Social Democratic Party of Germany: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Hlobo luni inhlangano uvikela izintshisekelo izakhamuzi, wadala eJalimane? I-Social Democratic Party yasungulwa ngokunembile nge lezi zinhloso. Isiqondiso ngokuvamile kudidaniswe ukwakhiwa sezenhlalo noma lamaKhomanisi emphakathini, kodwa lokhu kuyadukisa. Social Democratic Party of Germany, okuyinto uhlelo kusekelwe emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo iphiko kwesokunxele wakwazi ukuzivumelanisa izitayela ezintsha zezombusazwe. Kwathatha capitalism njengoba isigwedlo eyinhloko intuthuko enenqubekela phambili umphakathi, asekelwe ukuhlanganiswa yaseJalimane ku-European Union, yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bethu NATO.

ukuvuselelwa ngempumelelo umbhedesho eziyisisekelo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 ukhona uye wavumela inhlangano ukuhlala emandleni, futhi ngenkuthalo liguqule izwe.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Yini eyabangela Social Democratic Party of Germany emlandweni wezwe lakithi?

Inhlangano sihlehlela emuva 1863. Usomabhizinisi owaziwa kusukela Leipzig uFerdinand Lassalle wasungula yezisebenzi German. Ngokuhlanganisa imizamo yabo, baqala baphakamise emalungelo ato ebhizinisini - abanikazi izinkampani ezinkulu, abangamalungu izisebenzi zivame esizakala ngawo. Association of abasebenzi German waba ukhokhokazi ukunyakaza inyunyana

Phakathi nenkathi ka ngaphansi koMbuso German kusukela 1917 kuya ku-1918 ukunyakaza kwadingeka zezikhulu zayo mayelana abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi futhi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu iqembu asekelwe ukhetho ngo-1919 sabantu German.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I lost eJalimane, Social Democratic Party bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili. Ngo-1918, abalandeli imibono evamile ye Marx nezwe revolution sezenhlalo, inhlangano yakhe ngokuthi amaKhomanisi. Kodwa bona Social Democrats, eholwa Fridriha Eberta wahlanganiswa ingxenye ovulekile emthethweni ukucindezela izidleke ukuvukela amaKhomanisi.

Kusukela ngo-1929 kuze kube yilapho i-eza emandleni kaHitler Social Democrats won variable ukhetho, lokulandisa iningi, eziyivelakancane ephalamende. Ngenxa yokuthi iqembu liye eyaziwa njalo indlela ukuzivumelanisa izitayela ezintsha kwezombusazwe, wahlala kwezepolitiki iminyaka eminingi. Ngisho ngesikhathi kubusa-Third Reich, Social Democrats okuhleliwe congresses lulwimi ukuxoxa abakuhlelela ukuthuthukiswa ikusasa eJalimane.

Yini ebangele ushintsho olungaka e embonweni ongokwesiko Democrats yezenhlalakahle-yalolucwaningo 50 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka?

Ushintsho elibukhali zengqondo ezivamile ewela ngonyaka 1950. Inani elikhulu izakhamuzi German bakhathele mpendulo mayelana notorious ekilasini ngxabano, ukungalingani kwabantu kanye nomqondo ukusungulwa amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Umoya wazizwa bajabula kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II futhi ukubusa ukuba NATO kanye EU.

Social Democratic Party of Germany, uhlelo lapho yabukezwa ngo-1956, sabuka inkinga yokwakha umphakathi sezenhlalo ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu entsha. Imibono emisha kwaba Symbiosis capitalism kanye umnotho emphakathini ngamakhasimende.

Social Democratic Party of Germany, ogama amafilosofi sesibe kancane olusha, idale "Godesberg Uhlelo" entsha ngo-1959. It SPD ngokugcwele yokutholwa emnothweni emakethe, ke wavumelana orientation Western futhi ukuvuselelwa ibutho lamaJalimane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo uhlelo ukukhuluma ngesidingo ukuqedwa capitalism kanye ukusungulwa isimo nezenhlalakahle.

