazayo ezidala, okungukuthi esiswini yabo Toxoplasma iqala wokuba ande, izilokazane ezincane imvelo ziyakhokhwa ne indle.

Indoda iyona kuphela aphethe Lesisemkhatsini amagciwane. Uma emzimbeni, Toxoplasma gondii kungaba aluka egazini zibekwe imisipha, ingqondo, amehlo nezinye izicubu. Ayayona amaseli bese yakha umgodi therein - izinhlumba noma pseudocysts. Futhi, bangase yakha kaltsinaty - izimuncagazi kuthiwa ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-calcium nosawoti.

izimpawu

kuphela ngemuva zocwaningo laboratory ungenza uphethwe eziqondile. Uma serum uzobe amasosha omzimba Kutholwe Toxoplasma gondii, ukuze kamuva sikhulume ngalokho ncamashi abagulayo. Ingozi yesifo siwukuthi ngokuvamile asymptomatic. Ngakho-ke, abantu abazi ukuthi bangase babe toxoplasmosis. Izimpawu akuvamile kungenzeka abantu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka labo bantu isidumbu sesibuthakathaka ngomunye isifo.

Ngakho, ungakwazi iphunga rat uma:

• lakhulisiwe axillary lymph node, bona okungase kuthintwe - ziyafana kumiswa round Friend;

• lokushisa uyanda - ngokuvamile kwenzeka subfebrile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ongafinyelela ezingeni degrees 39;

• wezwa ubuhlungu ngakwesokudla quadrant engenhla, ngesikhathi esifanayo ku ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ubukhulu isibindi ubende anda.

Lesi sifo kungase kuhambisane ngobuthakathaka ubuhlungu bemisipha. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo akusho ukuzibonakalisa, isigaba salo acute kukhona asymptomatic ngoba amasonto ambalwa.

izinhlobo toxoplasmosis

Odokotela izinhlobonhlobo eziningana lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, onguchwepheshe inhlolovo ungakwazi ukuxilonga azalwa naso, ocular, ezivamile, i-cerebral, toxoplasmosis acute, futhi lesi sifo sihlasela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngamunye the subtypes lesi sifo inezimpawu lalo. Ukwazi kwabo, udokotela angase usola ethile toxoplasmosis. Izimpawu kubantu, isibonelo, uhlobo cerebral yesifo kungenzeka kanje:

• Ikhanda, ngenxa yobuthakathaka;

• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezindaweni ezithile emzimbeni;

• lokujabulela izikhonkwane kanye izinaliti;

• ukukhubazeka.

Ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho toxoplasmosis umuntu angase awele equlekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwale ezihlukahlukene isifo kungenzeka abantu buthaka omzimba, it is okwatholakala umthetho, in iziguli AIDS, e abanomdlavuza emva nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izifo.

Kwezinye izimo, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo toxoplasmosis ocular. Izithombe zabantu abaphethwe izinkinga ezinjalo, ungavumeli ukuhlonza isifo. It livezwa ubuhlungu kanye nomuzwa "inkungu" emehlweni, kwehle acuity ezibukwayo, imizwa nokuqubuka. Ngezinye izikhathi la magciwane angaholela ekutheni ukuqedela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Ngokuvamile, isifo samehlo siwukubonakaliswa ifomu azalwa naso lesi sifo.

Ngo abantu, izivikeli mzimba eyenziwa buthaka ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma AIDS, toxoplasmosis singenzeka ngokuvamile. Izimpawu kubantu ngesikhathi esisodwa benza atiwe. Phela, le ndlela lesi sifo sihlasela imisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo emaphashini. Izitho ezibalulekile bangaba elikhanyayo futhi ziyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu ekugcineni zingase zibangele ngisho nokufa.

Izinkinga ngesikhathi ekhulelwe

Zonke omama abakhulelwe gynecologists ukuncoma ukuhlola uma bayagula ngesifo, njengabo toxoplasmosis. Izimpawu kubantu ngokuvamile wezwakalisa, ngakho okhulelwe angase ngisho bazi ukuthi uye wabanjwa. Yiqiniso, uma umama okhulelwe owayesegule ngaphambi nje ebamba isisu imvuthu ke isifo singakabi eziyingozi ezingenzeka embungwini. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela edabukisayo. I esiyingozi kakhulu kuyinto ngegciwane senyanga yokuqala.

