Suzdal, Pokrovsky Monastery: umlando, incazelo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Kude lé nemingcele yezwe lethu idume amasayithi kwalo ngokomlando muzi wasendulo Russian of Suzdal. lesikhumbuzo ngamunye, esisogwini ezweni, ngaphandle ihaba ngokuthi ubuciko hhayi kuphela iRussia kuphela kodwa izwe izakhiwo.

Namuhla sifuna ukukumema esohambweni virtual Suzdal. Pokrovsky Monastery Sinesithakazelo esikhulu izivakashi, ngakho-ke sizobe uvakashele sezindela.

indawo

Isigodlo isendaweni osebeni olunothile Kamenka River, ethwala amanzi awo kanye Suzdal. izakhiwo White, esisogwini edlelweni, exhunywe sezindela ezinye ngiyaphupha ukubukwa fabulous. Futhi ngempela Kamenka - emfuleni muhle, ikakhulukazi ngo-June, lapho embozwe zom iminduze. Sazisa bonke labo uhlela ukuvakashela Pokrovsky Monastery (Suzdal) ikheli Sezindela: ul. Intercession, 76.

Umlando Isigodlo

Izindonga kulendlu lasendulo yombango izimfihlo eziningi amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto namanje sivuse isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi mlando nabacwaningi. Iqiniso lokuthi Isigodlo Pokrovsky awuzange yokuhlala ngomqondo evamile yaleli gama: it is ukukhonza ukuphila isixhumanisi nabesifazane asebeneminyaka efanele ephezulu. Ngokuvamile abayi wadingiswa lapha ezinye izono ethuneni, kodwa kuphela ngenxa babecela othile ukuba balahle kubo. izindelakazi Ephoqelekile whiled kude izinsalela ezimpilweni zabo kumaseli ukhuni, isiphetho sabo kokuvalelwa, ngakho Isigodlo khona Crypt komhlaba, lapho eseqedile yakhe yasemhlabeni Yiqiniso ngeshwa.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukubukeka kwabo oNgcwele Virgin Monastery (Suzdal) liyadingeka isimangaliso. Njengoba le nganekwane wasendulo, Prince Andrew K. waya ezweni lakubo ka Nizhny Novgorod, lapho isivunguvungu amandla engakaze ibonwe. Prince wathembisa ukuthi uma kungenzeka asinde kulokhu kugula, khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi wakha emzini wakubo abode Izigodlo. Kufanele bazitshela ukuthi uhambo yaqedwa ngempumelelo njengoba e 1364 waqala ukwakha intercession Monastery (Suzdal) ebhange ozwakala eMfuleni Kamenka. Umlando Isigodlo ibalwa nge 1364.

Zenith St Pokrovsky Monastery (Suzdal) safinyelela phakathi nokubusa Vasily III. Yanikela Isigodlo ekuqaleni XVI leminyaka, izindodla zemali eziye zasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni esekhona oNgcwele Gates ne St Basil Cathedral, hhayi ezicijile walondoloza namaseli.

ndela ongaqondakali

Omunye wabantu bokuqala esiphawulekayo iziboshwa zesifazane sezindela waba mfazi Vasily III Solomonia Saburova - Grand Duchess. Ngo-1525 Vasily III usegxeke nomkakhe, yena waphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili e nenzalo. Yena ophoqelelwe zakhe njengoba yindelakazi kuthunyelwe Pokrovsky Monastery. Ngalezo zinsuku, isehlukaniso ingenzeka kanjani, futhi ukuthola kusukela izikhulu zesonto imvume komunye umshado, Vasily III inike izimali omkhulu sokuthuthukiswa yesigodlo.

Nokho, ngokushesha yaba sobala ukuthi Basil III emangalelwa ukungazali uye waba yize. Lokhu okulandelayo kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva izifungo, noSolomon, wazala indodana, kodwa ngenxa yokwesaba namaqhinga amasha umka owayengumyeni wakhe Eleny Glinskoy (umama ikusasa Ivan le Kubi), waphoqeleka ukubika ukufa yenkosana.

Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi USolomoni wathumela ingane YaseCrimea Khan, kamuva waba nendima emlandweni, eyaduma njengesela Kudeyar. Ngemva izifungo Solomonia Sofia wathola igama isonto abagcotshwa njengoba St ngemva kokufa Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Kamuva, kwabonakala umxhasi Suzdal.

Umlando alandelayo sezindela

Ngo-1551, lapho indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka ushone Ivana Groznogo, Conception isonto kabusha lakhiwa komyalo wakhe, owathatha ngemva agugile ngesikhathi isakhiwo sokhuni (XIV ekhulwini). Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba ke ingezwe kakhulu kamuva (XVII leminyaka.). Ngesikhathi esigodlweni sezindela kwakukhona eqhugwaneni futhi baqhubeka ukwakhiwa kocingo, elaqala ekhulwini XVI.

