St Tihon Zadonsky: ukuphila

Waba kwezazi zenkolo ovelele Orthodox abaholi benkolo, owaphila ekhulwini XVIII futhi abagcotshwa ngaphakathi the bombo of abangcwele abasebenzi isimangaliso Russian Church. Bishop of Voronezh futhi Yelets, St Tihon Zadonsky wahlala eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo emangalisayo, egcwele izithelo ezingokomoya ekuphileni kwawo, ngoba lapho yena uqobo engazange usukhathele ukubonga uJehova. ONgcwele Ayephila ukuphila okuphansi kakhulu, lisetshenziswe ukudla okuncane, futhi wayengazisabi umsebenzi onzima odinga amandla, kodwa akazange ashade, waba abadumile. uthando lwakhe ngoNkulunkulu sasisikhulu kangangokuba cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe wayehumusha enkonzweni iBandla likaNkulunkulu emhlabeni.

St Tihon Zadonsky: ukuphila

Ikusasa umbhishobhi, futhi manje emhlabeni Sokolov Timofey Savelevich, wazalwa ngo-1724 edolobhaneni sifundazwe Korotsko Novgorod. Umndeni kulabo ababempofu kakhulu, ubaba wayeneminyaka engu-idikoni Savely Kirillov. UThimothewu wayephathiswe igama elisha esikoleni sobufundisi Novgorod. Uyise akazange akhumbule, ngoba wafa esemncane. Ngesikhathi izandla kukamama kwesokunxele izingane eziyisithupha - amadodana amane namadodakazi amabili. Umfowabo omdala, futhi, uyise, waba igosa, isilinganiso bangeniswa ibutho. Zazingekho izimali, ngakho wonke umndeni cishe wahlala esandleni emlonyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho indlu nakanjani singenakudla, Timka ngoba ucezu lwesinkwa usuku, harrowed eshayisa nalesi sicebi.

coachman

Nokho, Bacela coachman njalo engenabantwana kodwa ocebile. Timka wayemthanda efana nomfowethu, futhi emnxusa ukuba ayinike unina yami ukukhulisa indodana yakhe nendlela ukuzikhipha ohlwini kuye impahla yakhe ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Umama wazisola kakhulu kuThimothewu, kodwa umtlhago omkhulu nendlala wayiphoqa ukuba uvume. Ngolunye usuku u-Eva wasithatha isandla sendodana yakhe futhi waqonda ngqo kumshayeli. Ngalesi sikhathi, lo mzalwane mdala wayengekho ekhaya, kodwa lapho ebuya, osezwile kusukela udadewabo ukuthi umama Timka waqonda ngqo kumshayeli, waphuthuma khona ukubamba up amabutho azo. Futhi-ke, ngazifica, bema phambi umama emathangeni akhe futhi wancenga wakhe ukuba ningayeki Timka umshayeli. Yena wathi kungcono emhlabeni wonke, kodwa sizozama ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala, bese ungakwazi ulinamathisela sextons noma ezikhonzayo. Umama wavumelana, futhi bonke babuyela emakhaya.

ukuqeqeshwa

Ngo-1738 Timka umama waletha yokwemukela sabefundisi Novgorod. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umzali eshona, noThimothewu wasala uyintandane. Ngesicelo umfowabo - umabhalane eNovgorod - ke ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala Novgorod esikoleni zenkolo, wenza endlini sombhishobhi, okuyinto 1740 saqanjwa sabefundisi. Sokolov umfana njengoba omunye wabafundi engcono babhaliswa ngokushesha futhi idluliselwe okuqukethwe engaphansi kukahulumeni. Futhi waqala ukuthola isinkwa mahhala futhi amanzi abilisiwe. Isigamu isinkwa wadla, nezinye ukuthenga nokuthengisa amakhandlela ukufunda izincwadi ezikhuluma ngenkolo. Izingane abahwebi abacebile ngokuvamile Bamhleka usulu, isibonelo, uzothola ottopki Bast izicathulo zakhe wasizulisa kubo ngaleso kuye esikhundleni isitsha sempepho ngala mazwi: "! Thina khulisa wena, usanta"

Watadisha esikoleni sabefundisi kakhulu ngendlela 14 ubudala futhi waphothula ngo-1754. Into ayengemaningi othisha ngokwanele esikoleni sobufundisi. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka emine, ekukhulumeni wezenkolo nefilosofi, futhi eminyakeni emibili lweluhlelo, Ngokuzayo St Tihon Zadonsky baba umfundisi ngesiGreki kanye nemfundiso yenkolo.