Izimpumelelo party

I-Social Democratic Party SPD kabili impumelelo enkulu in the kwezepolitiki.

Isikhathi sokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1969, lapho, sibonga ukhetho ngohulumeni omusha ngaphansi kobuholi Willy Brandt. Inhloko yenhlangano langena izibhebhe umlando, kanye waguqa ngamadolo phambi lesikhumbuzo ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso wobushiqela ePoland. Wakwazi ukuthola lulwimi ezivamile uhulumeni wamaSoviet nomakhelwane wayo osempumalanga.

Ngemva umholi omusha Brandt sika kwavela 1998. Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), eyayiholwa Gerhard Schroeder, owadala sokusebenzisana ne-"green". Uhlelo Schroeder ezihloselwe ukwehlisa abangasebenzi futhi sithuthukise nezinzuzo zezenhlalo izakhamuzi eJalimane. Kodwa ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha bakhe abangu awenziwanga.

Ngemva 2009 Social Democrats kuphumelele yilelo naleloqembu lezepolitiki - umKristu Democrats.

Yiqiniso, Social Democratic Party senziwa umnikelo elingenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni eJalimane. Yingaleso lona elenza wokwehla nemini ngokushikashikeka nokukhandleka emahoreni angu-8. Izinyunyana ithole ilungelo ukuxoxisana nabaphathi balezo amabhizinisi ezinkulu, kanti abesifazane bakwazi iqhaza okhethweni. Social Democrats abaye baba nendima enkulu ukwanda inkokhelo futhi andise izinkokhelo nomphakathi.

Inzuzo enkulu yenhlangano ukuthi uye wakhuthaza njalo inkululeko izakhamuzi, ningayifuni ukulandela ukwakhiwa imodeli yaseSoviet yokuthuthela umphakathi.

Amaqembu ezombusazwe nokuvumelana nezimo

Social Democratic Party of Germany ubelokhu wazama yokuthola ulimi olulodwa kanye nezimbangi zazo. Amandla ukusungula ubudlelwano nabo inikwe amandla amalungu alo ukuba luthathe ehamba phambili izikhundla isimo nokwenza amahlelo asebenze ekwenzeni komphakathi.

Social Democrats namuhla

Namuhla singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Social Democrats akakujabulelanga ukuthandwa wangaphambili. Umsebenzi wabo e esimeni esibucayi. Kubonakala sengathi sekuyisikhathi ukuqhuba kwekuhlela kabusha eliyisisekelo lapho beqhuba. Uma kungaqali, owazi, kube khona inhlangano esikhathini esizayo?

Ngokuthakazelisayo, Social Democratic Party of Germany balujabulela ngempumelelo enkulu CIS naseMpumalanga Yurophu. Isikhwama yabo lwenteke izinhlelo eziningi civil kanye namasiko. Imisebenzi abazenzi emazweni anjenge Poland, Ukraine, eRussia, eKazakhstan futhi Kyrgyzstan.

Kuyini isimo samanje inhlangano ezifana Social Democratic Party of Germany? 2016, okungukuthi, zokugcina ngo-September ukhetho lwephalamende wabonisa ukuthi Democrats yobuKristu futhi Social Democrats wahlupheka fiasco zezombusazwe. Bobabili, imiphumela yokhetho kwakungamadodana yi okubi kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule: i-SPD yazuza 21.6%, ngesikhathi CDU - 17.6%.

