Tass: izifinyezo sokuqonda

Cabanga ukuthi inkinga eziwubala: "Indlela wokufunda esithi tass?"

Kuyini isifinyezo?

Leli gama lisuselwa abbreviatura Italian Latin Brevis - iDemo. Esikhathini izincwadi ezindala futhi yesandla okuthiwa isipelingi esifushanisiwe noma amaqembu yalo. Namuhla, isifinyezo isho noma yiluphi ukusikwa amagama, noma inhlanganisela yawo. Abaningi babo, uma sikuqonda futhi ajwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi kabanzi abezindaba futhi izincwadi etholakalayo. Akekho ongabaza sokuqonda izifinyezo esikoleni esiphakeme (esikoleni esiphakeme) noma CPSU (Communist Party kweSoviet Union). Kukhona ukusikeka ezingajwayelekile kanye kuphela izincwadi professional. Lezi kanye nezifinyezo yabo sokuqonda ngokuvamile eqoqwe in a isahluko esisodwa Publishing (Izifinyezo) noma chaza indlela inshokutsi zabo lapho kusetshenziswa umbhalo esihlokweni sokuqala noma incwadi, isibonelo , "kahle" (CAP).

Nokho, baningana tetifinyeto ukuthi ungakwazi kahle wokufunda kuphela uma wazi umlando ukuvela nokuthuthuka kwazo. Ukuze lokhu isifinyezo osebenza tass.

sokuqonda kokuqala

Ukuvela izifinyezo tass kwenzeka ngo-1925, ngesikhathi ngesisekelo Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA), isikhulu Ukwaziswa isikhungo weRiphabhulikhi inyunyana ye RSFSR, wadalwa Telegraph Agency we-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (tass). Wathunyelwa ilungelo elehlukile zokusakaza ulwazi mayelana nemicimbi ngaphandle kweSoviet Union.

Isakhiwo ejensi inhlangano sakhiwe izindaba ejensi beniyingxenye eSoviet Union republic: rata (Ukraine), KazTAG (Kazakhstan), BELTA (Byelorussia), UzTAG (Uzbekistan), Gruzinform (Georgia), ATEM (Moldova), Azerinform (Azerbaijan), ELTA (Lithuania ) Latinform (Latvia), KyrTAG (Kyrgyzstan), TadzhikTA (Tajikistan), Armenpress (Armenia), TURKMENinform (Turkmenistan), i-ETA (Estonia), kanye KarelfinTAG (esikhathini 1940-1956 GG.). Nokho, babengaliqondi bekwi-nokusabalalisa ulwazi kuphela ngaphakathi izinhlangano zabo indawo.

Esikhathini kusuka 1945 kuya ku-1991 kwakunokwenzeka ukuba iqiniseke ukuthi izakhamuzi zethu ngeke uphendula lo mbuzo: "tass kanjani imele?" Kwaba lula njengoba kabili ezimbili ezine. Izakhamuzi eziningi kokubili eSoviet Union nangale ziqine kwagxila ezisenkumbulweni enamandla futhi izwi ekhumbulekayo tass, sokuqonda izifinyezo okwakukhona ecacile neqondakalayo bonke - Telegraph Agency zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Phela, ngokuvamile ukuze lavela emisakazweni nakumathelevishini kwakuzwakala nkulumo kanje: "tass egunyazwe ukumemezela ..."

Le nhlangano ingeyamakhosi izikhungo ngobukhulu idatha emhlabeni. Lalinama Amahhovisi 682 umlobeli kuleli zwe kanye namahhovisi engaphezu kuka-90 kwelinye izwe, emhlabeni wonke abaye basebenza izintatheli ezingaphezu kuka yizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu photojournalists tass.

Igama elisha

Ngo-January 1992, mayelana nesigameko Ukuhamba kusuka emhlabeni kwezepolitiki eSoviet Union, ngesisekelo ejensi kwamiswa tass Imininingwane Telegraph Agency Russia (Itar-tass). Isifinyezo lokhu kwakuhlanganisa Imi odlule. ESoviet Union ayisekho ayekhona. kufanele baqonde manje kanjani izwi tass? Ukususa ukubethela manje lisho ukuthi "izindaba ejensi ithi eNgophezukonke." Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka emelela iye wasigcina isihloko esisha ngoba sha ethandwa wayebhekwa nokuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, kanye ezihlobene ngokuqondile eRussia. Akunandaba, eSoviet Union kwaba yini noma cha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo abezindaba ne igama elisha empeleni owalandela kokuphindela eSoviet Union Telegraph Agency, okuyinto waqinisekiswa esinqumweni Russian uMongameli Eltsina B. N. mhlaka-22 Disemba, 1993 № 2257.