Tonsured kanye nokumiswa entsha

Entwasahlobo ka-April 10, 1758 Thimothewu tonsured indela enegama uTikhon Monastery Archimandrite Anthony Parfeny (Sopkovsky). Inoki Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-34. Khona-ke waba uthisha wefilosofi Novgorod sabefundisi.

Januwari 18, 1759, wamiswa njengelungu Archimandrite Tver Zheltikova Assumption Monastery, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka waba liphayona le li we Tver sabefundisi naseminyakeni lifundisa imfundiso yenkolo. Futhi konke lokhu, ithola khona isigungu sabefundisi ezingokomoya.

Voronezh St uTikhon ka Zadonsk: ukugcotshwa

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu umcimbi ezithakazelisayo kwenzeka ngaphambi wamiswa Meyi 13, 1761 ku Bishop Kexholmsky futhi Ladoga. Lapho kudingeka umuntu umbambeli kule besifunda-bhishobhi Novgorod, le ndawo yakhethwa ukhetho eziyisikhombisa, wangena Archimandrite uTikhon.

Kwabe sekufika usuku lwePhasika Omkhulu, owawungumnyaka draw futhi ukukhomba abafundela isikhundla. Ngesikhathi, Archimandrite uTikhon nge uMfundisi Bishop Athanasius wakhonza izimfundiso Easter Cathedral of Tver. Phakathi Cherubic Hymn kwaba umbhishobhi e-altare, futhi ahambe izinhlayiya, Archimandrite uTikhon, njengabanye svyaschenoluzhaschie, waya kuye ephethe uhlu lwezikhalazo evamile: ". Ngikhumbule, nkosi engcwele" Ungalindele, nangu ekubheka wezwa impendulo Bishop Athanasius: "ukugcotshwa lakho Kwangathi iNkosi khumbula Nkulunkulu eMbusweni waKhe," bese ngokushesha baphela, unezela emomotheka: ". Sengathi uNkulunkulu angasipha ukuba ube umbhishobhi"

Petersburg, ngesikhathi benza inkatho kathathu, futhi isikhathi ngasinye wayengiphendula lehla igama uTikhon. Nokho, kulesi sikhundla, wachitha isikhathi esifushane, kuze 1762, wabe sidluliselwe engamele ehhovisi esiGungwini. Wabe ephethwe uMnyango Voronezh St Tihon Zadonsky. Bishop of Voronezh futhi Eletskiy Ionniky (Pavlutsky) base beshonile.

uMnyango Voronezh

Ngezinye Bishop uTikhon waphathiswa ukusebenza kwe-Voronezh bhishobhi, lapho ngaphezu esifundazweni Voronezh lalinabashumayeli eKursk, orel, Tambov kanye Don Usokhaya, ngaleso sikhathi, yonke le idinga zaguquka. Futhi njengoba emaqeleni sesihle Don ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII yaba indawo yokukhosela kusukela uhulumeni ukushushiswa ukwahlukana futhi Old Amakholwa, le prelate kwakunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nesimo sokuphila isonto ngaleso sikhathi. Izithiyo izinhloso zawo ezinhle okuhleliwe ngabanye njengendlela amandla wokuziphilisa yabefundisi kulokhu.

Kodwa Bishop uTikhon kwakubalulekile ukulungiselela ifa uyakufanelekela abefundisi ezihlakaniphile abafundile, ngakho uSathane wasungula esiqinile inkonzo esemthethweni kanye treboispolnenie. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, kwase kwakhiwe isikole ukuze izingane ezimpofu wabapristi abapristi ngokwabo. On the simo esiphakeme esingokomoya, ayekufuna ehloniphekile, ukhathazekile ayigcinanga ngokuchaza ukuthi ibandla lakhe, kodwa futhi mayelana ngcono futhi ubuhle amathempeli.

Guides & kweManyuwali

Ngomnyaka wokuqala wenkonzo Voronezh bhishobhi, wabhala intshumayelo emfushane abapristi, ngokuthi "On the SEDM oNgcwele Mysteries" echaza inkolelo yokungafi amasakramente wenza kweqiniso. Ngemva konyaka, wadala Umhlahlandlela sendlela ukwenza obaba abangokomoya lapho uvuma futhi kanjani ukuvusa umuzwa wokuba laphenduka ngobuqotho, futhi abanye abahlala kule ubungcweti Ukukhala engakhulumi ngezono zakhe, akufundisa ukududuzwa ngomusa kaNkulunkulu. Ngo ayezengamele St. uTikhon lokuqala uvinjelwe kuhlawuliswa ngoba sabefundisi babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso angenanhlonipho, naye bavikela uhulumeni wakhe phambi.