Ngakho, toxoplasmosis kungabangela ukufa kwesisu noma fetus utero. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itheleleke e utero izingane zingase zife ngenxa yalokho ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma ingane ikwazi ukusinda, impilo yabo kungabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki toxoplasmosis. Izithombe izingane zihlukile, ngoba isifo kubangela eziningi kombungu esizalweni. Ngakho, kuyo yonke imiphumela ukutheleleka intrauterine zihlanganisa:

- ukuvuvukala retina nezincane izitsha ngaphakathi - chorioretinitis (lungabangela ubumpumputhe);

- ubuthulu;

- anda ubukhulu ubende kanye isibindi;

- uzloobraznuyu obomvu ukuqubuka emzimbeni;

- jaundice, lapho ukushintsha umbala sclera amehlo, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye isikhumba imvuthu;

- ubukhulu ongalingani kwekhanda kuzalwa: kungase kube kuncane kakhulu noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphezulu;

- alibale enganeni.

Inkambo sifo abadala

Uma umuntu nge amasosha omzimba evamile etheleleka toxoplasmosis, lesi sifo singumbulali Cishe, awusebenzi ukuzibonakalisa. Angase abe nomuzwa ubuthakathaka obuthile kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi izinga lokushisa ongasukuma ukuze subfebrile amagugu. Kodwa isimo esinjalo othile singenakwenzeka Kuyozwakala umqondo wokuthi udinga ukuthi zihlolelwe toxoplasmosis.

Uma owesifazane onengculazi phambi ekhulelwe, umntwana akuyona asengozini. Bheka ngokuqondene nesikhathi okucatshangelwa ukuthi ukutheleleka ukusiza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngezinye ukuhlolwa igazi udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba nginikeze i-izihloko ezimbalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, IgG amasosha Toxoplasma bathi ukutheleleka wathutha isikhathi eside, futhi bezazisa amasosha omzimba. Kodwa Igm titer ibonisa ukuthi lesi sifo lesiRotuma emzimbeni. Ngakho, la masosha omzimba ukuvela ngemuva cishe 2 amaviki emva kokutheleleka futhi kancane kancane phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi amagugu evamile.

Umzabalazo Yemvelo umzimba

Lapho umzimba womuntu uthola amagciwane Toxoplasma gondii, amasosha omzimba nawo angeke bahlala banganandaba. Sivuma into angaphandle futhi iqala ukukhiqiza izinto ezikhethekile, okuhloswe ngaso ukucindezelwa yayo. Lokhu immunoglobulin, ayisiza noma amasosha omzimba. Ngamunye sub-zilwane uchayeke antigen eyodwa kuphela, lapho beshada, bakuthola bese uxhuma nalo. Ngakho, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esilwa ukutheleleka, futhi igazi isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphila, ukulondolozwa IgG amasosha Toxoplasma gondii.

Okungukuthi, ukuba khona la masosha omzimba kubonisa kuphela ukuthi umzimba yake ngegciwane, futhi okwamanje wahlala liphinde libe nayo. Ngomqondo onabile, lena impendulo yombuzo othi lokho kusho ukuthini Toxoplasma gondii e cwaningo. Ngisho noma ithola kubo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akwenzi mqondo ukwethuka. Kunalokho, khona IgG futhi Igm yokushoda kobufakazi ukuthi ukutheleleka yenzeka khona esikhathini eside, futhi umama esizayo athuthukile amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kabusha itheleleke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingane engakwazi. Ngakho-ke, ingane usesimweni esinjalo akuyona asengozini.

sitholakele isifo

Anqume ukuthi bukhona yini emzimbeni anti Toxoplasma gondii, ungasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi emithambo yegazi. Le ndlela serological kusekelwe yokuthi serum amasosha ukuthola ubukhona ukutheleleka. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa oluphelele kungcono ukuhlola zonke immunoglobulin, ayisiza ukuba lezi zifo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuntuleka Toxoplasma gondii lgG namanje akusho ukuthi umuntu enempilo. La masosha omzimba akhiqizwa ngokushesha. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi lenyuke Igm titers. Uma leli nani liphindeke overstated, ukutheleleka kwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa edlule. Njengoba Ungowokuqala okuxhunyanwa naye namagciwane kwakungelona izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-3. Kodwa-ke nxa ekhona uhla evamile, lihambisana amagugu ejwayelekile IgG ke umuntu cishe kunazo never abagulayo kanye toxoplasmosis.