Imibono yamaKhomanisi Modern aseJalimane Social Democrats

Ngakho lokho kunhlangano ezifana Social Democratic Party of Germany, uhlelo? Kafushane ke kungenziwa ngokufingqiwe ezingu ezilandelayo:

• sihloniphe izimiso zaleyo ukulingana komphakathi nobulungisa;
• ukuvikela amalungelo ezakhamizi;
• amandla izakhamuzi amalungelo alinganayo;
• ukwenza umnotho sigxile izidingo zomphakathi;
• ukhawule isiqondiso isimo umnotho;
• ukusekela ukubaluleka kazwelonke ibhizinisi, okungase kube izimbangi njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa amabhizinisi angasese;
• ngaphansi kukahulumeni izimboni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi empini Aerospace nemikhakha petroleum;
• uhlinzeke ngokubambisana nomphakathi phakathi abaqashi nabasebenzi;
• ukwakha umbuso lapho zonke izakhamizi zizokwaziswa ukuthi emphakathini evikelwe;
• ukuvikela amalungelo kwezomnotho abasebenzi;
• ukukhulisa amaholo;
• kuqedwe abangasebenzi;
• ukuphucula izimo zokusebenza;
• nokwandisa asizakale zokuvikeleka komphakathi.

Le nhlangano umugqa ithobela iminyaka eminingi.

Ngubani uhola inhlangano okwamanje?

Ubani uphokophele Social Democratic Party of Germany? Namuhla-ke uholwa sezombusazwe ezinkulu Sigmar Gabriel. Kusukela ngo-1999 kuya 2003 elapha okuthunyelwe ka Undunankulu wase-Lower Saxony. Kusukela 2001 kuya 2009, wamiswa njengelungu uNgqongqoshe Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety.

Ngo-November 13, 2009 eholwa Social Democratic Party of Germany. Ngo-2013, wamiswa uNgqongqoshe Umnotho naMandla.

I-Social Democratic Party ngemehlo abahlaziyi bezombusazwe

Yini, ngokombono wakhe, kuba-Social Democratic Party of Germany namuhla? Izazi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo sezombusazwe yaseJalimane kungokoqobo izinguquko ezinqala. ukhetho Odlule ngoMashi wabonisa ukuthi imibuthano Isinqumo sokusebenzisana akusho ukujabulela impumelelo efanayo phakathi abavoti. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko abathintekayo Social Democratic Party. Eqinisweni, i-esilinganisweni Umvoti akuthathi nokukhula komnotho, kanye ukwehluleka kwenqubomgomo zezenhlalakahle - Ukuthuthela ukugeleza yokuthutheleka okukhulu kwababaleki ezivela eMpumalanga.

Ukhetho babe inkomba ecacile ukunganeliseki iningi labantu kulelozwe yayo isiye ekamu lababaleki elikhulu. Ukunqaba mass ukwamukela abasuka emazweni efana Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, futhi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, uye sibi isimo esinzima kakade. Ukungakwazi iziphathimandla German ukubonakalisa ababaleki nokuhlasela on izakhamuzi German ezikhonjwe ukuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo AFD ku Mashi isimo ukhetho.

Uma CDU / CSU, ngokuvumelana izingqapheli ithuba uphinde uthole isikhundla sabo elahlekile, le Democrats Social ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke akuyona bazicabange. Iqembu konyaka ilahlekelwa abasekeli bayo ngonyaka. abahlaziyi abaningi zezombusazwe ukubona yokuthi past 15 eminyaka yokuphila zayo, inhlangano engakaze isungulwe yisiphi isinyathelo uhlelo okunenjongo.

Social Democratic Party of Germany aqala ukuphelelwa kwayo kusukela 2000, okuyinto kwaba inkomba yokuthi izinkinga eziyimbangela ezikhona ngaphakathi enhlanganweni. Dips okhethweni Social Democrats ozama ukuchaza ezingeni lelisetulu mncintiswano kwezepolitiki. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi wokwehla isilinganiso kwakubangelwa ukuvela entsha "green" kwesokunxele. Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu 90 leminyaka elidlule waqala ukuba wazizwa ezingeni ukuzethemba Umvoti falling amaqembu amathathu bendabuko: the emthethweni (CDU / CSU), i-Liberals (FDP) kanye Socialist (SPD). Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu, uquqaba lwezingelosi ukunyakaza elisha lezombusazwe, esangenza izakhamuzi German kuchazwe kabanzi ngokucophelela izinto eziza kuqala yayo.

