Sretensky Monastery. Moscow Sretensky Monastery (isithombe)

Enhliziyweni laseMoscow Sretensky Monastery itholakala. Amasango awo avulekele zonke amaKristu obu-Orthodox. Noma ungaya Sretensky Monastery, ukubhekana kube lula ukukhumbula: itholakala ku Bolshaya Lubyanka, inombolo 19s1.

Umlando ukuvela Isigodlo

Kube wezindela 1397, sibonga izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo zomlando ezizungezile nesivikelo saphezulu. Nakuba eMoscow wakusindisa ngokuyisimangaliso ebuthweni esinganqobeki of Tamerlane. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1395. Njengoba indaba kusho uKhan Timur amabutho Tartar wathuthela ngaphesheya Russia, oniselwa konke endleleni yayo. Phambili kwaba eMoscow. Ekubona kusengaphambili izinkinga eside, Grand Prince Vasily Metropolitan Cyprian ngaphambilini ukuletha kusukela Vladimir eMoscow isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso UnguNina KaNkulunkulu (Vladimir). Ngezinsuku eziyishumi kwaba isithonjana endleleni, ke ubephelezelwa imithandazo nehamba nezinyembezi abantu Russian, amela ngamadolo akhe endleleni. E-Moscow, wahlangana umfanekiso uVladimir uNina kaNkulunkulu ku 26 August.

Nakuba isithonjana Orthodox wahlangana Khan Tamerlane wayelele etendeni lakhe ocebile. Uvele iphupho kuye owesifazane othile, okuyinto esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ezingenakubalwa ibutho lezingelosi, esongelayo ukubukeka kuYe. Uma Khan ephaphama, wabutha amalunga akhe futhi yayala ukuchaza umbono wakhe. Nazo ngokufanayo, wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi unina wafika uNkulunkulu wamaKristu - the umvikeli we abantu Russian nge force angenakuvinjwa. Khan ethuke ukuthi incazelo. Ibutho lakhe, ngokushesha yabuya engakafiki eMoscow.

Muscovites kwimemori yalesi simangaliso ukubeka endaweni Presentation uVladimir Icon of the Church. Kamuva lapha lakhiwa Sretensky sezindela.

amakhulu eminyaka khona

E-Moscow ngalezo zinsuku kwakukhona convents eziningi zenkolo. Sretensky Monastery wayengekho phakathi ethandwa kakhulu. Ayaziwa ephezulu iphrofayela sezakhiwo of izindela ongokomoya, umhlobiso sezindela Wayenesizotha kakhulu. Impilo ka-izindela wabe ngokuthula, buthule, kancane kancane. Nokho, Isigodlo, ngokuvamile ukuzibandakanya imicimbi yomphakathi yesikhathi. Hhayi indima sokugcina eyadlalwa wezindela sokunqoba Nezinkinga esenzeka inhloko-dolobha eminyakeni 1611-1613. Ukuba ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini senzeka ngokusekelwa yesigodlo. Ngenxa yokuba sendaweni Isigodlo wafakaza Salt kwemibhikisho 1648, okwaqala ezindongeni wendawo. izenzakalo ezijabulisayo futhi ezitholakala nomlando wezinsalela zamandulo. Ngo-1552, kwaba lapha Muscovites wabingelela amasosha ezalethwa kusukela Kazan phumelela, Isigodlo waba ufakazi esehlakalweni.

Moscow Sretensky wezindela in the Inkathi Romanovs

Eyokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi kunalokho pha Sretensky Monastery. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuye King uTheodore A .. Kafushane baqhubeka wokubusa kwakhe, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi Isigodlo yanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, futhi lakhiwa Cathedral ekhazimulisa Candlemas le uVladimir Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, kuze kube yilolu suku kwaba waphunyuka bonke abanye. bewusizo olukhulu wathola kuleyo minyaka Sretensky Monastery, yokukhulekela yasebukhosini okwenzeka lapha kanye.

Ekhulwini XVIII Isigodlo aqala ukuncipha. Facilities ke wahlupheka umlilo ngo-1737. Sretensky Monastery ongakabi kwadingeka isikhathi eside ukululama esifweni esingathi sína ezifana ngo-1737, uCatherine II yakhipha umyalo wokuba, eyasho okulandelayo mayelana inkolo yamazwe abantu besonto. Isigodlo waba yesifundazwe. Sretensky Monastery kungashiya izindela nane kuphela.

Kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu Isigodlo phathelana kancane kancane yaqhuma, waqala esizokwakhiwa ezinye izakhiwo.

Abode phakathi neMpi 1812

Impi 1812 kwasithinta kakhulu isimo Sretensky Monastery. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo ukuthi impi ye Borodino okwenzeka ngalolo suku, lapho sigubhe Presentation uVladimir Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Muscovites wabona lokhu njengophawu oluhle. Ezinye izenzakalo - ukubaleka yempi Russian ngoba eMoscow, ukuthunjwa French yenhloko-dolobha lasendulo, ngokwezinga elithile ezinyakaziswayo amathemba abahlali, kodwa izenzakalo alandelayo impi kwaqinisa ukukholelwa Lobu-Orthodox. Sretensky Monastery ngesikhathi umlilo 1812 owalimala. "Ezithintiwe phezu" abode amasosha isiFulentshi, baphanga eziningi zezimiso basonta esontweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindela we Sretensky Monastery aqine kuqashelwe shrine futhi akuzange kuwumise umsebenzi, ngisho phakathi nempi. Khona-ke, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, Isigodlo kwaba ezindaweni ezinokuthula.

Ukufika amandla Soviet

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX Sretensky Monastery kwaba landscaped ngokuphelele, nakuba kwakudingeka usayizi nesizotha. Ngo-1907, Isigodlo kwaba nane izimfundamakhwela ziyaye, ezine igosa, hieromonks eziyisithupha. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze Isigodlo Sretensky kwadingeka ukuba usinde sizi.

Uhulumeni waseSoviet ngokushesha uqale ukusetha imithetho yabo, ngokushesha wathatha phezu Church. Isinqumo 1918, ekhishwe-CPC, uthi iSonto uyashiywa isimo, futhi leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa isimo esemthethweni. Zonke impahla okungewakho iSonto, waqala ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu abantu. Zonke izakhiwo senzelwe yokukhulekela, aqala ukuhoxa esivuna umphakathi, babeza lapha izindlu, wonke umzimba ikhamera. Sretensky Monastery akaphunyuki lo ukudalelwa. Ngo-1922, yena elathunjwa Renovationists. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngesikhathi esifanayo athathwe Isigodlo zonke plate sesonto, engenalo nelincane Inani: izitsha yesonto, altare iziphambano, imifanekiso amaholo, amabhuku Ukubophezeleka eziyigugu.

Isiphetho edabukisayo Isigodlo

Ukuze sandise traffic, eminyakeni 1927-30 ubhubhisé eziningi izakhiwo sezindela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ethempelini of St Mary yaseGibhithe, owabe wawubhekwa njengendawo omdala eMoscow. Asele izinto Izigodlo kwasakazwa ezikhungweni ezahlukene kwamasiko kanye iminyuziyamu. isithonjana Old "Ekuphakanyisweni Wesiphambano" yanikwa Museum anti-zenkolo ke waya Tretyakov Gallery, lapho wayelokhu namanje.

Izakhiwo wezindela kweziningi ezisekhona kusukela kokubhubhisa we NKVD ibekwe ehostela. Eminyakeni lokwesaba endaweni Isigodlo wangaphambili badutshulwe abantu abaningi. Amathuna okungeyona eyamaphoyisa, futhi lapha, futhi noma bangcwatshwa. Ngo-1995, i-Sretensky Monastery eyayibekwe yokukhulekela isiphambano inkumbulo ukholo kule ndawo, wenza kwaba Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto ongcwele Alexy.

Ithempeli kuphela okusele eminyakeni 1958-1962 ngemva ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo ixazululwe Centre Scientific Ukuvuselelwa.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XX, lapho ekugcineni laseRussia aqala avuselele isiko isonto, Cathedral of the Presentation uVladimir Isithonjana Umama of God Church lidlule, kwenzeka ngo-1991. Ngo-1994, isibusiso Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto lakhe Yobungcwele phezu Insimu Sretensky Monastery waqala ukuvuseleleka ukuphila Izigodlo. Izakhamuzi lokuqala kwadingeka ukuba yenze umsebenzi onzima ukubuyisela sezindela.