Njengoba umpristi weqiniso, anakekela imfundo abefundisi, ngakho ezikoleni ezimbili zenkolo avuleka Yelets futhi Ostrogozhsk, futhi ngo-1765 waba rewrote le Voronezh Slavic esikoleni theological sabefundisi, futhi wamema othisha kusukela Kiev futhi laseKharkov. Ngokuba imfundo zokuziphatha abafundi sabefundisi futhi imfundo ekhethekile udaliwe.

Ukuzishaya nokunakekela

St Tihon Zadonsky wacindezeleka isimo labhidlika Voronezh zezindela nokunye ngabhala 15 izihloko iziyalo kwezindela. Wabuye wabhala umyalezo okhethekile kubantu zafundwa abapristi nasemhlambini waso. Ngakho, prelate uye walwa wobuqaba kwenanela Yarily ukudakwa usuku abathathela Carnival.

Bishop uTikhon njalo inesifiso a esekusithekeni ukuphila lezindela, kodwa izindaba Diocesan engapheli ayikazeki iliphi ithuba uyifeze. Yena njalo kuthatha izikhali ulwe nabantu base umkhakha zokuziphatha okubi, ukuthanda izinto ngokweqile, ukuthanda izinto ngokweqile, ukunethezeka, ukweba kanye nokuntuleka uthando ngomakhelwane wakhe futhi cishe akasoze waphumula. izinkinga njalo nangobunzima nezilima impilo yakhe, wabonakala iziyaluyalu sezinzwa futhi zenhliziyo imikhuhlane njalo nge ukuxakeka.

Life nasekusweleni

Nkosi wayehlala kumahamba izimo ezilula kakhulu nabampofu, esilele utshani wayifihla semvu elingenamikhono. Ngenxa yalokhu ukuthobeka ngokuvamile Bamhleka kumfundisi wesonto. Kodwa wayekholelwa ngokuqinile nesisho esithi: ". Ukuthethelela kuyisici njalo ungcono impindiselo" Uma Kamenev Whacky wamnika ngempama, wathi: "Musa khukhumala!", Wathatha onjalo kuhlasela ezingalindelekile ukumbonga uNkulunkulu, futhi waqala ngisho nsuku zonke ukuze ondle le isiwula. Ngokuvamile, bonke amagqubu nosizi wakhuthazelela ngenjabulo wabonga uNkulunkulu konke ukuthi ithumela kuye.

St uTikhon, uMbhishobhi Voronezh, le Wonderworker ka Zadonsk wayehlale sithethelele abanye, kodwa eqinile kakhulu naye. Uma ngesikhathi Ebolekwe waya esitokisini sakhe kumngane wakhe Schemamonk Mitrofan, owayebizwa ehlezi etafuleni nge umhlali Eletska Kozmoyu Ignatevichem, futhi ayebambelele izinhlanzi etafuleni. Zagijima ngokushesha namahloni, kodwa prelate wathi uthando ngokuba umakhelwane ngaphezu okuthunyelwe ukuze kungukuthi ayinandaba, yena banambitha kubo isobho. Wayethanda abantu abavamile, wamduduza futhi wanika abampofu konke imali neminikelo yabo.

Ukuphumelelisa ubungcwele

Izenzo ezinjalo yothando lwakhe futhi kutihluphekisa ukuba ngiphakamisele ukucatshangelwa ezingcwele izulu umbono ngekusasa. Ngo 1778, wabona ephusheni njengendlela encane eNcasakazini uMariya elibhekelele ifu sizungezwe Abaphostoli uPetru noPawulu, kanye St uTikhon wasukuma emadolweni akhe wabe umqondisi wancenga isihe zomhlaba. Kodwa uPawulu wathi lawo mazwi, kumelwe ukuthi kwaba ngokushesha kucace ukuthi izwe ulinde sizi. Saint-ke waphaphama ngezinyembezi.

Ngonyaka olandelayo Saint uTikhon futhi wabona Virgin Mary ne Obaba oNgcwele isembatho esimhlophe. Nalapha futhi wawa ngamadolo, Wacela ukuba kube nothile kusukela nabathandekayo babo, kanye Umama oNgcwele kaNkulunkulu wathi kuye ngesicelo ke.