Akwaziwa usosayensi wezombangazwe Franz Walter, okuyinto ezikhethekile ekuhloleni isimo sezombangazwe e-Germany, ukholelwa ukuthi ukwahlukana izinhlelo zombusazwe ikunikinele isikhundla Social Democrats, futhi "green" ngakwesokunxele ebelizowina ukuzethemba izakhamuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphiko olandelanayo zohlelo, ngokusho kongoti, kukhona inzuzo Democrats yobuKristu futhi Socialist yobuKristu. Abanalo izimbangi sina.

Laliyini iphuzu kokuqala kokuntengantenga?

Konke kwaqala emuva ngo-1972, lapho Villi Brandtom kwathiwa ukwenqaba emcimbini njengoba welungelo izithakazelo sabantu abasebenzayo. Asekela inqubomgomo isikhungo esisha iye wamemezela. Kusukela 2000, abavoti abaningi baqala tie ikusasa labo nomunye amaqembu iphiko.

Amathrendi crisis enhlanganweni futhi wazizwa phakathi nokubusa Gerhard Schröder, futhi sekukhona esikhathini esibucayi kwezomnotho e-Germany uye sibi negative aqondiswe Social Democrats. Bundestag yokutholwa uhlelo olusha ashisekela izinguquko "Ajenda 2010", kuzonciphisa izindleko zokuxhumana nabanye abantu: nokukhokhwa abangasebenzi nesabelo uyekwa, kukhuphuke engu umhlalaphansi iminyaka engu-67. Konke lokhu uxhumano i- Social Democratic Party kanye nezinyunyana kanye nabasekeli babo main - abasebenzi.

Usihlalo wumfelandawonye wezinyunyana eJalimane Mihael Zommer ngesikhathi enengxoxo umagazini i-Spiegel ngo-2014 obala wamemezela ukuthi inqubomgomo Social Democrats 'akasekho isithakazelo abasebenzi izakhamuzi.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuwa amazinga inhlangano enkulu kangaka njengoba Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), ngenxa yokuntuleka umholi elikhanyayo Willy Brandt uhlobo noma, kanti okubi, uGerhard Schröder. Contemporary nabaholi bayo abasebenzi party yimpumelelo. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu abakwazi ukuba abe ubuso inhlangano, njengoba bengenayo imibono eqhubekayo ugqozi abavoti. Lokhu kubangela kokunganaki kwabaningi izakhamuzi. abahlaziyi abaningi zezombusazwe bakholelwa ukuthi iphutha elingathí sina kwaba ukuhlukana yokuma umholi kanye ukhetho for bundeskantslera. Iyini indima Social Democratic Party of Germany? Umholi Sigmar Gabriel, ngokusho kongoti, uzama ukugcina isihlalo ukugwema umthwalo ukunqotshwa ukhetho.

Inkinga okubangelwa inhlangano kanye nokunciphisa inani lamalungu alo kusuka 1 million ngenhloso yokuba izinkulungwane 450. Engu-30 ubudala kanye nesilinganiso ukwehla kusuka eminyakeni engu-30 kuya 59 ngenxa ekukhuleni iqembu impesheni. Okhunye okukhambisana lokhu, uthi abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Social Democrats akazange ukuthandwa nje isizukulwane esisha e-Germany. Konke lokhu kuzodala ukwehla okwengeziwe kwenani amalungu eqembu.

ubudlelwane Party Social Democrats eJalimane neRussia

Ngemva ukwethulwa unswinyo by amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngokumelene ivolumu wezwe lethu yohwebo phakathi Russia nase-Jalimane kwayo ahambe kahle kakhulu. Ingxenye yokuqala ngonyaka kwaphawulwa ukuwa e inzuzo 13%. nokuthengiswa German lehla uphawu 20% ezweni lethu. Ukulahlekelwa komnotho German kuyinto € 12.2 billion.