Ngo-2008, uhlelo yasungulwa, lapho kufanele kabusha olwalukhona ensimini ka ezikhumbuzo sezindela yamisa amabandla amasha, amahhovisi. Loluhlelo kudinga isakhiwo esangweni esontweni ngenhloso yokubhapathiza, i-Orthodox nentsha kanye amagumbi. izakhiwo Eduze waphonsa sezindela nokuthuthukisa bangaphansi izindlu kwabathile, esibhedlela kanye Refectory. Kusukela Big Lubyanka ukwandisa endaweni ngaphansi seminar ukuqeqeshelwa izindlu sikole.

Izindela uyalwazisa, ukuvikela Sretensky Monastery. Ikheli is abaningi besonto lakhe eyaziwa, futhi uvakashele it can zonke comers, abathanda ubuhle wethempeli savuka bakhulekele isithonjana ongcwele.

Ukuphila Isigodlo

Ngokuqinisekile ngoba izindela kuba isenzo main womthandazo. izimfundiso nsuku zonke (ekuqaleni, ngasekupheleni, Midnight). Noma yimuphi imfundamakhwela indela wendawo uyaziqhenya yokuthi indawo yabo usendaweni iyona Sretensky Monastery. Kokukhonza UNkulunkulu ilapha Mayelana nencazelo eyisisekelo yegama ukuphila. Zonke Ulapha ukuba ukulalela ekhethekile, wonke umuntu into yabo: umuntu usebenza engadini, othile endlini ukushicilela, abanye enza imisebenzi. Uma siqhathanisa isimo wezindela in the 90s futhi manje, ungabona kangakanani ngomsebenzi oyisimangaliso, umzamo okutshalwa kuwo izimali ekuphuculeni sezindela. Sikole zihilelekile ukuphila yesigodlo, ulalela ukuya ezinkonzweni.

choir leduna Sretensky Monastery

choir Male esigodlweni sezindela uye sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona, futhi usuku isizinda (1397). Ibhizinisi kokuphazamiseka kwenzeka eminyakeni yoshushiso phakathi nokubusa umbuso wamaSoviet. Okusanda, ikhwaya waqala ukuthola izici yesimanje. Ngo-2005, Sretensky Monastery Choir waholekela ibamba, ogama lakhe Nikon Stepanovich wahlala. He is iziqu Gnesinka kusuka ebuntwaneni wayecula ekwayeni ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra.

Ngesisekelo ekwayeni we Sretensky sikole sobufundisi, kanye abaphothula Theological Academy of eMoscow. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela ukwakheka Kepha abanye, abahlabeleli YaseMoscow Conservatory, YaseMoscow Academy of Choral Art, Gnesin Academy. Ekwayeni kuhlanganisa abantu amathathu, sifaka unqambothi soloists, has arrangers yayo futhi abaqambi.

Sretensky Choir kunesithembiso amasevisi njalo esigodlweni sezindela. On ebalulekile ngokwesiko yokukhulekela ukucula ku Moscow Kremlin. amalungu Choir nokuvakashela ukuba izinkambo sevangeli ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-Russian Lobu-Orthodox. I repertoire zazihlanganisa ukugwema umculo engcwele kuphela, kwenziwa iculo, izingoma sempi, bendabuko isiRashiya, Cossack, iculo Ukraine. Wonke amaculo ekhwayeni wenza kuphela yasekuqaleni ukucubungula cappela.

sezindela Appeasement

Sretensky Monastery ngesizotha etholakala enhliziyweni eMoscow, nge izindonga zaba mhlophe, okuyinto zibekwe tile. sezindela iminyango zivulelwe bajahe ukuba nokuthula. Abantu aye endaweni phakathi isevisi hhayi kuphela, abaningi beze nje phakathi kosuku umatasa. Ukudumisa ongcwele uVladimir Isithonjana noma izinsalela St uHilarion, okwesikhashana bayakhohlwa inhlokomo zezwe. A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: ngenkathi ngaphandle kwezindonga njalo kuyachwaza Bolshaya Lubyanka, ensimini ka wezindela kusalokhu ukuthula okuphelele nokunokuthula (noma mhlawumbe kubonakala izivakashi). Impilo ka-izindela akulula, usuku lonke zingabantu ukulalela, kodwa izimo zabo zihlale abantu abathobekile, hhayi ezintekenteke, eziwusizo.