Suzdal, Pokrovsky Monastery ekhulwini XX

Njengabantu abaningi yezindawo yokukhulekela eRussia, yesigodlo yavalwa antshontsha ngo-1923. Kusukela ngo-1933, kwaba khona begazi impi laboratory, Bureau of Special Purpose GPU - inhlangano lapho iziboshwa wasebenza. Lezi Babegogodile ochwepheshe amakhono ehlukene. Bonke bekwi ukwenza izikhali ezingamagciwane. Ngo-1935, iziboshwa B. Ya. Elbert futhi NA Gai wadala lapha wokugoma ngokumelene tularemia. Laboratory wasebenza phezu sezindela kuze 1936.

Ngo sixties kwekhulu elidlule ezakhiweni Izigodlo Kwakuseshwa umsebenzi wokuvuselela, futhi kamuva base Museum nemibukiso. In the Eighties sekwephuzile itholakala eziyinkimbinkimbi izivakashi, okwakuwuphawu yokudlela futhi ibha, e Cathedral omangalisayo intercession kwaba ihholo ekhonsathini. Kukhona ngisho uvele ehhotela izivakashi, kodwa sizokutshela ngayo kamuva.

Ngo nineties, izinguquko ezenzekayo kuleli zwe, abathintekayo emzini Suzdal. Pokrovsky wezindela 1992, waphindiselwa isonto, uye savuka amandla wokuphila Izigodlo. Namuhla Isigodlo ukusebenza. Ungumnikazi lombhishobhi, izindlu, almshouses ekwakheni, eqhugwaneni-cells.

izakhiwo

Izakhiwo zokuqala we sezindela babe lokhuni. Namuhla sibona izakhiwo wakamuva kakhulu, okuyinto ochwepheshe bathi ngekhulu XVI. izindonga zawo zamatshe White, izakhiwo ezimangalisayo ehlanganisa elementi ubudala Russian futhi Western, decor elicwengiwe.

Kodwa-ke, lesikhumbuzo emaphakathi lokhu Ensemble elimangalisayo iyona Pokrovsky Cathedral Pokrovsky wezindela Suzdal. Yakhiwa 1518 kusayithi yesonto lokhuni. Ngeshwa, amagama amakhosi awazange igcinwe umlando. Lena omkhulu emine insika isakhiwo nokuba sekhaya okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi lizungezwe igalari ezimbili storey evulekile ezinhlangothini ezintathu, lapho kukhona izitebhisi ezimbili enompheme.

Kusukela emfuleni ukuze isakhiwo adjoins engcwele amafasitela okusezingeni eliphezulu elise kude ezijulile. Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba ahlukaniswe amakholomu bushelelezi futhi ihlobise cornice ezibaziweyo fake bafaniswe. Kwenzeka umklamo imigqomo ukukhanya, Okuthwesa umqhele cupola nesigqoko sokuzivikela. Izindonga lombhishobhi, ihlukaniswe izindwani ezintathu. Ayiqeda zakomars keel.

The elingaphakathi lombhishobhi kuyinto ngempela esiqinile: ku izindonga zaba mhlophe ungenalo Umdwebo yendabuko, abamnyama izibuya tiled. I umhlobiso main wezangaphakathi bekulokhu langa imifanekiso futhi enkulu efekethisiwe kwezobuciko. Ezinye zalezi zinto kuyabonakala namuhla Museum of sezindela. Cathedral lavuselelwa izikhathi eziningi emlandweni walo eside, kodwa ukubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni kwabuyiselwa ngo-1962.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

1. Leli thempeli kwaba endaweni yokungcwaba amasisitela eziningi esiphawulekayo yesigodlo.
2. Okukhulu kakhulu futhi isonto ngesikhathi ukugujwa tercentenary we Romanov lwamakhosi wavakashela UNikolai II.
3. Entwasahlobo ka-1994 umbhishobhi omkhulu Suzdal futhi Vladimirskiy Evlogy yangcwelisa Cathedral of the lokulabhela Virgin. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, entsha I emine iconostasis wamiswa lapha, okuyinto lihlotshiswe imifanekiso, owabhala zezindela.

belfry

Lesi sakhiwo ngokushesha ubone wonke umuntu oza Suzdal. Pokrovsky sezindela yinhle kakhulu isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye sesonto. ingxenye yayo ephansi stolpoobraznaya isonto elakhiwa ngo 1515. Kwaba octagonal, isipikili ngokwenza cupola. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu XVII esontweni yayakhiwe phezu uqimba arched, okuyinto kuhlangene imi eduze kocingo, futhi kwahlonywa itende okusezingeni eliphezulu, elalihlotshiswe ngezinhla ezintathu amawindi dormer in the ifremu.