Ngegciwane Ezinyangeni eziwu 12 ezedlule kungase kubonise ukuthi kukhona ekilasini G amasosha Toxoplasma lihambisana Igm titers e serum. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lolu lwazi akwanele. Odokotela kubalulekile ukuthola indlela uvalwe le omzimba ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi antigen. Ukushesha umzimba wahlangana ukutheleleka, ayanda lokhu umthamo. Lezi izindawo abophezele antigen ochwepheshe ngokuthi avidity Toxoplasma.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi yini okufanele ezingeni omzimba, kunzima, ngoba laboratories ezahlukene lokubeka izindinganiso zabo izinkomba. Ngaso sonke isikhathi siboniswa imiphumela yocwaningo. Linganisa imiphumela yokuhlaziya udokotela kuphela ngeke kuphela ukwazi ukuthi idatha bengafani kuyinsakavukela khona, kodwa futhi kufanele uqonde ukuthi bamele titers ka IgG futhi Igm.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ukwazi aphathe avidity ka Toxoplasma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma kuphezulu futhi ezingaphezu kuka-40% ekupheleni senyanga yokuqala, umama okhulelwe itheleleke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingane luqedwe. Kodwa ngisho avidity ongaphakeme akusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka kamuva. Kulokhu kutuswa ukuba thatha futhi bamba futhi ukuhlaziywa e amaviki ambalwa ukuthola indlela ukusebenza ishintshile. Ngesisekelo le ashukumisayo singafinyelela eziphethweni ezithile mayelana komkhawulo ukutheleleka.

izifundo abesifazane abakhulelwe

Ukuqeda kungenzeka ukutheleleka intrauterine of imvuthu, kubalulekile ukuba sihlole omama abakhulelwe. Lokhu kwenziwa, njengoba umthetho, ekupheleni senyanga yokuqala. Le nkathi wakhethwa ithuba, ngoba kuyingozi kakhulu ukutheleleka kuyinto ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala. Ngisho noma umama okhulelwe ungenwa ngolunye usuku, akusiyo kuyingozi kangaka empilweni imvuthu yayo.

Kodwa ngisho noma wamiswa ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe esigabeni okukhulu toxoplasmosis amasosha omzimba atholakala serum igazi, akusho ukuthi ngempela kufanele asikhiphe isisu. Nakuba ngokuvamile odokotela e senyanga yokuqala bagcizelele kule nqubo.

Ngaphezu amasosha omzimba, kuchazwa avidity. Uma zonke imiphumela iyadumaza, nakho konke kubonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemva kokubamba ingane, kunengqondo ukuhlola-amniotic fluid.

Lena indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi kukhona ingozi intrauterine izilonda imvuthu. Uma umama okhulelwe ku analysis omuhle ka-toxoplasmosis, futhi okuye kwaziwa amazinga aphakeme Igm amasosha omzimba, lo dokotela uyoncoma PCR ukuhlola. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenze wokubhoboza besisu nokuthola amniotic fluid. Kwakuthinta ihlolwe ngokuhlola ukuthi ikhona wakhe DNA Toxoplasma izimuncagazi. Uma-amniotic fluid ke kusobala ukukhuluma mayelana nokwenzeka ukutheleleka umbungu akwenzi mqondo: ingane enempilo, ngisho noma umama kwadingeka amasosha Toxoplasma.

izindlela zokuxilonga

Isikhathi esining impela, kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo, ochwepheshe batusa, ngaphezu ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nolunye uvivinyo. Basuke kwadingeka kwezinhlelo ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani isifo esinjengo Toxoplasma. Amasosha omzimba kungatholakala kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zalo.

Linganisela degree ukutheleleka emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa tomography kukhompyutha noma zenuzi resonance kazibuthe. Lezi ucwaningo lwembula izilonda ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni, uma kusolakala ukuthi ukutheleleka washaywa lesi sitho ethile.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezingavamile for olunembile ukufakwa uphethwe usebenzisa biopsy. Lokhu kuhlaziya, lapho ingxenye yezitho zomzimba onesifo esithathwayo futhi kuhlolwa ngokuningiliziwe ngesibonakhulu.

ekuvimbeleni izifo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu nge amasosha omzimba evamile wathi isifo akuyona ezimbi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi bazivikele ke. Kumele kukhunjulwe mayelana lokuvikela ukungalokothi ufunde indlela sibonakalise toxoplasmosis. Izimpawu kubantu kungenzeka anyakaza, kodwa ezimweni ezingajwayelekile sifo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina.

Omunye ukuqaphela main ukunciphisa ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi izinyoni namagundane. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba uzame inyama eluhlaza, inyama nengulube. imikhiqizo enjalo kumelwe ibhekane ukwelashwa ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 77 degrees. Ngo ukunakekelwa amakati ukuthi kukhona Sebawoti lezi izinambuzane kuyinto efiselekayo ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo excrements yabo. Ngemva ukuhlanza indlu yangasese kufanele begeza izandla zakho. Ngokuvamile lezi zinyathelo zanele ungalokothi ufunde indlela toxoplasmosis singenzeka. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu - nokugeza izandla ngokuphelele phambi futhi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi nangemva ukupheka.