Ngokusho abamele Ministry of Umnotho waseJalimane, isizathu inhlekelele ubudlelwane kwezomnotho usesimweni esibucayi of the ruble nokunciphisa amandla wokuthenga zabantu baseRussia.

Usekela-Shansela we iFederal Republic of Germany, Sigmar Gabriel uhlangane noMengameli Russian Putin, September 22, 2016, uVladimir ngonyaka. amaphephandaba amaningi wabhala mayelana Imiphumela wokuvakashela izinsuku ezimbili kwenqubomgomo isiJalimane eRussia. Umhlangano Kulinganiselwa edidayo.

Yini esingayisho ngesimo nezinhlangano ezifana Social Democratic Party of Germany? Isimo Sengqondo silibangise eRussia ubuqotho bakhe. Usekela-Shansela we iFederal Republic of Germany, Sigmar Gabriel ngokuthi ukusungulwa oxhumana nabo ezweni lethu. Ngokubona kwakhe, exclusion eRussia kusukela Group of Eight kwakuyiphutha okwedlulele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphawula ukuthi isimo sethu kufanele banamathela isivumelwano Minsk ekuxazululeni inkinga e-Ukraine.

Ngokumelene eqinile unswinyo anti-Russian Gabriel wakhuluma ekuqaleni 2015. Ngokusho kwakhe, neRussia kufanele ahlale etafuleni yezingxoxo hhayi acindezele izinyathelo zakhe zezomnotho. Ngo-April 2012, Gabriel wabonisa obala ukuthi ngokombono wakhe yokuthi eJalimane idinga Russia njengoba ukuhweba umlingani ezinkulu. Nokho, isimo likaShansela kungelona kakhulu ehlaselwe isimo lonke Germany.

Usekela-Shansela ukuthi umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kufanele sifune izindlela ukubambisana Russia hhayi ashisise nesimo esinzima kakade. Komphakathi Democrat futhi wakhuluma iqiniso ukuthi kwemihlambi ezweni lethu parallel isicelo ezibiyele sika ukusiza ekuxazululeni izingxabano Syria bancishwa gcwele hlobo of logic.

I cindezela German wagxeka likaShansela

ukuvakashelwa kaGabriyeli ngo eMoscow kubange isiphithiphithi intukuthelo emaphephandabeni eJalimane eside ngaphambi lolu hambo. Izintatheli eziningi kuqashelwe ukuthi ezibiyele isebenzisa osopolitiki German ukuze zibonise ithonya labo. Faz umlobeli Friedrich Schmidt wabhala ukuthi eMoscow uzama ukwethula ukuvakashela omakhelwane European njengobufakazi bokuthi akusiyo sesimweni angawodwa.

Cindezela inkomfa kanye izintatheli German at Usekela-Shansela senzeka ngesikhathi Ritz Carlton Hotel ngoSepthemba 22. Kubonakala ukuthi osopolitiki ulindele ithuba elinjalo, futhi bazishaya ngokuthi namuhla labetibambile ukuzoxoxisana abavikeli bamalungelo wobuntu abangaphezu eRussia. Ngokusho osopolitiki isiRashiya, ekufikeni kwakhe ingadlali ezandleni the Kremlin nabameleli Western kufanele uvakashele eRussia ngokuvamile njenganoma yikuphi Lemihlangano ikusita ukulolonga kuwukuphikisana. Gabriel waqinisekisa izintatheli ukuthi uzama ukuba senanele izinqubomgomo wezwe lakithi.

Ngakho umnotho noma ezombusazwe?