Voronezh St uTikhon Zadonsk Wonderworker kwatholakala izenzakalo eziningi ezivusa amadlingozi eRussia. Ikakhulukazi, ebikezela ngokunqoba Russia empini nge Napoleon e 1812.

ukuqagela

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, waqala ukuthandaza ukuthi iNkosi wamtshela isikhathi sokufa. Futhi kwakungeyena izwi entathakusa: ". Ngosuku ngesonto" Ngawo lowo nyaka wabona ray elikhanyayo, kwema khona ekamelweni omangalisayo, wayefuna ukuthola umnyango, kodwa watshelwa ukuthi icala lakhe lalingase kuphela ukukwenza eminyakeni emithathu, kodwa kwakumelwe bazikhandle. Ngemva lombono Saint uTikhon umhlala esitokisini sakhe futhi akuvamile kudlalwa aphethe abangane bakhe. Wayeke sithenge izingubo kanye lomngcwabo owema ekamelweni, uTikhon uyise ngokuvamile beza kuye, wakhala.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ephusheni ezicacile, St uTikhon ka Zadonsk wabona umpristi ajwayelekile ngokusebenzisa iminyango wobukhosi altare zilethwe ingane, lowo saint wamanga esihlathini sakhe sokunene, wabe amshaya ngakwesokunxele. Ekuseni ngo-saint uTikhon waphatheka kabi, esihlathini nomlenze kwesokunxele isandla ndikindiki sasiqhaqhazela. Kodwa wasamukela ukugula kwakhe ngenjabulo. Bese ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, waphupha njengoba sethulwe phambi kwakhe iladi ezulwini, lapho uzama ngakuphi futhi akazange uthole baphiwa amandla ebuthakathakeni, khona-ke abantu baqala ukusiza, ukusekela kanye ukugxilisa eduze emafwini. Iphupho lakhe, watshela umngane wakhe, monk Kozma, futhi ndawonye beqaphela ukuthi ukuphela olusondelayo saint.

A ukufa obunokuthula

ONgcwele uTikhon umhlala bangabeki Disemba 17, 1767. Wavunyelwa siphile lapho akuthandayo, futhi ngakho ekuqaleni wahlala Tolshevskom isimo Monastery (40 km kusuka Voronezh). Nokho, kwaba khona marshland, isimo sezulu awuhambanga impilo ezinhle saint ke wathuthela Zadonsk sezindela , wahlala khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Phakathi yobuthaka wakhe, wabuye wathola Mysteries oNgcwele, kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba kwangenisa bamnikele ukuthi wanikela phambi kukaJehova ngeSonto, August 13, 1783. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-59 ubudala.

Ngo Zadonsk Ukuzalwa KukaKristu Our Lady Monastery wathola ukuphumula lakhe eliphakade, St uTikhon ka Zadonsk, izinto ezingcwele zosanta yakhe, futhi manje kukhona kule uVladimir Cathedral.

nokunxusa kwakhe okwenzeka ngo-August 13, 1861 ngesikhathi kubusa u-Alexander II. Ngesikhathi ithuna saint cishe ngokushesha waqala ukuba enze izimangaliso.

Kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi ibandla St Tihona Zadonskogo futhi Ignatiya Bogonostsa bayingxenye esontweni edolobheni Ukuzalwa KukaKristu the Virgin Monastery e Zadonsk ka Voronezh esifundeni.

Ngokusho izindaba izakhamizi ubudala, Hierodeacon uNina kaNkulunkulu Monastery, Baba Victor ngo-1943 lapho ukuqasha ifulethi kusukela isakhamuzi sendawo - E. V. Semenovoy, okuyinto has iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi elisophahleni lwendlu walondoloza isithonjana St uTikhon ka Zadonsk lasendulo, futhi uyena kuphela ukulondolozwa isithonjana Vladimir Cathedral izinsuku wokubusa umthetho yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu Soviet. Ibizwa nangokuthi "ukufa," umfanekiso St uTikhon, mbono uveza ukuphakama kwakhe okugcwele, futhi kusukela ngo-ukukhazinyuliswa kwegama lakhe ikhanya shrine we izinsalela saint. Lapho manje yena uhlala.

isiphetho

Imithandazo futhi Akathist eSt Tihonu Zadonskomu ikakhulukazi ukufunda ukuze, wenza wonke kusukela kugula ngokwengqondo kungabalwa - ubuhlanya, ukucindezeleka, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, futhi lunacy.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi St uTikhon emsebenzini "abakhwelwe" F. M. Dostoevskogo baba sibonelo hero etemibhalo - Umdala uTikhon - Nakhu okunye okushiwo umbhali yena wamkhomba, kanye sezindela kwaba nesisekelo sangempela isikhala kwezobuciko kule noveli.

I onesizotha amasevisi iholide ikhumbule St uTikhon ka Zadonsk ngoJulayi 19 no-Agasti 13.