Uma une ikati ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi musa uthinte ukudla yakho cha, singayi ezibhebheni. Ngempela, kulesi simo, asikwazi ngakususi ingress nezilwanyana ezincane ngokuvula anal sesilwane ku ukudla kwakho.

Abaningi bakholelwa akudingekile ukugeza imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo kanye namakhambi. Ezimweni eziningi, imikhiqizo ukuthengwa kwezincwadi ku-abantu emakethe abangu engahashazanga, kodwa abanikazi elijabulisayo iziza engadini uncamela udle izithelo ngqo kusuka engadini noma emthini. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi babengathola ukutheleleka kusuka izinyoni noma namagundane.

Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi toxoplasmosis angadluliselwa ngokuya ocansini olungavikelekile. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa ukusebenzisa izindlela okuvimbelayo inzalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukulingana abesilisa amakhondomu abesifazane.

ukwelashwa

Ekhuluma isidingo sokwelashwa, abantu abaningi ukhohlwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukukhomba titer ka Toxoplasma gondii IgG (HIV). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isifo isidlulile uyaziqaphela endoda ngokwayo. Kwakungenxa nje ngenxa ucwaningo wakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi isiguli uye kade egula, kepha bebeye amasosha omzimba. Phatha wembula IgG amasosha omzimba kanti akunjalo. Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi uma odokotela musa anikeze isiguli imithi ekuhlonzeni lezi immunoglobulin, ayisiza, wavele akafuni ukubhekana nazo. Lena ngokuphelele iphuzu okungalungile umbono. Imiphumela Okufanayo - kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba wamelana namagciwane sisaba itheleleke.

I kuphakame isidingo sokwelashwa kuphela ezimweni ezithile lapho i ezingeni Igm amasosha omzimba ephakeme. Ngakho, ukwelashwa iba kuphoqelekile abantu buthaka omzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba awukwazi namasosha esanele ulwe namagciwane. Futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka umbungu futhi aphathe abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele ifomu acute lesi sifo sekutholakale. Ngokukhethekile ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezizalwa ngubani batheleleke e utero. Odokotela benza konke okusemandleni ukuze avimbele ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga e imvuthu.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi linqume ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukucacisa lapho amasosha omzimba zitholiwe. Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka kuphela ezimweni lapho bekubona titers eziphakeme Igm, futhi liboniswa isimo sempilo yomuntu. Ukwelashwa okwenziwe nge ejenti eziningana elwa namagciwane, ukukhetha elilungile ukwelashwa lwemithi.

Uma lesi sifo isidlulile efomini okungamahlalakhona izidakamizwa akudingeki umphumela oyifunayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imithi yokwelashwa iqondiswa, njengoba umthetho, ukuze uqinise amasosha omzimba.

Ukuze iwukudambisa esigabeni oyingozi ukusetshenziswa umuthi onjalo, njengoba "Pyrimethamine" (futhi ishicilelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Daraprim"). Kuyadingeka ukuthatha Yiqiniso, udokotela abakhethiwe. Lo chwepheshe ingagunyaza ukuba baphuze amaphilisi amaviki 4 ngokuqhubekayo, noma ukwenza emasethi lambalwa kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Leli thuluzi iqondiswa lihambisana izidakamizwa ezifana "Sulfadiazine". Ngokuvamile, abantu abadala kunconywa ukuthatha imithi "Pyrimethamine" umthamo 25 mg, futhi "Sulfadiazine" - 1 g izikhathi 2 ngosuku.

Ngaphandle kwalezi kusho izidakamizwa "clindamycin" ingase yabelwe. Wathola ngaphezu okungenhla.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe batheleleke kokukhula kwayo ngemva kokukhulelwa, akunikeze imithi "Spiramycin". Isenzo yalesi izidakamizwa kuhloswe ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudlulisela ngu mpo - kusukela umama ogulayo ezingenzeka embungwini.

Eye ukulimala, esadaleka ngenxa umntwana utero ukutheleleka, kufanele luphathwe glucocorticosteroids. Ngenxa yalesi ukulungiselela "prednisolone" lingasetshenziswa. Isisiza isimo nge chorioretinitis.

Uma Toxoplasma gondii IgG omuhle ke ilapha lezo zifo akunandaba mqondo. Ukwelashwa kufanele okuhloswe ngazo lula isimo lesiguli. Kodwa kubalulekile uma isifo kuye kwabangela abanye ukulimala kwemizwa uhlelo, ubuchopho, amehlo, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, noma ezinye izitho.