Gabriel wahlangana nezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu Russian Daniilom Katkovym ezisuka "Parnassus", Galinoy Mihalevoy ka "Yabloko" UGrigory Melkonyants nokusuka inhlangano engenzi inzuzo "The Voice". isikhonzi German waxoxa kokunikezwa kwe-ukhetho State Duma we Russian Federation. Futhi olwenziwa mayelana ukungayinaki nemigomo yentsandvo yelinyenti ezweni lethu.

Ngokusho inqubomgomo isiJalimane, amaqembu amaningi Russian zezombangazwe zase neze ungeniswe okhethweni, asicindezele nenkululeko yokukhuluma. Kodwa ingxoxo yesihloko se-likaShansela wazala ezingabalulekile. Esikhathini inkhulumomphendvulwano wazama ukuba adlulisele ukuthi injongo eyinhloko yokuvakasha yakhe akukhona zezombusazwe, kanye nezinkinga zomnotho.

Nge likaShansela kwavela iqembu elikhulu osomabhizinisi German ngubani uhlanganyele osomabhizinisi Russian. Emhlanganweni ohanjelwa umqondisi ophethe i-Eastern iKomidi German Umnotho Michael Harms (Michael Harms) kanye nelungu lebhodi ye Siemens Zigfrid Rusvurm (Siegfried Russwurm). Kuyinto izithakazelo zebhizinisi ezimbili ezinkulu futhi amelwe Gabriel emhlanganweni nge umholi wezwe lakithi Vladimirom Putinym kanye noNgqongqoshe Industry Russian nokuThuthukiswa koMnotho.

UGabriyeli kugcizelelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi injabulo eyinhloko isiphetho izinkampani 5.600 German ukuthi usebenze eRussia. Okuxoxiswana ngakho ukulawulwa wezomthetho utshalomali, kanye yokungenisa ukuvinjelwa. Konke lokhu kunomthelela elibi hhayi nje izithakazelo izinkampani, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi babo.

Ngokusho Gabriel, awukwazi kuphela ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zomnotho, kodwa musa ezibathintayo Kungaba iphutha elikhulu, kusukela ngemva ukunqunywa unswinyo, ukuncipha okukhulu kwemisebenzi ezweni lethu futhi eJalimane.

Emhlanganweni esasinawo nongqongqoshe Russian kwaphakama umbuzo mayelana nendlela ukunciphisa ukwencika isimo sethu izinsiza, futhi ukusekela amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi.

Ukhetho eCrimea futhi unswinyo

Lapho ngokuthinta ekhanda nezombusazwe-Social Democratic Party of Germany, Gabriel wazama ukugwema ukugxeka wezwe lakithi. Ngokuphathelene nalawo maphuzu athinta inqubomgomo angaphandle ezihlobene okhethweni eCrimea, kukhona likaShansela, yaphawula ukuthi Ama-Social Democratic Party kuthatha usesimweni esifana nezinye izinhlangano mayelana emthethweni ka leso sinyathelo. Imihlangano ukhetho eCrimea kuphambene umthetho wamazwe, zibalwa phakathi kwezihlahla wadla. Ukhetho eCrimea, ngokombono wakhe, engekho emthethweni. Inkinga iba hhayi okhethweni ngokwabo, futhi izenzakalo eziholela kubo.

Izitatimende ngokuphathelene unswinyo European

Yini cabanga isikhathi unswinyo olubhekiswe Russian Social Democratic Party of Germany? Umholi waveza iphuzu lakhe umbono obhekene naso sehlukile kuleso European. Ngokusho Sigmar Gabriel, le nqubo encike ngqo kwi ukuqala kwesivumelwane Minsk, kodwa bephakamisa unswinyo kwezomnotho kufanele sigcwaliswe igxathu negxathu, osusifinyelele amaphuzu athile yesivumelwano.

Usekela-Shansela wathi ebuka inkinga yangempela futhi akalindele eRussia ukusebenza ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinto. Kulokhu, uGabriyeli yathi ukuthi kulesi simo ama-senxushunxushu akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ezweni lethu, kodwa futhi base-Ukraine.