igalari Ehlanganisiwe ngokuxhumanisa umbhoshongo isikhencezo lombhishobhi, elinesimo Decor elicwengisiswe: archways ezimbili zokuqala rustication wabaphakamisa kanye namafasitela anezinhlaka nge casings nenhle ihlukaniswe pilasters rusticated.

amasango ongcwele

Esinye isakhiwo of sezindela sasendulo kukhona Gate Ongcwele futhi Gate Church. Lezi zakhiwo futhi ezihlobene 1515. Amasango uhlukile, okokuqala kunakho konke, imisebenzi yazo: base befile bobabili esontweni futhi inqaba umbhoshongo enamandla.

isonto Treglavaya sise phezulu quadrangle, okuyinto usike ngu ukuvuleka ezimbili arched, kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile jikelele kufana kakhulu zomhlangano we Pokrovsky Cathedral. Ezingosini yesonto kukhona yesonto ezimbili ezincane, okuyinto ethwele izigubhu ukukhanya nangesigqoko-domes, futhi central, ama-drum okukhulu okuningi nge amafasitela ewumngcingo uncika eziyizitezi ezimbili zakomar.

Izindonga zangaphandle ahlotshiswe Decor eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi sifana woodcarving. Isango Church, futhi, ngokuphindaphindiwe kabusha, kodwa ngo-1958, umsebenzi wokuvuselela kwenziwa AD iphrojekthi Varganova, wabuyela ukubukeka yokuqala lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele.

Trapeznaya Pokrovsky esigodlweni (Suzdal)

Lesi sakhiwo, etholakala enyakatho Pokrovsky Cathedral, has kuningi enifana ngakho Poland kuka nemiklamo yezakhiwo Russian. Yakhiwa ngo-1551. Ngu ifomu esiqinile nesakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili ekamelweni lokudlela eduze kuyinto Conception isonto mncane impela, okuyinto bungabonakala a cupola encane. vaults Massive ihholo Refectory, elise esitezi sesibili, ukusekela insika, simi phakathi nendawo.

Esitezi labelwa ukuba ibhizinisi emagcekeni. I umhlobiso kuphela kwalesi sakhiwo kungenziwa ngokuthi nomhlobiso ngesimo lozenges obomvu isitini, imvilophu emhlabeni azungezwe isakhiwo. Ngecala lasentshonalanga kukhona belfry olunezinhlangothi.

Refectory e Pokrovsky Monastery (Suzdal) isetshenziselwe azungezwe izindlu eziningana. Single-storey eqhugwaneni, eyayisetshenziselwa ukupheka, elimiswe ekhulwini XVII. Namuhla-ke ibuyiselwe futhi uyisibonelo ezingavamile bokwakha Izigodlo.

imiBhalo eqhugwaneni

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli sezindela iyagcinwa lesikhumbuzo bokwakha Russian civil - eqhugwaneni imiBhalo. Interiors wayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, yabuyiselwa ngo-1970. Emhumeni isakhiwo yiyona okuthiwa isikhwama itshe. Yayiqukethe siboshwa abode.

kocingo

Uthango sokuqala ngqá itshe sezindela Yakhiwa kudala ngekhulu XVI, futhi kamuva kwathiwa kabusha izikhathi eziningana, futhi AD XX leminyaka Varganov wawubuyisela. Uzungu kuyinto kocingo ubudala nge umbhoshongo etendeni, elingenalo umhlobiso, lingelikaJehova ekhulwini XVII. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho insimu futhi yakha kuvulandi encane yangasese. Tower (XVIII leminyaka), ehlotshiswe domes hemispherical, kakhulu olunothile. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi, mhlawumbe, ekuqaleni nabo waba canopied.

Ihhotela "intercession"

izivakashi Russian kanye angaphandle zibabaza Suzdal lasendulo. Pokrovsky Monastery kufakwe ohlelweni cishe yonke imisebenzi. abahambi abaningi bayamangala ukuthi emnyango esigodlweni sezindela bebona izindlu Lihle lokhuni.

Into wukuthi isikhathi eligadulayo yokwakha kabusha esigodlweni sezindela wawusegunjini ehhotela "intercession" kuyinto cottage eliqoshiwe. Babethandana ukuyeka izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2008 ehhotela saphela ukusebenza kwawo, futhi abanikazi wanika izindlu sezindela. Manje nansi lezintandane ngoba amantombazane, kanye amaseli Izigodlo.