Kodwa namuhla akusilo elilodwa ngisho eRussia impendulo ilungelo lo mbuzo: "Uyini Itar-tass yezindaba? Sokuqonda izifinyezo libukeka? "

Incazelo emfushane Itar-tass

Kuze kube muva nje, kwaba kwekulu Russian News Agency, okuqondene elite abezindaba isikhungo emhlabeni belingana Reuters, i-Associated Press futhi Agence France-Presse. amasevisi ayo zeza ukuzobika ngaleso senzakalo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukugeleza izindaba ezivela ejensi of isinyathelo ngesiRashiya, isiNgisi, iSpanishi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi kanye Arabhu. ezemidlalo ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, amasiko kanye Russia nezwe zokuphila ehlanganiswa cishe 200 imikhiqizo yayo ngezikhathi ezithile ulwazi.

Kusukela ngo-1995, i-ejensi Itar-tass izindaba ezishicilelwe United nomunye 34 yokusebenza tape, Boneka izindaba olunzulu eRussia kanye nezwe lapho nsuku zonke idluliselwa kuze kube imiyalezo 650. Lonke inani Imininingwane ngocansi okulingana 300 iphephandaba amakhasi ngosuku.

I-Ejensi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke e-Russian fotofondom zomlando (izithombe ezingaphezu kwesigidi futhi ezingezinhle), okuyinto njalo olusha kanye izinkulungwane izithombe digital. At onawo wakhe it has a ulwazi isisetshenziswa Isikhwama database electronic esiyingqayizivele, yolwazi ezikhethekile emkhakheni wezomnotho kanye nezinye yolwazi kolwazi equkethe izigidi imibhalo.

I Itar-tass izindaba inethiwekhi siqukethe 42 izindawo kanye namahhovisi umlobeli eRussia. 75 kuphela angaphandle ohambweni ejensi has ezazivela kuka-500.

Ukuletha ulwazi isikhungo abezindaba Kwenziwa kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane eziningana ababhalisile collective eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane media Izitolo, izikhungo eziningi, imitapo yezincwadi, izinhlangano zezesayensi ezemfundo.

Buyela esikhathini esidlule

Ngo-March 2014 emhlanganweni wekomidi ekuhlelweni ku belungiselela iminyaka engu-le-110 le-ejensi, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi paneer ephindela igama elidala - tass. Sokuqonda ngokwemvelo has ukushintsha, ngoba waseSoviet Union njengenkolo isimo, ayisekho. Leligxathu asisekela sithathwe ngokuhlanganyelwa. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi isinqumo zizokwenziwa emva ukuvunyelwa umsunguli Ukushintshwa kwegama ejensi - uhulumeni waseRussia.

Kusukela umlando tass

"Kodwa kungani iminyaka 110?" - You buza. Igama tass wabonakala ngo-1925. Empeleni, ekuqaleni komlando waso, ejensi oqhubeka nge ukuvela ngo-1904 we Petersburg Telegraph Agency (SPTA), uqambe kabusha ngo-1914 e Petrograd Telegraph Agency (Pta), wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngo-1918. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi simo sidalwe UKUKHULA, kakade okukhulunywe ngabo kulesi sihloko.

Tass - sokuqonda izifinyezo namuhla

Ngo 2013 ezaqedwa RIA "Izindaba" (ku kwesisekelo salo ejensi kwakhiwa "Russia Namuhla", okuyinto osakaza phesheya). Itar-tass isibe kuphela isimo yezindaba eRussia. Ngo-September 2014 waqala kwathatha Itar-tass namanje brand - tass. Sokuqonda izifinyezo yesimanje ngefomu ngokugcwele manje ifana "Russian News Agency tass» / «Russian News Agency tass». Inguquko kufanele libe seliqediwe ngo ekupheleni 2015.

olusha amalogo ejensi kakade liyasetshenziswa umklamo kolwazi amateyipu, izincwadi, iwebhusayithi kanye nabanye.

Ukufunda lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuba uphendule le mibuzo elandelayo: "tass imele kanjani?" Futhi "Ingabe lo umbuzo eziwubala manje?"